Pulsar search is always the basis of pulsar navigation,gravitational wave detection and other research topics.Currently,the volume of pulsar candidates collected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Tele...Pulsar search is always the basis of pulsar navigation,gravitational wave detection and other research topics.Currently,the volume of pulsar candidates collected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)shows an explosive growth rate that has brought challenges for its pulsar candidate filtering system.Particularly,the multi-view heterogeneous data and class imbalance between true pulsars and non-pulsar candidates have negative effects on traditional single-modal supervised classification methods.In this study,a multi-modal and semi-supervised learning based on a pulsar candidate sifting algorithm is presented,which adopts a hybrid ensemble clustering scheme of density-based and partition-based methods combined with a feature-level fusion strategy for input data and a data partition strategy for parallelization.Experiments on both High Time Resolution Universe SurveyⅡ(HTRU2)and actual FAST observation data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could excellently identify pulsars:On HTRU2,the precision and recall rates of its parallel mode reach0.981 and 0.988 respectively.On FAST data,those of its parallel mode reach 0.891 and 0.961,meanwhile,the running time also significantly decreases with the increment of parallel nodes within limits.Thus,we can conclude that our algorithm could be a feasible idea for large scale pulsar candidate sifting for FAST drift scan observation.展开更多
AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract ...AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cervical myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by the formation of extramedullary soft tissue masses in the cervical region.Due to its uncommon presentation in the female repro...BACKGROUND Cervical myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by the formation of extramedullary soft tissue masses in the cervical region.Due to its uncommon presentation in the female reproductive system,cervical MS poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Consequently,there is a pressing need for more research and clinical experience to better understand,diagnose,and manage this condition effectively.CASE SUMMARY This report details four cases,the diagnostic process,treatment strategy,and outcomes,discussing cervical MS as an initial clinical manifestation.The disease exhibits varied clinical presentations,such as irregular vaginal bleeding and pa-lpation of cervical masses.The treatment approaches discussed include neoad-juvant chemotherapy,surgery,and postoperative chemotherapy,though mana-ging the disease remains challenging.The report also features a comprehensive literature review that underscores the importance of immunohistochemistry for accurate diagnosis,identifying key markers,including myeloperoxidase,cluster of differentiation(CD)68,and CD43,stressing the need for further research to improve treatment strategies and prognosis.CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies are essential.Further research is crucial in improving outcomes and developing effective treatment protocols.展开更多
AIM To examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) superimposed with hepatitis E virus(HEV).METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 228 patients with acute ...AIM To examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) superimposed with hepatitis E virus(HEV).METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 228 patients with acute HEV infection(showing clinical acute hepatitis symptomology and positivity for anti-HEV immunoglobulin M) with underlying CHB(confirmed by positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen and/or hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA over 6 mo) who had been admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, which represents the regional tertiary hospital for infectious diseases in Shanghai city, China. Data for adverse outcomes were collected, and included severe liver diseases(defined as liver failure and/or acute liver decompensation) and liver-related mortality. Logistic regression modeling was performed to determine the risk factors for adverse outcomes.RESULTS The symptoms caused by superimposed acute hepatitis E(AHE) were much more severe in cirrhotic patients(n = 94) than in non-cirrhotic patients(n = 134), as evidenced by significantly higher liver complications(77.7% vs 28.4%, P < 0.001) and mortality rate(21.3% vs 7.5%, P = 0.002). Most of the cirrhotic patients(n = 85, 90.4%) had no prior decompensation. Among the non-cirrhotic patients, superimposed AHE caused progressively more severe diseases that corresponded with the CHB disease stages, from immune tolerant to immune reactivation phases. Few risk factors were identified in the cirrhotic patients, but risk factors for non-cirrhotic patients were found to be intermediate HBV DNA levels(OR: 5.1, P = 0.012), alcohol consumption(OR: 6.4, P = 0.020), and underlying diabetes(OR: 7.5, P = 0.003) and kidney diseases(OR: 12.7, P = 0.005). Only 28.7% of the cirrhotic patients and 9.0% of the non-cirrhotic patients had received anti-HBV therapy previously and, in all cases, the efficacy had been suboptimal. CONCLUSION CHB-related cirrhosis and intermediate HBV DNA level were associated with severe disease in superinfected patients, and successful antiviral treatment might counter this outcome.展开更多
Various studies have reported that galanin can promote axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and inhibit neuropathic pain. However, little is known about its effects on diabetic peripheral neuro...Various studies have reported that galanin can promote axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and inhibit neuropathic pain. However, little is known about its effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and in vivo experimental data are lacking. We hypothesized that repeated applications of exogenous galanin over an extended time frame may also repair nerve damage in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and relieve pain in vivo. We found that neuropathic pain occurred in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and was more severe after sciatic nerve pinch injury at 14 and 28 days than in diabetic sham-operated rats. Treatment with exogenous galanin alleviated the neuropathic pain and promoted sciatic nerve regeneration more effectively in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats after sciatic nerve pinch injury. This was accompanied by changes in the levels of endogenous galanin, and its receptors galanin receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 in the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal dorsal horn when compared with nerve pinch normal rats. Our results show that application of exogenous galanin daily for 28 days can promote the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves, and alleviate neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.展开更多
The genus-level recognition of monophyletic short-legged toads(Brachytarsophrys)has been recently implicated in the taxonomic debate of Megophrys sensu lato.In the present study,Brachytarsophrys is reasonably regarded...The genus-level recognition of monophyletic short-legged toads(Brachytarsophrys)has been recently implicated in the taxonomic debate of Megophrys sensu lato.In the present study,Brachytarsophrys is reasonably regarded as a distinct genus based on significant morphological differentiations and recent molecular analyses.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of this genus is performed,with two species groups proposed based on morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships.Particularly,Brachytarsophrys platyparietus is removed as a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense and considered a valid species due to significant genetic divergence and distinct morphological differences.In addition,a new species,Brachytarsophrys orientalis sp.nov.,is described based on a series of specimens collected from southeastern China.This work takes the member species of the genus Brachytarsophrys to seven,suggesting that the diversity of Brachytarsophrys is underestimated.In addition,the genus levels of other monophyletic groups within the subfamily Megophryinae are discussed.展开更多
Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to...Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to their excellent performance properties, such as high melting point, high specific strength and stiffness, and good corrosion resistance. However, the low fracture toughness of Al3Ti alloys at room temperature has greatly limited their application, and fiber or particle reinforcement has not shown a significant toughening effect. Research into the reinforcing effects of the interface and near-interface zone on the fracture behavior of Al3Ti is lacking. Ti/Al3Ti metal/intermetallic laminate composite was synthesized from titanium and aluminum foils using vacuum hot-pressed sintering technology. The microstructure of the prepared material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Results illustrate that both Ti and Al3Ti were single-phase and there was a noticeable stress concentration on the interface. To obtain indentation and cracks, loads were applied to different locations of the composite by a microhardness tester. The growth path of the cracks was then observed under microscope, showing that crack propagation was prevented by the interface between the Ti and Al3Ti layers, and the cracks that propagated parallel to the laminate shifted to the interface. Fracture toughness of the different areas, including Al3Ti layers, interface, and near-interface zone, were measured by the indentation fracture method. The fracture toughness at and near the interface was 1.7 and 2 times that of the Al3Ti layers, respectively. Results indicate that crack blunting and crack front convolution by the laminate structure was primarily responsible for increased toughness.展开更多
Following the publication of our paper(Li et al.,2020),it has come to our attention that,due to our oversight,the contributions of some colleagues were not reflected in the"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"section.Hereby,we...Following the publication of our paper(Li et al.,2020),it has come to our attention that,due to our oversight,the contributions of some colleagues were not reflected in the"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"section.Hereby,we wish to add the following to the"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"section as a correction:"We especially thank Dr.Chatmongkon Suwannapoom and Dr.Jing Che for providing the tissue collections in Thailand.Their specimen collection protocols were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Animal Experimentation,University of Phayao(certificate number UP-AE59-01-04-0022).展开更多
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset primary open-angle glaucoma(JOAG),characterized by severe elevation of intraocular pressure and optic neuropathy prior to the age of 40,is a rare subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma.Severa...BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset primary open-angle glaucoma(JOAG),characterized by severe elevation of intraocular pressure and optic neuropathy prior to the age of 40,is a rare subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma.Several genetic mutations have been associated with JOAG.CASE SUMMARY The proband patient was a young male,diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma at the age of 27.The patient and his unaffected parents who have been excluded from classic genetic mutations for primary open-angle glaucoma were included to explore for other possible genetic variants through whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.In this trio,we found two heterozygous variants inherited from the parents in the proband:c.281G>A,p.Arg94His in OLFM2 and c.177C>G,p.Ile59Met in SIX6.Both genetic mutations are predicted through bioinformatics analysis to replace evolutionary conserved amino acids,therefore rendering a pathogenic effect on proteins.In contrast,very low frequencies for these genetic mutations were recorded in most common control databases.CONCLUSION This is the first report on coinherited mutations of OLFM2 and SIX6 in a JOAG family,which shows the complexity of JOAG inheritance.Large-scale clinical screening and molecular functional investigations on these coinherited mutations are imperative to improve our understanding of the development of JOAG.展开更多
The Al3Ti compound has potential application in the high temperature structure materials due to its low density,high strength and stiffness.The mechanical behaviors of the material under different loading rates were s...The Al3Ti compound has potential application in the high temperature structure materials due to its low density,high strength and stiffness.The mechanical behaviors of the material under different loading rates were studied using compression tests.The results indicate that Al3Ti is a typical brittle material and its compressive strength is dependent on the strain rate.Therefore,a series of rate-dependent constitutive equations are needed to describe its mechanical behaviors accurately.However,it is still short of professional research on the material model for Al3Ti.In this study,the mate rial model was developed on the basis of JH-2 constitutive equations using the experimental data.The model was then applied in simulating the impact process of Ti/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites so as to validate the established model.Good agreement between simulation and experiment results shows the constitutive model predict the material responses under high rate and large deformation accurately.This work provides more support for the theoretical and numerical research on the intermetallic.展开更多
AIM:To introduce a simple resistance controlled suprachoroidal space(SCS)injection technique using a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of this tec...AIM:To introduce a simple resistance controlled suprachoroidal space(SCS)injection technique using a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of this technique in the treatment of macular edema.METHODS:A total of 20 patients with various types of macular edema were subjected to a resistance controlled SCS injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe.This technique allows the easy and smooth injection of the TA only once the tip of the needle reached the potential SCS which was indicated by the lower resistance on the plunger.The main outcome measures were anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)measurements post-operation immediately and central subfield thickness(CST),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and intraocular pressure(IOP)measurements at 3mo postoperation.RESULTS:AS-OCT examination showed the expansion of the SCS near the injection site immediately after SCS injection.At three months of follow-up,as compared to the baseline,the mean CST was significantly decreased from 535.0±157.24 to 319.55±127.30μm(P<0.001),the mean BCVA was significantly improved from 1.05±0.41 to 0.73±0.41 log MAR(P<0.001),and the mean IOP was not significantly different,from 15.05±2.54 to 15.85±3.60 mm Hg(P=0.185).Any complication related to the injection procedure including cataract,choroidal and retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,or endophthalmitis was not observed in this study.CONCLUSION:The simple and minimally invasive technique of SCS injection of TA with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe is useful and applicable for macular edema.展开更多
In insects,the odorant receptor(OR)multigene family evolves by the birth-and-death evolutionary model,according to which the OR repertoire of each species has undergone specific gene gains and losses depending on thei...In insects,the odorant receptor(OR)multigene family evolves by the birth-and-death evolutionary model,according to which the OR repertoire of each species has undergone specific gene gains and losses depending on their chemical environment,resulting in taxon-specific OR lineage radiations with different sizes in the phylogenetic trees.Despite the general divergence in the gene family across different insect orders,the ORs in moths seem to be genetically conserved across species,clustered into 23 major clades containing multiple orthologous groups with single-copy gene from each species.We hypothesized that ORs in these orthologous groups are tuned to ecologically important compounds and functionally conserved.cis-Jasmone is one of the compounds that not only primes the plant defense of neighboring receiver plants,but also functions as a behavior regulator to various insects.To test our hypothesis,using Xenopus oocyte recordings,we functionally assayed the orthologues of BmorOR56,which has been characterized as a specific receptor for cis-jasmone.Our results showed highly conserved response specificity of the BmorOR56 orthologues,with all receptors within this group exclusively responding to cis-jasmone.This is supported by the dN/dS analysis,showing that strong purifying selection is acting on this group.Moreover,molecular docking showed that the ligand binding pockets of BmorOR56 orthologues to cis-jasmone are similar.Taken together,our results suggest the high conservation of OR for ecologically important compounds across Heterocera.展开更多
Development of practical and versatile electrophilic difluoromethylating reagent is still a grand challenge so far due to its inherent instability or low reactivity.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of difluor...Development of practical and versatile electrophilic difluoromethylating reagent is still a grand challenge so far due to its inherent instability or low reactivity.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of difluoromethyl phenoxathiinium tetrafluoroborate(PT-CF_(2)H^(+)BF_(4)^(-)) as a novel difluoromethylating reagent,which proves to be a bench-stable,general,powerful and versatile reagent with divergent·CF_(2)H,CF_(2)H^(+),and:CF_(2) reactivities.Making use of this reagent,we demonstrated a vast array of difluoromethyl radical transfer reactions via diverse pathways involving photocatalyst-free visible-light induction,visible-light photoredox catalysis and visible-light mediation single electron transfer of EDA complex.Moreover,the green and highly effective CF_(2)H^(+) and:CF_(2) transfer reactions were also readily accomplished.展开更多
The composite propeller has attracted much interest due to its excellent mechanical properties such as high specific stiffness and high specific strength,hence there is an increasing interest in utilizing the composit...The composite propeller has attracted much interest due to its excellent mechanical properties such as high specific stiffness and high specific strength,hence there is an increasing interest in utilizing the composite materials to improve the hydrodynamic and structural performance of marine propellers.The objective of this paper is to study the cavitation performance of composite propellers based on the unsteady simulation method considering the cavitation-composite structure interaction.The typical cavitation patterns around the composite propeller are studied,which include blade sheet cavitation and tip vortex cavitation.The unsteady flow characteristics of tip vortex cavitation and structural dynamic response of composite propeller are studied,and the mechanism of composite propeller for the cavitation suppression and efficiency improvement is revealed.The results show that compared with rigid propellers,composite propellers have smaller cavity volume and higher propulsion efficiency under the same conditions.The unsteady cavitating flow characteristics under non-uniform wake are periodic,and the phase lag of hydrodynamic coefficients of composite propeller can be observed compared with that of the rigid propeller.The bending-torsional coupling deformation of the composite propeller makes the pressure pulsation of the flow field gentler,which reduces the influence of the cavitation load on the composite propeller.展开更多
Objective:Omicron,a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant,is responsible for numerous infections in China.This study investigates the association between the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea(S...Objective:Omicron,a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant,is responsible for numerous infections in China.This study investigates the association between the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea(SFHT)and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to develop precise and differentiated strategies for control of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:This case-control study was conducted at shelter hospitals and quarantine hotels in China.A total of 5348 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled between April 1 and May 31,2022,while 2190 uninfected individuals served as healthy controls.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics,underlying diseases,vaccination status,and use of SFHT.Patients were propensity-score-matched using 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching of the logit of the propensity score.Subsequently,a conditional logistic regression model was used for data analysis.Results:Overall,7538 eligible subjects were recruited,with an average age of[45.54±16.94]years.The age of COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than that of uninfected individuals([48.25±17.48]years vs[38.92±13.41]years;t=22.437,P<0.001).A total of 2190 COVID-19 cases were matched with uninfected individuals at a 1:1 ratio.The use of SFHT(odds ratio=0.753,95%confidence interval:0.692,0.820)was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to untreated individuals.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that taking SFHT reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.This is a useful study in the larger picture of COVID-19 management,but data from large-sample multi-center,randomized clinical trial are warranted to confirm the finding.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors.Genome-wide association combined with clonal lineage tracing and clinical trials have demonstrated that ...Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors.Genome-wide association combined with clonal lineage tracing and clinical trials have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune responses can promote or quell atherosclerosis.Several signaling pathways,that are associated with the inflammatory response,have been implicated within atherosclerosis such as NLRP3 inflammasome,toll-like receptors,proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.展开更多
Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD) using diaphragm electromyography through an invasive transesophageal multi?electrode catheter can be used as a feasible clinical physiological parameter in patients with chro...Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD) using diaphragm electromyography through an invasive transesophageal multi?electrode catheter can be used as a feasible clinical physiological parameter in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide useful information on the treatment response. However, it remains unknown whether the surface diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) could be used to identify the deterioration of clinical symptoms and to predict the necessity of hospitalization in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. Methods: COPD patients visiting the outpatient department due to acute exacerbation were enrolled in this study. All patients who were subjected to EMGdi and classical parameters such as spirometry parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and the modified early warning score (MEWS) in outpatient department, would be treated effectively in the outpatient or inpatient settings according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline. When the acute exacerbation of the patients was managed, all the examination above would be repeated. Results: We compared the relationships of admission?to?discharge changes (Δ) in the normalized value of the EMGdi, including the change of the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔEMGdi%max) and the change of the ratio of minute ventilation to the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔVE/EMGdi%max) with the changes of classical parameters. There was a significant positive association between ΔEMGdi%max and ΔCAT,ΔPaCO2, and ΔpH. The change (Δ) of EMGdi%max was negatively correlated with ΔPaO2/FiO2 in the course of the treatment of AECOPD. Compared with the classical parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, MEWS, PaO2/FiO2, the EMGdi%max (odds ratio 1.143, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.300) has a higher sensitivity when detecting the early exacerbation and enables to predict the admission of hospital in the whole cohort. Conclusions: The changes of surface EMGdi parameters had a direct correlation with classical measures in the whole cohort of AECOPD. The measurement of NRD by surface EMGdi represents a practical physiological biomarker, which may be helpful in detecting patients who should be hospitalized timely.展开更多
Clinical ophthalmologists consider each retinal disease as a completely unique entity.However,various retinal diseases,such as uveitis,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and primary open-angle glauc...Clinical ophthalmologists consider each retinal disease as a completely unique entity.However,various retinal diseases,such as uveitis,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and primary open-angle glaucoma,share a number of common pathogenetic pathways.Whether a retinal disease initiates from direct injury to the blood-retinal barrier(BRB)or a defect/injury to retinal neurons or glia that impairs the BRB secondarily,the BRB is a pivotal point in determining the prognosis as self-limiting and recovering,or developing and progressing to a clinical phenotype.The present review summarizes our current knowledge on the physiology and cellular and molecular pathology of the BRB,which underlies its pivotal role in the initiation and development of common retinal diseases.展开更多
Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common public health problem worldwide.Recent studies have reported that socioeconomic status(SES)is related to the incidence of COPD.This study aimed to inve...Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common public health problem worldwide.Recent studies have reported that socioeconomic status(SES)is related to the incidence of COPD.This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and COPD among adults in Jiangsu province,China,and to determine the possible direct and indirect effects of SES on the morbidity of COPD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 40 years and above between May and December of 2015 in Jiangsu province,China.Participants were selected using a multistage sampling approach.COPD,the outcome variable,was diagnosed by physicians based on spirometry,respiratory symptoms,and risk factors.Education,occupation,and monthly family average income(FAI)were used to separately indicate SES as the explanatory variable.Mixed-effects logistic regression models were introduced to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for examining the SES-COPD relationship.A pathway analysis was conducted to further explore the pulmonary function impairment of patients with different SES.Results:The mean age of the 2421 participants was 56.63±9.62 years.The prevalence of COPD was 11.8%(95%CI:10.5%–13.1%)among the overall sample population.After adjustment for age,gender,residence,outdoor and indoor air pollution,body weight status,cigarette smoking,and potential study area-level clustering effects,educational attainment was negatively associated with COPD prevalence in men;white collars were at lower risk(OR:0.60,95%CI:0.43–0.83)of experiencing COPD than blue collars;compared with those within the lower FAI subgroup,participants in the upper(OR:0.68,95%CI:0.49–0.97)tertiles were less likely to experience COPD.Such negative associations between all these three SES indicators and COPD were significant among men only.Education,FAI,and occupation had direct or indirect effects on pulmonary function including post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),FEV1,FVC,and FEV1 percentage of predicted.Education,FAI,and occupation had indirect effects on pulmonary function indices of all participants mainly through smoking status,indoor air pollution,and outdoor air pollution.We also found that occupation could affect post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC through body mass index.Conclusions:Education,occupation,and FAI had an adverse relationship with COPD prevalence in Jiangsu province,China.SES has both direct and indirect associations with pulmonary function impairment.SES is of great significance for COPD morbidity.It is important that population-based COPD prevention strategies should be tailored for people with different SES.展开更多
To the Editor: Posner-Schlossmann syndrome (PSS), also known as glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is characterized by acute, unilateral, recurrent attacks of ocular hypertension, mild non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (AU),...To the Editor: Posner-Schlossmann syndrome (PSS), also known as glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is characterized by acute, unilateral, recurrent attacks of ocular hypertension, mild non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (AU), and spontaneous recovery. However, the etiology of this disease is unknown. Many mechanisms have been proposed including viral infection, autoimmune, autonomic dysregulation, allergic conditions and vascular endothelial dysfunction.[1] Topical anti-hypertensives and anti-inflammatory medications are typically prescribed to combat this disease. Repeated attacks may lead to longterm glaucomatous optic nerve damage over 5–10 years after the first episode. Because the pathophysiology is not completely understood, treatment and prevention of recurrences has proven to be difficult.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0133700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12273008,11963003,12273007 and 62062025)+4 种基金the National SKA Program of China(No.2020SKA0110300)the Guizhou Province Science and Technology Support Program(General Project)No.Qianhe Support[2023]General 333,Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Key Program,No.[2019]1432)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Nos.ZK[2022]143 and ZK[2022]304)the Cultivation project of Guizhou University(No.[2020]76)。
文摘Pulsar search is always the basis of pulsar navigation,gravitational wave detection and other research topics.Currently,the volume of pulsar candidates collected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)shows an explosive growth rate that has brought challenges for its pulsar candidate filtering system.Particularly,the multi-view heterogeneous data and class imbalance between true pulsars and non-pulsar candidates have negative effects on traditional single-modal supervised classification methods.In this study,a multi-modal and semi-supervised learning based on a pulsar candidate sifting algorithm is presented,which adopts a hybrid ensemble clustering scheme of density-based and partition-based methods combined with a feature-level fusion strategy for input data and a data partition strategy for parallelization.Experiments on both High Time Resolution Universe SurveyⅡ(HTRU2)and actual FAST observation data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could excellently identify pulsars:On HTRU2,the precision and recall rates of its parallel mode reach0.981 and 0.988 respectively.On FAST data,those of its parallel mode reach 0.891 and 0.961,meanwhile,the running time also significantly decreases with the increment of parallel nodes within limits.Thus,we can conclude that our algorithm could be a feasible idea for large scale pulsar candidate sifting for FAST drift scan observation.
基金Supported by Tianjin Higher Education Commission Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2022ZD057)Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission Science and Technology Project(No.2022BWKZ003)+4 种基金Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Function and Disease Open Project(No.2021tjswmm002)Tianjin Health Researh(No.TJWJ2023ZD002)General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2020D01A06)Special Fund for Youth of Clinical Research Center in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital(No.2020QN02)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-037A)。
文摘AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.
文摘BACKGROUND Cervical myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematological malignancy characterized by the formation of extramedullary soft tissue masses in the cervical region.Due to its uncommon presentation in the female reproductive system,cervical MS poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Consequently,there is a pressing need for more research and clinical experience to better understand,diagnose,and manage this condition effectively.CASE SUMMARY This report details four cases,the diagnostic process,treatment strategy,and outcomes,discussing cervical MS as an initial clinical manifestation.The disease exhibits varied clinical presentations,such as irregular vaginal bleeding and pa-lpation of cervical masses.The treatment approaches discussed include neoad-juvant chemotherapy,surgery,and postoperative chemotherapy,though mana-ging the disease remains challenging.The report also features a comprehensive literature review that underscores the importance of immunohistochemistry for accurate diagnosis,identifying key markers,including myeloperoxidase,cluster of differentiation(CD)68,and CD43,stressing the need for further research to improve treatment strategies and prognosis.CONCLUSION Immunohistochemical diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies are essential.Further research is crucial in improving outcomes and developing effective treatment protocols.
基金Supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program),No.2015CB554300(to Zhang SY)the Joint Research Program for Emerging Frontier Technology in the Municipal Hospital of Shanghai,China,No.SHDC12015129
文摘AIM To examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) superimposed with hepatitis E virus(HEV).METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 228 patients with acute HEV infection(showing clinical acute hepatitis symptomology and positivity for anti-HEV immunoglobulin M) with underlying CHB(confirmed by positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen and/or hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA over 6 mo) who had been admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, which represents the regional tertiary hospital for infectious diseases in Shanghai city, China. Data for adverse outcomes were collected, and included severe liver diseases(defined as liver failure and/or acute liver decompensation) and liver-related mortality. Logistic regression modeling was performed to determine the risk factors for adverse outcomes.RESULTS The symptoms caused by superimposed acute hepatitis E(AHE) were much more severe in cirrhotic patients(n = 94) than in non-cirrhotic patients(n = 134), as evidenced by significantly higher liver complications(77.7% vs 28.4%, P < 0.001) and mortality rate(21.3% vs 7.5%, P = 0.002). Most of the cirrhotic patients(n = 85, 90.4%) had no prior decompensation. Among the non-cirrhotic patients, superimposed AHE caused progressively more severe diseases that corresponded with the CHB disease stages, from immune tolerant to immune reactivation phases. Few risk factors were identified in the cirrhotic patients, but risk factors for non-cirrhotic patients were found to be intermediate HBV DNA levels(OR: 5.1, P = 0.012), alcohol consumption(OR: 6.4, P = 0.020), and underlying diabetes(OR: 7.5, P = 0.003) and kidney diseases(OR: 12.7, P = 0.005). Only 28.7% of the cirrhotic patients and 9.0% of the non-cirrhotic patients had received anti-HBV therapy previously and, in all cases, the efficacy had been suboptimal. CONCLUSION CHB-related cirrhosis and intermediate HBV DNA level were associated with severe disease in superinfected patients, and successful antiviral treatment might counter this outcome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31440047the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province in China,No.2015A030310152
文摘Various studies have reported that galanin can promote axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and inhibit neuropathic pain. However, little is known about its effects on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and in vivo experimental data are lacking. We hypothesized that repeated applications of exogenous galanin over an extended time frame may also repair nerve damage in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and relieve pain in vivo. We found that neuropathic pain occurred in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and was more severe after sciatic nerve pinch injury at 14 and 28 days than in diabetic sham-operated rats. Treatment with exogenous galanin alleviated the neuropathic pain and promoted sciatic nerve regeneration more effectively in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats after sciatic nerve pinch injury. This was accompanied by changes in the levels of endogenous galanin, and its receptors galanin receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 in the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal dorsal horn when compared with nerve pinch normal rats. Our results show that application of exogenous galanin daily for 28 days can promote the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves, and alleviate neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.
基金supported by the Project of Comprehensive Scientific Survey of Luoxiao Mountains Region of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2013FY111500)Specimen Platform of Ministry of Science and Technology,China,teaching specimens sub-platform(2005DKA21403-JK)+1 种基金Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)Project of Scientific Investigation on Amphibian,Reptilian and Avian Animals in Jiangxi Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve。
文摘The genus-level recognition of monophyletic short-legged toads(Brachytarsophrys)has been recently implicated in the taxonomic debate of Megophrys sensu lato.In the present study,Brachytarsophrys is reasonably regarded as a distinct genus based on significant morphological differentiations and recent molecular analyses.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of this genus is performed,with two species groups proposed based on morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships.Particularly,Brachytarsophrys platyparietus is removed as a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense and considered a valid species due to significant genetic divergence and distinct morphological differences.In addition,a new species,Brachytarsophrys orientalis sp.nov.,is described based on a series of specimens collected from southeastern China.This work takes the member species of the genus Brachytarsophrys to seven,suggesting that the diversity of Brachytarsophrys is underestimated.In addition,the genus levels of other monophyletic groups within the subfamily Megophryinae are discussed.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11602230)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in University of Henan Province(No.18IRTSTHN015)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Projects of University in Henan Province(No.20B430021)the Young talent promotion project of Henan Province(No.2019HYTP002).
文摘Metal/intermetallic laminate composites can improve the mechanical properties of intermetallic materials using metal layers. In recent years, titanium aluminide intermetallics have received increasing attention due to their excellent performance properties, such as high melting point, high specific strength and stiffness, and good corrosion resistance. However, the low fracture toughness of Al3Ti alloys at room temperature has greatly limited their application, and fiber or particle reinforcement has not shown a significant toughening effect. Research into the reinforcing effects of the interface and near-interface zone on the fracture behavior of Al3Ti is lacking. Ti/Al3Ti metal/intermetallic laminate composite was synthesized from titanium and aluminum foils using vacuum hot-pressed sintering technology. The microstructure of the prepared material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction. Results illustrate that both Ti and Al3Ti were single-phase and there was a noticeable stress concentration on the interface. To obtain indentation and cracks, loads were applied to different locations of the composite by a microhardness tester. The growth path of the cracks was then observed under microscope, showing that crack propagation was prevented by the interface between the Ti and Al3Ti layers, and the cracks that propagated parallel to the laminate shifted to the interface. Fracture toughness of the different areas, including Al3Ti layers, interface, and near-interface zone, were measured by the indentation fracture method. The fracture toughness at and near the interface was 1.7 and 2 times that of the Al3Ti layers, respectively. Results indicate that crack blunting and crack front convolution by the laminate structure was primarily responsible for increased toughness.
基金supported by the Project of Comprehensive Scientific Survey of Luoxiao Mountains Region of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2013FY111500)Specimen Platform of Ministry of Science and Technology,China,teaching specimens sub-platform(2005DKA21403-JK)+1 种基金Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)Project of Scientific Investigation on Amphibian,Reptilian and Avian Animals in Jiangxi Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve
文摘Following the publication of our paper(Li et al.,2020),it has come to our attention that,due to our oversight,the contributions of some colleagues were not reflected in the"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"section.Hereby,we wish to add the following to the"ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"section as a correction:"We especially thank Dr.Chatmongkon Suwannapoom and Dr.Jing Che for providing the tissue collections in Thailand.Their specimen collection protocols were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Animal Experimentation,University of Phayao(certificate number UP-AE59-01-04-0022).
基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,No.201803040020 and 201903010065the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2020A1515010168and the Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,No.PT1001022.
文摘BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset primary open-angle glaucoma(JOAG),characterized by severe elevation of intraocular pressure and optic neuropathy prior to the age of 40,is a rare subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma.Several genetic mutations have been associated with JOAG.CASE SUMMARY The proband patient was a young male,diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma at the age of 27.The patient and his unaffected parents who have been excluded from classic genetic mutations for primary open-angle glaucoma were included to explore for other possible genetic variants through whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.In this trio,we found two heterozygous variants inherited from the parents in the proband:c.281G>A,p.Arg94His in OLFM2 and c.177C>G,p.Ile59Met in SIX6.Both genetic mutations are predicted through bioinformatics analysis to replace evolutionary conserved amino acids,therefore rendering a pathogenic effect on proteins.In contrast,very low frequencies for these genetic mutations were recorded in most common control databases.CONCLUSION This is the first report on coinherited mutations of OLFM2 and SIX6 in a JOAG family,which shows the complexity of JOAG inheritance.Large-scale clinical screening and molecular functional investigations on these coinherited mutations are imperative to improve our understanding of the development of JOAG.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11602230)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province(No.18IRTSTHN015)Key Scientific Projects of University in Henan Province(20B430021).
文摘The Al3Ti compound has potential application in the high temperature structure materials due to its low density,high strength and stiffness.The mechanical behaviors of the material under different loading rates were studied using compression tests.The results indicate that Al3Ti is a typical brittle material and its compressive strength is dependent on the strain rate.Therefore,a series of rate-dependent constitutive equations are needed to describe its mechanical behaviors accurately.However,it is still short of professional research on the material model for Al3Ti.In this study,the mate rial model was developed on the basis of JH-2 constitutive equations using the experimental data.The model was then applied in simulating the impact process of Ti/Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites so as to validate the established model.Good agreement between simulation and experiment results shows the constitutive model predict the material responses under high rate and large deformation accurately.This work provides more support for the theoretical and numerical research on the intermetallic.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82101179)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1422900)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(No.17DZ2260100)。
文摘AIM:To introduce a simple resistance controlled suprachoroidal space(SCS)injection technique using a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of this technique in the treatment of macular edema.METHODS:A total of 20 patients with various types of macular edema were subjected to a resistance controlled SCS injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe.This technique allows the easy and smooth injection of the TA only once the tip of the needle reached the potential SCS which was indicated by the lower resistance on the plunger.The main outcome measures were anterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)measurements post-operation immediately and central subfield thickness(CST),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and intraocular pressure(IOP)measurements at 3mo postoperation.RESULTS:AS-OCT examination showed the expansion of the SCS near the injection site immediately after SCS injection.At three months of follow-up,as compared to the baseline,the mean CST was significantly decreased from 535.0±157.24 to 319.55±127.30μm(P<0.001),the mean BCVA was significantly improved from 1.05±0.41 to 0.73±0.41 log MAR(P<0.001),and the mean IOP was not significantly different,from 15.05±2.54 to 15.85±3.60 mm Hg(P=0.185).Any complication related to the injection procedure including cataract,choroidal and retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,or endophthalmitis was not observed in this study.CONCLUSION:The simple and minimally invasive technique of SCS injection of TA with a disposable 30-gauge needle connected to a 1 m L syringe is useful and applicable for macular edema.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202307,32130089)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20180411143628272)+1 种基金Special Funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(Grant No.PT202101-02)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703548).
文摘In insects,the odorant receptor(OR)multigene family evolves by the birth-and-death evolutionary model,according to which the OR repertoire of each species has undergone specific gene gains and losses depending on their chemical environment,resulting in taxon-specific OR lineage radiations with different sizes in the phylogenetic trees.Despite the general divergence in the gene family across different insect orders,the ORs in moths seem to be genetically conserved across species,clustered into 23 major clades containing multiple orthologous groups with single-copy gene from each species.We hypothesized that ORs in these orthologous groups are tuned to ecologically important compounds and functionally conserved.cis-Jasmone is one of the compounds that not only primes the plant defense of neighboring receiver plants,but also functions as a behavior regulator to various insects.To test our hypothesis,using Xenopus oocyte recordings,we functionally assayed the orthologues of BmorOR56,which has been characterized as a specific receptor for cis-jasmone.Our results showed highly conserved response specificity of the BmorOR56 orthologues,with all receptors within this group exclusively responding to cis-jasmone.This is supported by the dN/dS analysis,showing that strong purifying selection is acting on this group.Moreover,molecular docking showed that the ligand binding pockets of BmorOR56 orthologues to cis-jasmone are similar.Taken together,our results suggest the high conservation of OR for ecologically important compounds across Heterocera.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92056201)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011008)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(the Stable Support Plan Program 20220808130958001)。
文摘Development of practical and versatile electrophilic difluoromethylating reagent is still a grand challenge so far due to its inherent instability or low reactivity.Herein,we report the design and synthesis of difluoromethyl phenoxathiinium tetrafluoroborate(PT-CF_(2)H^(+)BF_(4)^(-)) as a novel difluoromethylating reagent,which proves to be a bench-stable,general,powerful and versatile reagent with divergent·CF_(2)H,CF_(2)H^(+),and:CF_(2) reactivities.Making use of this reagent,we demonstrated a vast array of difluoromethyl radical transfer reactions via diverse pathways involving photocatalyst-free visible-light induction,visible-light photoredox catalysis and visible-light mediation single electron transfer of EDA complex.Moreover,the green and highly effective CF_(2)H^(+) and:CF_(2) transfer reactions were also readily accomplished.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51839001).
文摘The composite propeller has attracted much interest due to its excellent mechanical properties such as high specific stiffness and high specific strength,hence there is an increasing interest in utilizing the composite materials to improve the hydrodynamic and structural performance of marine propellers.The objective of this paper is to study the cavitation performance of composite propellers based on the unsteady simulation method considering the cavitation-composite structure interaction.The typical cavitation patterns around the composite propeller are studied,which include blade sheet cavitation and tip vortex cavitation.The unsteady flow characteristics of tip vortex cavitation and structural dynamic response of composite propeller are studied,and the mechanism of composite propeller for the cavitation suppression and efficiency improvement is revealed.The results show that compared with rigid propellers,composite propellers have smaller cavity volume and higher propulsion efficiency under the same conditions.The unsteady cavitating flow characteristics under non-uniform wake are periodic,and the phase lag of hydrodynamic coefficients of composite propeller can be observed compared with that of the rigid propeller.The bending-torsional coupling deformation of the composite propeller makes the pressure pulsation of the flow field gentler,which reduces the influence of the cavitation load on the composite propeller.
基金supported by the fund of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment from Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. XGYJKY2022-09 and No. 2022ZYLCYJ05-10)the Threeyear Action Plan for Promoting Clinical Skills and Innovation Ability of Municipal Hospitals (No. SHDC2022CRS039)+2 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No.23ZR1464000 and No.23ZR1463900)Medical Innovation Research Special Project of the Shanghai ‘‘Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”(No.21Y11922500 and No.21Y11922400)the Talent Fund of Longhua Hospital (No. LH001.007)
文摘Objective:Omicron,a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant,is responsible for numerous infections in China.This study investigates the association between the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea(SFHT)and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to develop precise and differentiated strategies for control of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:This case-control study was conducted at shelter hospitals and quarantine hotels in China.A total of 5348 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled between April 1 and May 31,2022,while 2190 uninfected individuals served as healthy controls.Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics,underlying diseases,vaccination status,and use of SFHT.Patients were propensity-score-matched using 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching of the logit of the propensity score.Subsequently,a conditional logistic regression model was used for data analysis.Results:Overall,7538 eligible subjects were recruited,with an average age of[45.54±16.94]years.The age of COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than that of uninfected individuals([48.25±17.48]years vs[38.92±13.41]years;t=22.437,P<0.001).A total of 2190 COVID-19 cases were matched with uninfected individuals at a 1:1 ratio.The use of SFHT(odds ratio=0.753,95%confidence interval:0.692,0.820)was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to untreated individuals.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that taking SFHT reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.This is a useful study in the larger picture of COVID-19 management,but data from large-sample multi-center,randomized clinical trial are warranted to confirm the finding.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91739301,91849102)the Key Natural Science Foundation Projects of Hebei Province(H2019206028)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2021206006)Natural Science Youth Fund of Hebei Province Education Department(QN2020167).
文摘Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease driven by traditional and nontraditional risk factors.Genome-wide association combined with clonal lineage tracing and clinical trials have demonstrated that innate and adaptive immune responses can promote or quell atherosclerosis.Several signaling pathways,that are associated with the inflammatory response,have been implicated within atherosclerosis such as NLRP3 inflammasome,toll-like receptors,proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81470273)Chinical Medicine Science and Technology Special Project of Jiangsu Province (No.BL2014083)Science and Technology Plan Project of Nanjing (No.201803064).
文摘Background: Neural respiratory drive (NRD) using diaphragm electromyography through an invasive transesophageal multi?electrode catheter can be used as a feasible clinical physiological parameter in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide useful information on the treatment response. However, it remains unknown whether the surface diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) could be used to identify the deterioration of clinical symptoms and to predict the necessity of hospitalization in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients. Methods: COPD patients visiting the outpatient department due to acute exacerbation were enrolled in this study. All patients who were subjected to EMGdi and classical parameters such as spirometry parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and the modified early warning score (MEWS) in outpatient department, would be treated effectively in the outpatient or inpatient settings according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guideline. When the acute exacerbation of the patients was managed, all the examination above would be repeated. Results: We compared the relationships of admission?to?discharge changes (Δ) in the normalized value of the EMGdi, including the change of the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔEMGdi%max) and the change of the ratio of minute ventilation to the percentage of maximal EMGdi (ΔVE/EMGdi%max) with the changes of classical parameters. There was a significant positive association between ΔEMGdi%max and ΔCAT,ΔPaCO2, and ΔpH. The change (Δ) of EMGdi%max was negatively correlated with ΔPaO2/FiO2 in the course of the treatment of AECOPD. Compared with the classical parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, MEWS, PaO2/FiO2, the EMGdi%max (odds ratio 1.143, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.300) has a higher sensitivity when detecting the early exacerbation and enables to predict the admission of hospital in the whole cohort. Conclusions: The changes of surface EMGdi parameters had a direct correlation with classical measures in the whole cohort of AECOPD. The measurement of NRD by surface EMGdi represents a practical physiological biomarker, which may be helpful in detecting patients who should be hospitalized timely.
基金grants from the Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Guangdong Province Joint Fund(No.3030902113080)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.303090100502050-18)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Nos.201803040020 and 201903010065)。
文摘Clinical ophthalmologists consider each retinal disease as a completely unique entity.However,various retinal diseases,such as uveitis,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and primary open-angle glaucoma,share a number of common pathogenetic pathways.Whether a retinal disease initiates from direct injury to the blood-retinal barrier(BRB)or a defect/injury to retinal neurons or glia that impairs the BRB secondarily,the BRB is a pivotal point in determining the prognosis as self-limiting and recovering,or developing and progressing to a clinical phenotype.The present review summarizes our current knowledge on the physiology and cellular and molecular pathology of the BRB,which underlies its pivotal role in the initiation and development of common retinal diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1313602 and 2016YFC1302603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81820108001,81670029,and 81470273)+8 种基金Jiangsu Jian-kang Vocational College Project(No.JKC202012)Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University(No.NMUB2020190)Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.QRX17199)Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(No.QRX11038)National China Medicine Science and Technology Special Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BL2014083)Six Talent Peak Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2012-WS-l 14)Nanjing Science and Technology Plan Project(No.201803064)Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Association Project(No.Q2018049)Nanjing Key Project of Science and Technology(No.2019060002).
文摘Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common public health problem worldwide.Recent studies have reported that socioeconomic status(SES)is related to the incidence of COPD.This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and COPD among adults in Jiangsu province,China,and to determine the possible direct and indirect effects of SES on the morbidity of COPD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 40 years and above between May and December of 2015 in Jiangsu province,China.Participants were selected using a multistage sampling approach.COPD,the outcome variable,was diagnosed by physicians based on spirometry,respiratory symptoms,and risk factors.Education,occupation,and monthly family average income(FAI)were used to separately indicate SES as the explanatory variable.Mixed-effects logistic regression models were introduced to calculate odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for examining the SES-COPD relationship.A pathway analysis was conducted to further explore the pulmonary function impairment of patients with different SES.Results:The mean age of the 2421 participants was 56.63±9.62 years.The prevalence of COPD was 11.8%(95%CI:10.5%–13.1%)among the overall sample population.After adjustment for age,gender,residence,outdoor and indoor air pollution,body weight status,cigarette smoking,and potential study area-level clustering effects,educational attainment was negatively associated with COPD prevalence in men;white collars were at lower risk(OR:0.60,95%CI:0.43–0.83)of experiencing COPD than blue collars;compared with those within the lower FAI subgroup,participants in the upper(OR:0.68,95%CI:0.49–0.97)tertiles were less likely to experience COPD.Such negative associations between all these three SES indicators and COPD were significant among men only.Education,FAI,and occupation had direct or indirect effects on pulmonary function including post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),FEV1,FVC,and FEV1 percentage of predicted.Education,FAI,and occupation had indirect effects on pulmonary function indices of all participants mainly through smoking status,indoor air pollution,and outdoor air pollution.We also found that occupation could affect post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC through body mass index.Conclusions:Education,occupation,and FAI had an adverse relationship with COPD prevalence in Jiangsu province,China.SES has both direct and indirect associations with pulmonary function impairment.SES is of great significance for COPD morbidity.It is important that population-based COPD prevention strategies should be tailored for people with different SES.
文摘To the Editor: Posner-Schlossmann syndrome (PSS), also known as glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is characterized by acute, unilateral, recurrent attacks of ocular hypertension, mild non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (AU), and spontaneous recovery. However, the etiology of this disease is unknown. Many mechanisms have been proposed including viral infection, autoimmune, autonomic dysregulation, allergic conditions and vascular endothelial dysfunction.[1] Topical anti-hypertensives and anti-inflammatory medications are typically prescribed to combat this disease. Repeated attacks may lead to longterm glaucomatous optic nerve damage over 5–10 years after the first episode. Because the pathophysiology is not completely understood, treatment and prevention of recurrences has proven to be difficult.
