Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton that account for approximately 20%of global carbon fixation and 40%of marine primary productivity;thus,they are essential for global carbon biogeochemical cycling and c...Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton that account for approximately 20%of global carbon fixation and 40%of marine primary productivity;thus,they are essential for global carbon biogeochemical cycling and climate.The availability of ten diatom genome sequences has facilitated evolutionary,biological and ecological research over the past decade;however,a complimentary map of the diatom proteome with direct measurements of proteins and peptides is still lacking.Here,we present a proteome map of the model marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with a proteogenomic strategy.In-depth proteomic profiling of three different growth phases and three nutrient-deficient samples identified 9526 proteins,accounting for~81%of the predicted protein-coding genes.Proteogenomic analysis identified 1235 novel genes,975 revised genes,104 splice variants and 234 single amino acid variants.Furthermore,our quantitative proteomic analysis experimentally demonstrated that a considerable number of novel genes were differentially translated under different nutrient conditions.These findings substantially improve the genome annotation of T.pseudonana and provide insights into new biological functions of diatoms.This relatively comprehensive diatom proteome catalog will complement available diatom genome and transcriptome data to advance biological and ecological research of marine diatoms.展开更多
According to the World Health Organization,cardiovascular disease accounts for approximately 30%of all deaths in the United States,and is the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Over the last several ye...According to the World Health Organization,cardiovascular disease accounts for approximately 30%of all deaths in the United States,and is the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Over the last several years,microRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of physiological homeostasis in multiple organ systems,including the cardiovascular system.The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the multiple causes of cardiovascular disease with respect to regulation by microRNAs.A major challenge in understanding the roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is that cardiovascular disease may arise from perturbations in intracellular signaling in multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells,cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts,as well as hepatocytes,pancreatic b-cells,and others.Additionally,perturbations in intracellular signaling cascades may also have profound effects on heterocellular communication via secreted cytokines and growth factors.There has been much progress in recent years to identify the microRNAs that are both dysregulated under pathological conditions,as well as the signaling pathway(s)regulated by an individual microRNA.The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms whereby microRNAs maintain cardiovascular homeostasis and to attempt to identify some key unresolved questions that require further study.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms,structuring microbial communities in oligotrophic ocean surface waters remains a major ecological endeavor.Functional redundancy and metabolic tuning are two mechanisms that have been prop...Understanding the mechanisms,structuring microbial communities in oligotrophic ocean surface waters remains a major ecological endeavor.Functional redundancy and metabolic tuning are two mechanisms that have been proposed to shape microbial response to environmental forcing.However,little is known about their roles in the oligotrophic surface ocean due to less integrative characterization of community taxonomy and function.Here,we applied an integrated meta-omics-based approach,from genes to proteins,to investigate the microbial community of the oligotrophic northern Indian Ocean.Insignificant spatial variabilities of both genomic and proteomic compositions indicated a stable microbial community that was dominated by Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus,and SAR11.However,fine tuning of some metabolic functions that are mainly driven by salinity and temperature was observed.Intriguingly,a tuning divergence occurred between metabolic potential and activity in response to different environmental perturbations.Our results indicate that metabolic tuning is an important mechanism for sustaining the stability of microbial communities in oligotrophic oceans.In addition,integrated meta-omics provides a powerful tool to comprehensively understand microbial behavior and function in the ocean.展开更多
基金This work was partially supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.42030404 and 41425021)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Project No.2015CB954003)D-ZW was also supported by the Ten Thousand Talents Program for leading talents in science and technological innovation.
文摘Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton that account for approximately 20%of global carbon fixation and 40%of marine primary productivity;thus,they are essential for global carbon biogeochemical cycling and climate.The availability of ten diatom genome sequences has facilitated evolutionary,biological and ecological research over the past decade;however,a complimentary map of the diatom proteome with direct measurements of proteins and peptides is still lacking.Here,we present a proteome map of the model marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with a proteogenomic strategy.In-depth proteomic profiling of three different growth phases and three nutrient-deficient samples identified 9526 proteins,accounting for~81%of the predicted protein-coding genes.Proteogenomic analysis identified 1235 novel genes,975 revised genes,104 splice variants and 234 single amino acid variants.Furthermore,our quantitative proteomic analysis experimentally demonstrated that a considerable number of novel genes were differentially translated under different nutrient conditions.These findings substantially improve the genome annotation of T.pseudonana and provide insights into new biological functions of diatoms.This relatively comprehensive diatom proteome catalog will complement available diatom genome and transcriptome data to advance biological and ecological research of marine diatoms.
文摘According to the World Health Organization,cardiovascular disease accounts for approximately 30%of all deaths in the United States,and is the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Over the last several years,microRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of physiological homeostasis in multiple organ systems,including the cardiovascular system.The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the multiple causes of cardiovascular disease with respect to regulation by microRNAs.A major challenge in understanding the roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is that cardiovascular disease may arise from perturbations in intracellular signaling in multiple cell types including vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells,cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts,as well as hepatocytes,pancreatic b-cells,and others.Additionally,perturbations in intracellular signaling cascades may also have profound effects on heterocellular communication via secreted cytokines and growth factors.There has been much progress in recent years to identify the microRNAs that are both dysregulated under pathological conditions,as well as the signaling pathway(s)regulated by an individual microRNA.The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms whereby microRNAs maintain cardiovascular homeostasis and to attempt to identify some key unresolved questions that require further study.
基金supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.41425021)the Ministry of Science and Technology(Project No.2015CB954003)+1 种基金COMRA program(No.DY125-15-R-01)Dayang Yihao 26th cruise program of COMRA.DZW was also supported by the‘Ten Thousand Talents Program’for leading talents in science and technological innovation.
文摘Understanding the mechanisms,structuring microbial communities in oligotrophic ocean surface waters remains a major ecological endeavor.Functional redundancy and metabolic tuning are two mechanisms that have been proposed to shape microbial response to environmental forcing.However,little is known about their roles in the oligotrophic surface ocean due to less integrative characterization of community taxonomy and function.Here,we applied an integrated meta-omics-based approach,from genes to proteins,to investigate the microbial community of the oligotrophic northern Indian Ocean.Insignificant spatial variabilities of both genomic and proteomic compositions indicated a stable microbial community that was dominated by Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus,and SAR11.However,fine tuning of some metabolic functions that are mainly driven by salinity and temperature was observed.Intriguingly,a tuning divergence occurred between metabolic potential and activity in response to different environmental perturbations.Our results indicate that metabolic tuning is an important mechanism for sustaining the stability of microbial communities in oligotrophic oceans.In addition,integrated meta-omics provides a powerful tool to comprehensively understand microbial behavior and function in the ocean.
