目的:分析食管癌患者放疗期间预防性使用吡非尼酮对放射性肺炎的影响。方法:回顾性收集2017年11月至2020年1月于福建医科大学附属协和医院接受调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)的胸段食管癌患者资料,按是否使用吡...目的:分析食管癌患者放疗期间预防性使用吡非尼酮对放射性肺炎的影响。方法:回顾性收集2017年11月至2020年1月于福建医科大学附属协和医院接受调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)的胸段食管癌患者资料,按是否使用吡非尼酮将患者分为吡非尼酮组和对照组,通过逆概率处理加权法(inverse probability of treatment weighting,IPTW)将各协变量在两组人群进行加权处理,分析两组人群2级及3级以上放射性肺炎的发生率。结果:共纳入170例符合要求的病例,其中吡非尼酮组40例,对照组130例。中位随访时间22.6个月,通过对年龄、吡非尼酮用药史、放疗剂量、双肺V_(5)及V_(20)等可能影响放射性肺炎发生的临床因素及肺体积剂量参数等进行IPTW法加权分析,加权后两组基线特征标准化均值差值下降99.72%,两组2级以上、3级以上放射性肺炎发生率分别为3.92%vs.14.73%(P=0.0007)及3.92%vs.10.99%(P=0.0141),差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析发现吡非尼酮用药史(2级P=0.0017,3级P=0.0191)、年龄(2级P=0.0336,3级P=0.0028)、放疗剂量(2级P=0.0119,3级P=0.0031)均与2级和3级以上放射性肺炎相关。吡非尼酮组未发现明显的不良反应。结论:接受IMRT治疗食管癌患者,放疗期间同步使用吡非尼酮可有效降低2级及3级以上放射性肺炎的发生,安全性好,值得开展进一步临床研究证实。展开更多
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for preeclampsia-eclampsia. This study established a pregnant rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, in which blood plasma homocysteine concentrations were twice or three t...Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for preeclampsia-eclampsia. This study established a pregnant rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, in which blood plasma homocysteine concentrations were twice or three times greater than that of normal pregnant rats. TUNEL revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the frontal cortex of pregnant rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. In addition, immunohistochemical staining detected activated nuclear factor-KB-positve cells in the frontal cortex. Reverse transcription-PCR detected that mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 diminished in the frontal cortex. In situ hybridization and western blotting revealed that N-methyi-D- aspartate receptor 1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These results indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia can induce brain cell apoptosis, increase nerve excitability, and promote the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant rats.展开更多
Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid meta...Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid metabolism disorder-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 days. Thus, these pregnant rats experienced preeclampsia-like syndromes such as hyper-tension and proteinuria. Simultaneously, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mRNA and protein ex-pressions were upregulated in the rat hippocampus. These findings indicate that increased expres-sion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 promotes the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced pree-clampsia in pregnant rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Based on the results of some large randomized controlled trials(RCTs)confirmed the efficacy of corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),corticosteroids have been included in World Health Organi...BACKGROUND Based on the results of some large randomized controlled trials(RCTs)confirmed the efficacy of corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),corticosteroids have been included in World Health Organization guidelines,but remain controversial.AIM To investigate the efcacy and safety of low-to-moderate dose(30 to 40 mg/d)short-term methylprednisolone for COVID-19 patients.METHODS The clinical data of 70 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antiviral therapy with Arbidol for 7-10 d before admission but had no obvious absorption on chest computed tomography(CT)imaging were retrospectively analyzed.Arbidol(as the control group)and methylprednisolone(as the corticosteroid group)were given respectively after admission.After treatment,chest CT was reexamined to evaluate the absorption of pulmonary lesions.Additionally,we evaluated and compared the lymphocyte count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleukin-6(IL-6),serum ferritin,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and D-dimer levels,and also analyzed the incidence of toxic and side effects.RESULTS All patients in the corticosteroid group had varying degrees of CT absorption,which was significantly better than that in the control group(CT obvious absorption rate:89.47%vs 12.5%,P<0.05).The average daily dose and course of methylprednisolone in the patients with significant improvement on chest CT was(38.55±13.17)mg and(6.44±1.86)d respectively.During the treatment,the lymphocyte count,ESR,IL-6,serum ferritin,LDH,CK-MB,hs-CRP and D-dimer levels all improved gradually,indicating that both Arbidol and methylprednisolone therapy were contributed to improving the condition of COVID-19 patients.The corticosteroid regimen did not prolong the clearance time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.There were no severe adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding,secondary severe infection,hypertension,diabetic ketoacidosis,mental disorders or electrolyte disorders during the whole corticosteroid treatment process.CONCLUSION Low-to-moderate dose short-term methylprednisolone can accelerate the chest CT imaging absorption of COVID-19 so as to improve symptoms and alleviate the condition in a short term,reduce the hospital stay,meanwhile avoid severe COVID-19 phases.The protocol has been proven to be effective and safe in clinical use.展开更多
On the backdrop of dwindling conventional reserves,unconventional reservoirs have emerged as a pivotal chapter in resource extraction.Despite their challenges,such as low permeability,complex fluid storage,and flow me...On the backdrop of dwindling conventional reserves,unconventional reservoirs have emerged as a pivotal chapter in resource extraction.Despite their challenges,such as low permeability,complex fluid storage,and flow mechanisms,hydraulic fracturing technology has underpinned the development of unconventional reservoirs.Consequently,this has brought about a shift in the sequence of flow regimes,e.g.,the transient radial flow regime has been largely shortened by the lengthy transient linear flow regime due to the low permeability of unconventional reservoirs.Moreover,straight-line analysis(SLA),the simplest technique in rate transient analysis(RTA),is a fundamental and potent tool for swiftly extracting reservoir and hydraulic fracture information,estimating oil and gas reserves,and furnishing crucial initial data for subsequent historical matching processes.However,there is currently a dearth of review papers pertaining to a necessary guide of applying SLA in various transient linear flow(TLF)regimes and different unconventional reservoirs.Hence,this paper commences by elucidating the classification of TLF regimes,commonly used methods for recognizing flow regimes,and the diverse SLA methods used for different TLF regimes.Subsequently,it delves into a discussion of different modification techniques for variable rate/flowing pressure,gas phase,complex reservoir characteristics in unconventional reservoirs,and dynamic drainage area concepts etc.Furthermore,the application of SLA in specific domains,namely core analysis and the flowback period,is described.It culminates by surveying the advancements through an integration of novel technologies to enhance estimation accuracy.The paper also highlights certain drawbacks of current SLA technology and proposes new research directions.Ultimately,this paper would serve as an indispensable resource,offering foundational knowledge for the application of SLA in TLF to promote the production of global unconventional resources in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable fashion in the face of a climate-resilient world.展开更多
To the Editor:Tumor immunotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years.However,immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy may cause clinical symptoms of hyper-progressive disease(HPD),especially for patients with alter...To the Editor:Tumor immunotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years.However,immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy may cause clinical symptoms of hyper-progressive disease(HPD),especially for patients with alterations or amplifications in driver genes,such as mouse double minute 2(MDM2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and fibroblast growth factor 4(FGF4).Recently,Kamada et al[1]investigated the molecular mechanism of HPD to explore whether immune checkpoint inhibition caused HPD in patients in clinical trials.Ki67+effector regulatory T cells(eTregs)in HPD patients were found to be increased after PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment.Other studies have also found that immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of patients with HPD show obvious changes before and after treatment.[2]Tumor microenvironment changes in HPD imply the potential presence of unknown gene interactions that promote rapid growth of tumor cells after cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
To the Editor: Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are opportunistic fungal infections that can lead to life-threatening complications.[1,2] Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection which is commonly confused with other...To the Editor: Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are opportunistic fungal infections that can lead to life-threatening complications.[1,2] Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection which is commonly confused with other lung diseases.[3] Co-infection with these three pathogens in the same host is rare. Here, we report a unique case of a cavitary lesion with aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and actinomycosis co-infection.展开更多
As a new favorite in the field of smart materials,smart windows,with visual stimulus sensing functions,have attracted extensive attention for their high transparency,sensitive response to environmental stimulus,and re...As a new favorite in the field of smart materials,smart windows,with visual stimulus sensing functions,have attracted extensive attention for their high transparency,sensitive response to environmental stimulus,and reversible changes in light transmittance.In this paper,the PVA-coPE nanofiber film,which was completely opaque like paper,was used as filling phase and reacted with water-soluble N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(NVP)by photopolymerization to produce a flexible transparency polyvinyl pyrrolidone/spraying PVA-co-PE nanofiber films(PVP/SPNFs)composite film.Among them,the small size effect of PVA-coPE nanofibers played a pivotal role in improving the film's transparency.Nevertheless,the PVP's reversible adsorption-desorption behavior of water molecules made its refractive index change dynamically and reversibly,which led to the visual transition of composite film from transparent to opaque just like that of electronic smart windows.Additionally,the reversible transition rate of film's transparency can be effectively regulated by the nanofiber stack structure.This new design of transparency visualization transforms composite film in response to humidity,innovates the electrically controlled smart windows on energy and realizes the effective utilization of natural resources such as water and humidity,which has a great application prospect in the field of flexible optoelectronic devices,intelligent buildings,and smart writing.展开更多
The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current wor...The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current world energy consumption.Thus,low-carbon clean technologies,like underground coal gasification(UCG),ought to play a vital role in energy supply and ensuring energy security in the foreseeable future.This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the world's development of UCG for enhanced hydrogen production.It is revealed that the world has an active interest in decarbonizing the coal industry for hydrogen-oriented research in the context of UCG.While research is ongoing in multiple coal-rich nations,China dominates the world's efforts in both industrial-scale UCG pilots and laboratory experiments.A variety of coal ranks were tested in UCG for enhanced hydrogen output,and the possibilities of linking UCG with other prospective technologies had been proposed and critically scrutinized.Moreover,it is found that transborder collaborations are in dire need to propel a faster commercialization of UCG in an ever-more carbon-conscious world.Furthermore,governmental and financial support is necessary to incentivize further UCG development for large-scale hydrogen production.展开更多
文摘目的:分析食管癌患者放疗期间预防性使用吡非尼酮对放射性肺炎的影响。方法:回顾性收集2017年11月至2020年1月于福建医科大学附属协和医院接受调强放疗(intensity-modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)的胸段食管癌患者资料,按是否使用吡非尼酮将患者分为吡非尼酮组和对照组,通过逆概率处理加权法(inverse probability of treatment weighting,IPTW)将各协变量在两组人群进行加权处理,分析两组人群2级及3级以上放射性肺炎的发生率。结果:共纳入170例符合要求的病例,其中吡非尼酮组40例,对照组130例。中位随访时间22.6个月,通过对年龄、吡非尼酮用药史、放疗剂量、双肺V_(5)及V_(20)等可能影响放射性肺炎发生的临床因素及肺体积剂量参数等进行IPTW法加权分析,加权后两组基线特征标准化均值差值下降99.72%,两组2级以上、3级以上放射性肺炎发生率分别为3.92%vs.14.73%(P=0.0007)及3.92%vs.10.99%(P=0.0141),差异均有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析发现吡非尼酮用药史(2级P=0.0017,3级P=0.0191)、年龄(2级P=0.0336,3级P=0.0028)、放疗剂量(2级P=0.0119,3级P=0.0031)均与2级和3级以上放射性肺炎相关。吡非尼酮组未发现明显的不良反应。结论:接受IMRT治疗食管癌患者,放疗期间同步使用吡非尼酮可有效降低2级及3级以上放射性肺炎的发生,安全性好,值得开展进一步临床研究证实。
基金funded by the General Project of Medical Technology of Military during the "12~(th) Five-Year Plan"Period, No. CWS11J00
文摘Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for preeclampsia-eclampsia. This study established a pregnant rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, in which blood plasma homocysteine concentrations were twice or three times greater than that of normal pregnant rats. TUNEL revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the frontal cortex of pregnant rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. In addition, immunohistochemical staining detected activated nuclear factor-KB-positve cells in the frontal cortex. Reverse transcription-PCR detected that mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 diminished in the frontal cortex. In situ hybridization and western blotting revealed that N-methyi-D- aspartate receptor 1 mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These results indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia can induce brain cell apoptosis, increase nerve excitability, and promote the occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnant rats.
基金funded by the Military Medical Science and Technology General Project during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period,No.CWS11J003
文摘Changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain play an important role in epilepsy-like attacks after pregnancy-induced preeclampsia-eclampsia. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 participates in the onset of lipid metabolism disorder-induced preeclampsia. Pregnant rats were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 days. Thus, these pregnant rats experienced preeclampsia-like syndromes such as hyper-tension and proteinuria. Simultaneously, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mRNA and protein ex-pressions were upregulated in the rat hippocampus. These findings indicate that increased expres-sion of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 promotes the occurrence of high-fat diet-induced pree-clampsia in pregnant rats.
基金Supported by the Fujian Medical University COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Research Contingency Key Project,No.2020YJ006the Science and Technology Program Guided Projects,Fujian Province,China,No.2020Y0036.
文摘BACKGROUND Based on the results of some large randomized controlled trials(RCTs)confirmed the efficacy of corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),corticosteroids have been included in World Health Organization guidelines,but remain controversial.AIM To investigate the efcacy and safety of low-to-moderate dose(30 to 40 mg/d)short-term methylprednisolone for COVID-19 patients.METHODS The clinical data of 70 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received antiviral therapy with Arbidol for 7-10 d before admission but had no obvious absorption on chest computed tomography(CT)imaging were retrospectively analyzed.Arbidol(as the control group)and methylprednisolone(as the corticosteroid group)were given respectively after admission.After treatment,chest CT was reexamined to evaluate the absorption of pulmonary lesions.Additionally,we evaluated and compared the lymphocyte count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleukin-6(IL-6),serum ferritin,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and D-dimer levels,and also analyzed the incidence of toxic and side effects.RESULTS All patients in the corticosteroid group had varying degrees of CT absorption,which was significantly better than that in the control group(CT obvious absorption rate:89.47%vs 12.5%,P<0.05).The average daily dose and course of methylprednisolone in the patients with significant improvement on chest CT was(38.55±13.17)mg and(6.44±1.86)d respectively.During the treatment,the lymphocyte count,ESR,IL-6,serum ferritin,LDH,CK-MB,hs-CRP and D-dimer levels all improved gradually,indicating that both Arbidol and methylprednisolone therapy were contributed to improving the condition of COVID-19 patients.The corticosteroid regimen did not prolong the clearance time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.There were no severe adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding,secondary severe infection,hypertension,diabetic ketoacidosis,mental disorders or electrolyte disorders during the whole corticosteroid treatment process.CONCLUSION Low-to-moderate dose short-term methylprednisolone can accelerate the chest CT imaging absorption of COVID-19 so as to improve symptoms and alleviate the condition in a short term,reduce the hospital stay,meanwhile avoid severe COVID-19 phases.The protocol has been proven to be effective and safe in clinical use.
基金support from the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the University of Calgary.
文摘On the backdrop of dwindling conventional reserves,unconventional reservoirs have emerged as a pivotal chapter in resource extraction.Despite their challenges,such as low permeability,complex fluid storage,and flow mechanisms,hydraulic fracturing technology has underpinned the development of unconventional reservoirs.Consequently,this has brought about a shift in the sequence of flow regimes,e.g.,the transient radial flow regime has been largely shortened by the lengthy transient linear flow regime due to the low permeability of unconventional reservoirs.Moreover,straight-line analysis(SLA),the simplest technique in rate transient analysis(RTA),is a fundamental and potent tool for swiftly extracting reservoir and hydraulic fracture information,estimating oil and gas reserves,and furnishing crucial initial data for subsequent historical matching processes.However,there is currently a dearth of review papers pertaining to a necessary guide of applying SLA in various transient linear flow(TLF)regimes and different unconventional reservoirs.Hence,this paper commences by elucidating the classification of TLF regimes,commonly used methods for recognizing flow regimes,and the diverse SLA methods used for different TLF regimes.Subsequently,it delves into a discussion of different modification techniques for variable rate/flowing pressure,gas phase,complex reservoir characteristics in unconventional reservoirs,and dynamic drainage area concepts etc.Furthermore,the application of SLA in specific domains,namely core analysis and the flowback period,is described.It culminates by surveying the advancements through an integration of novel technologies to enhance estimation accuracy.The paper also highlights certain drawbacks of current SLA technology and proposes new research directions.Ultimately,this paper would serve as an indispensable resource,offering foundational knowledge for the application of SLA in TLF to promote the production of global unconventional resources in a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable fashion in the face of a climate-resilient world.
基金supported by the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province,China(Nos.2016Y9028,2019Y9055 and 2020Y9090)Fujian provincial health technology project(No.2020CXB016)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01772)
文摘To the Editor:Tumor immunotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years.However,immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy may cause clinical symptoms of hyper-progressive disease(HPD),especially for patients with alterations or amplifications in driver genes,such as mouse double minute 2(MDM2),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and fibroblast growth factor 4(FGF4).Recently,Kamada et al[1]investigated the molecular mechanism of HPD to explore whether immune checkpoint inhibition caused HPD in patients in clinical trials.Ki67+effector regulatory T cells(eTregs)in HPD patients were found to be increased after PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment.Other studies have also found that immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of patients with HPD show obvious changes before and after treatment.[2]Tumor microenvironment changes in HPD imply the potential presence of unknown gene interactions that promote rapid growth of tumor cells after cancer immunotherapy.
文摘To the Editor: Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are opportunistic fungal infections that can lead to life-threatening complications.[1,2] Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare infection which is commonly confused with other lung diseases.[3] Co-infection with these three pathogens in the same host is rare. Here, we report a unique case of a cavitary lesion with aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and actinomycosis co-infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51873166 and 51873165)Science and Technology Innovation Major Projects of Hubei Province(No.2019AAA035)+2 种基金Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Projects(No.2018ZYYD057)Science and Technology Program of Wuhan Technology Bureau(No.2017060201010165)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0206101).
文摘As a new favorite in the field of smart materials,smart windows,with visual stimulus sensing functions,have attracted extensive attention for their high transparency,sensitive response to environmental stimulus,and reversible changes in light transmittance.In this paper,the PVA-coPE nanofiber film,which was completely opaque like paper,was used as filling phase and reacted with water-soluble N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(NVP)by photopolymerization to produce a flexible transparency polyvinyl pyrrolidone/spraying PVA-co-PE nanofiber films(PVP/SPNFs)composite film.Among them,the small size effect of PVA-coPE nanofibers played a pivotal role in improving the film's transparency.Nevertheless,the PVP's reversible adsorption-desorption behavior of water molecules made its refractive index change dynamically and reversibly,which led to the visual transition of composite film from transparent to opaque just like that of electronic smart windows.Additionally,the reversible transition rate of film's transparency can be effectively regulated by the nanofiber stack structure.This new design of transparency visualization transforms composite film in response to humidity,innovates the electrically controlled smart windows on energy and realizes the effective utilization of natural resources such as water and humidity,which has a great application prospect in the field of flexible optoelectronic devices,intelligent buildings,and smart writing.
基金funded by PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentThe support of Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,University of Calgary and Reservoir Simulation Group is gratefully acknowledged+1 种基金supported by NSERC/Energi Simulation,AITF(iCore),IBM Thomas J.Watson Research Center,and the Energi Simulation/Frank and Sarah Meyer Collaboration Centre for Visualization and Simulationsupport provided by WestGrid and Compute Canada Calcul Canada.
文摘The world is endowed with a tremendous amount of coal resources,which are unevenly distributed in a few nations.While sustainable energy resources are being developed and deployed,fossil fuels dominate the current world energy consumption.Thus,low-carbon clean technologies,like underground coal gasification(UCG),ought to play a vital role in energy supply and ensuring energy security in the foreseeable future.This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the world's development of UCG for enhanced hydrogen production.It is revealed that the world has an active interest in decarbonizing the coal industry for hydrogen-oriented research in the context of UCG.While research is ongoing in multiple coal-rich nations,China dominates the world's efforts in both industrial-scale UCG pilots and laboratory experiments.A variety of coal ranks were tested in UCG for enhanced hydrogen output,and the possibilities of linking UCG with other prospective technologies had been proposed and critically scrutinized.Moreover,it is found that transborder collaborations are in dire need to propel a faster commercialization of UCG in an ever-more carbon-conscious world.Furthermore,governmental and financial support is necessary to incentivize further UCG development for large-scale hydrogen production.
