The scarcity of housing increases as population continues to rise all over the world. Despite government efforts at providing houses, yearly demand keeps on exceeding available houses and hence the hike in rent, the c...The scarcity of housing increases as population continues to rise all over the world. Despite government efforts at providing houses, yearly demand keeps on exceeding available houses and hence the hike in rent, the cost of erecting houses and the cost of building materials. This ultimately calls for a decisive solution. This study therefore applied compliance to cost ratio (C-CR) analysis in evaluating the optimum properties of fired ceramic bricks. The optimum mix proportions of waste glass (WG) and wood saw dust (WSD) in fired bricks, that will be suitable for housing constructions were hence determined. Fired clay brick samples which contained varied proportions of WG and WSD were examined for physical, mechanical and thermal properties in line with standard procedures. The results were compared with existing standards and property evaluation index, compliance level and C-CR were applied in analyzing the results obtained. It was observed that with increasing WG content, compliance level increased. Also, cost ratio and experimental cost of each brick sample trended upward. Sample with mix proportion;20 wt% WG, 5 wt% WSD and 75 wt% clay had compliance level of 94% and C-CR index of 7.81, hence chosen as optimum mix proportion for masonry bricks.展开更多
This work studied the effects of firing temperatures on the refractory properties of insulating firebricks produced from a blend of hydrometallurgically purified clay, high alumina cement and sawdust. Twenty grams out...This work studied the effects of firing temperatures on the refractory properties of insulating firebricks produced from a blend of hydrometallurgically purified clay, high alumina cement and sawdust. Twenty grams out of a bulk (1000 Kg) of clay obtained from Ipetumodu in Nigeria was analyzed for size range, consequent upon which the remaining bulk was sieved to 100 μm, being the average size. The bulk was there after leached under a predetermined condition (1.6 mol/dm3 of oxalic acid at 70oC for 150 min and 200 rev/min agitation speed) and cylindrical samples (5 cm diameter by 5 cm high) containing different quantities of high alumina cement (5% - 20%) and sawdust (1% - 5%) were prepared, dried at 110oC and subsequently fired at 900oC, 1100oC, 1300oC and 1500oC, at the rate of 4oC/min and soaked for 2 hrs. These samples were subjected to different refractory tests (permanent linear change, modulus of rupture, bulk density, cold crushing strength and apparent porosity). Even though samples containing more than 20% alumina crumbled at elevated temperatures, it was still observed that the bricks performed to expectations at lower alumina contents, even at 1500oC. The sample containing 3% sawdust and 10% alumina cement however, gave the desired requirement for preparing good insulating firebricks with reliable phase integrity, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).展开更多
文摘The scarcity of housing increases as population continues to rise all over the world. Despite government efforts at providing houses, yearly demand keeps on exceeding available houses and hence the hike in rent, the cost of erecting houses and the cost of building materials. This ultimately calls for a decisive solution. This study therefore applied compliance to cost ratio (C-CR) analysis in evaluating the optimum properties of fired ceramic bricks. The optimum mix proportions of waste glass (WG) and wood saw dust (WSD) in fired bricks, that will be suitable for housing constructions were hence determined. Fired clay brick samples which contained varied proportions of WG and WSD were examined for physical, mechanical and thermal properties in line with standard procedures. The results were compared with existing standards and property evaluation index, compliance level and C-CR were applied in analyzing the results obtained. It was observed that with increasing WG content, compliance level increased. Also, cost ratio and experimental cost of each brick sample trended upward. Sample with mix proportion;20 wt% WG, 5 wt% WSD and 75 wt% clay had compliance level of 94% and C-CR index of 7.81, hence chosen as optimum mix proportion for masonry bricks.
文摘This work studied the effects of firing temperatures on the refractory properties of insulating firebricks produced from a blend of hydrometallurgically purified clay, high alumina cement and sawdust. Twenty grams out of a bulk (1000 Kg) of clay obtained from Ipetumodu in Nigeria was analyzed for size range, consequent upon which the remaining bulk was sieved to 100 μm, being the average size. The bulk was there after leached under a predetermined condition (1.6 mol/dm3 of oxalic acid at 70oC for 150 min and 200 rev/min agitation speed) and cylindrical samples (5 cm diameter by 5 cm high) containing different quantities of high alumina cement (5% - 20%) and sawdust (1% - 5%) were prepared, dried at 110oC and subsequently fired at 900oC, 1100oC, 1300oC and 1500oC, at the rate of 4oC/min and soaked for 2 hrs. These samples were subjected to different refractory tests (permanent linear change, modulus of rupture, bulk density, cold crushing strength and apparent porosity). Even though samples containing more than 20% alumina crumbled at elevated temperatures, it was still observed that the bricks performed to expectations at lower alumina contents, even at 1500oC. The sample containing 3% sawdust and 10% alumina cement however, gave the desired requirement for preparing good insulating firebricks with reliable phase integrity, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
