El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and de...El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature(SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Ni?o-3.4 region(5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection(surface heat flux) is positive(negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.展开更多
Direct conversion of biomass to functional materials is an ideal solution to relieve challenges in environmental and energy sustainability.We herein demonstrate a molten salt thermoelectrolysis of rice husks(RHs)mainl...Direct conversion of biomass to functional materials is an ideal solution to relieve challenges in environmental and energy sustainability.We herein demonstrate a molten salt thermoelectrolysis of rice husks(RHs)mainly consisting of organic mass and biosilica to achieve high-efficiency and upgraded utilization of both Si and C in RHs.By coupling pyrolysis of organic mass with electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts,the thermoelectrolysis of RHs in molten CaCl_(2)-NaCl at 800℃ refines the RHs and acidleached RHs to SiC nanowire/C(SiC-NW/C)and Si nanoparticle/C(Si-NP/C),respectively.The present study highlights the molten salt thermoelectrolysis for reclamation of biomass wastes in an affordable and controllable manner.展开更多
An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical can...An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models.However,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized.In the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological studies.Finally,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed.This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.展开更多
Despite the growing knowledge of T cell responses in COVID-19 patients,there is a lack of detailed characterizations for T cell-antigen interactions and T cell functions.Here,with a predicted peptide library from SARS...Despite the growing knowledge of T cell responses in COVID-19 patients,there is a lack of detailed characterizations for T cell-antigen interactions and T cell functions.Here,with a predicted peptide library from SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins,we found that specific CD8+T cell responses were identified in over 75%of COVID-19 convalescent patients(15/20)and an epitope from the N protein,N361-369(KTFPPTEPK),was the most dominant epitope from our selected peptide library.Importantly,we discovered 2 N361-369-specific T cell receptors(TCRs)with high functional avidity that were independent of the CD8 co-receptor.These TCRs exhibited complementary cross-reactivity to several presently reported N361-369 mutant variants,as to the wild-type epitope.Further,the natural functions of these TCRs in the cytotoxic immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were determined with dendritic cells(DCs)and the lung organoid model.We found that the N361-369 epitope could be normally processed and endogenously presented by these different types of antigen presenting cells,to elicit successful activation and effective cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells ex vivo.Our study evidenced potential mechanisms of cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2,and illuminated potential ways of viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.These results indicate that utilizing CD8-independent TCRs against SARS-CoV-2-associated antigens may provide functional superiority that is beneficial for the adoptive cell immunotherapies based on natural or genetically engineered T cells.Additionally,this information is highly relevant for the development of the next-generation vaccines with protections against continuously emerged SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains.展开更多
Immunotherapy,designed to exploit the functions of the host immune system against tumors,has shown considerable potential against several malignancies.However,the utility of immunotherapy is heavily limited due to the...Immunotherapy,designed to exploit the functions of the host immune system against tumors,has shown considerable potential against several malignancies.However,the utility of immunotherapy is heavily limited due to the low response rate and various side effects in the clinical setting.Immune escape of tumor cells may be a critical reason for such low response rates.Noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)have been identified as key regulatory factors in tumors and the immune system.Consequently,ncRNAs show promise as targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors.However,the relationship between ncRNAs and tumor immune escape(TIE)has not yet been comprehensively summarized.In this review,we provide a detailed account of the current knowledge on ncRNAs associated with TIE and their potential roles in tumor growth and survival mechanisms.This review bridges the gap between ncRNAs and TIE and broadens our understanding of their relationship,providing new insights and strategies to improve immunotherapy response rates by specifically targeting the ncRNAs involved in TIE.展开更多
Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caus...Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caused by breast cancer.In terms of absolute numbers of cases and deaths,China ranks frst in the world.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to classify evidence and consensus.Results:The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer include the epidemiology of breast cancer,breast cancer screening,breast cancer diagnosis,early breast cancer treatment,advanced breast cancer treatment,follow-up,rehabilitation,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer patients.Conclusion:We to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42192564)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No. 2020B0301030004)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (Grant No.2020YFA0608802)。
文摘El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a distinctive phase-locking characteristic, first expressed during its onset in boreal spring, developing during summer and autumn, reaching its peak towards winter, and decaying over the next spring. Several studies have demonstrated that this feature arises as a result of seasonal variation in the growth rate of ENSO as expressed by the sea surface temperature(SST). The bias towards simulating the phase locking of ENSO by many state-of-the-art climate models is also attributed to the unrealistic depiction of the growth rate. In this study, the seasonal variation of SST growth rate in the Ni?o-3.4 region(5°S–5°N, 120°–170°W) is estimated in detail based on the mixed layer heat budget equation and recharge oscillator model during 1981–2020. It is suggested that the consideration of a variable mixed layer depth is essential to its diagnostic process. The estimated growth rate has a remarkable seasonal cycle with minimum rates occurring in spring and maximum rates evident in autumn. More specifically, the growth rate derived from the meridional advection(surface heat flux) is positive(negative) throughout the year. Vertical diffusion generally makes a negative contribution to the evolution of growth rate and the magnitude of vertical entrainment represents the smallest contributor. Analysis indicates that the zonal advective feedback is regulated by the meridional immigration of the intertropical convergence zone, which approaches its southernmost extent in February and progresses to its northernmost location in September, and dominates the seasonal variation of the SST growth rate.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51722404,51674177,51804221 and 91845113)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0201703)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642906 and 2019T120684)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042017kf0200)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019CFA065)。
文摘Direct conversion of biomass to functional materials is an ideal solution to relieve challenges in environmental and energy sustainability.We herein demonstrate a molten salt thermoelectrolysis of rice husks(RHs)mainly consisting of organic mass and biosilica to achieve high-efficiency and upgraded utilization of both Si and C in RHs.By coupling pyrolysis of organic mass with electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts,the thermoelectrolysis of RHs in molten CaCl_(2)-NaCl at 800℃ refines the RHs and acidleached RHs to SiC nanowire/C(SiC-NW/C)and Si nanoparticle/C(Si-NP/C),respectively.The present study highlights the molten salt thermoelectrolysis for reclamation of biomass wastes in an affordable and controllable manner.
基金supported by grants from the Project Nn10 of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.Nn102017-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972706,81872149,82173235,82072904,82103325)+3 种基金Outstanding Youth Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Heilongjiang,China(No.YQ2019H027)Distinguished Young Scholars of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JCQN2018-03)Yong Elite Training Foundation Grant of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JY2016-02)Haiyan Fund Project of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JJMS 2022-17).
文摘An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models.However,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized.In the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological studies.Finally,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed.This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.
基金This study was supported by the Emergency Project from Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Medical University fund,China(No.X4457)with the donation from Mr Yuling Feng.
文摘Despite the growing knowledge of T cell responses in COVID-19 patients,there is a lack of detailed characterizations for T cell-antigen interactions and T cell functions.Here,with a predicted peptide library from SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins,we found that specific CD8+T cell responses were identified in over 75%of COVID-19 convalescent patients(15/20)and an epitope from the N protein,N361-369(KTFPPTEPK),was the most dominant epitope from our selected peptide library.Importantly,we discovered 2 N361-369-specific T cell receptors(TCRs)with high functional avidity that were independent of the CD8 co-receptor.These TCRs exhibited complementary cross-reactivity to several presently reported N361-369 mutant variants,as to the wild-type epitope.Further,the natural functions of these TCRs in the cytotoxic immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were determined with dendritic cells(DCs)and the lung organoid model.We found that the N361-369 epitope could be normally processed and endogenously presented by these different types of antigen presenting cells,to elicit successful activation and effective cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells ex vivo.Our study evidenced potential mechanisms of cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2,and illuminated potential ways of viral clearance in COVID-19 patients.These results indicate that utilizing CD8-independent TCRs against SARS-CoV-2-associated antigens may provide functional superiority that is beneficial for the adoptive cell immunotherapies based on natural or genetically engineered T cells.Additionally,this information is highly relevant for the development of the next-generation vaccines with protections against continuously emerged SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains.
基金supported by funding from the Project Nn10 of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number Nn102017-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 81602323,81872149)+3 种基金Outstanding Youth Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number YQ2019H027)Distinguished Young Scholars of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JCQN2018-03)Yong Elite Training Foundation Grant of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JY2016-02)Haiyan Fund Project of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JJQN 2018-10).
文摘Immunotherapy,designed to exploit the functions of the host immune system against tumors,has shown considerable potential against several malignancies.However,the utility of immunotherapy is heavily limited due to the low response rate and various side effects in the clinical setting.Immune escape of tumor cells may be a critical reason for such low response rates.Noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)have been identified as key regulatory factors in tumors and the immune system.Consequently,ncRNAs show promise as targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors.However,the relationship between ncRNAs and tumor immune escape(TIE)has not yet been comprehensively summarized.In this review,we provide a detailed account of the current knowledge on ncRNAs associated with TIE and their potential roles in tumor growth and survival mechanisms.This review bridges the gap between ncRNAs and TIE and broadens our understanding of their relationship,providing new insights and strategies to improve immunotherapy response rates by specifically targeting the ncRNAs involved in TIE.
基金Department of Breast Surgery,Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Harbin,China。
文摘Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caused by breast cancer.In terms of absolute numbers of cases and deaths,China ranks frst in the world.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to classify evidence and consensus.Results:The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer include the epidemiology of breast cancer,breast cancer screening,breast cancer diagnosis,early breast cancer treatment,advanced breast cancer treatment,follow-up,rehabilitation,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer patients.Conclusion:We to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.
