Objective: Thanks to fast developing technology, visualization of fiber tracts at brain is possible. But with the new developments, data processing and interpretation are becoming more difficult. Actually interpretati...Objective: Thanks to fast developing technology, visualization of fiber tracts at brain is possible. But with the new developments, data processing and interpretation are becoming more difficult. Actually interpretations in these fields are mostly in-group analysis and are generally not useful on the basis of individual patient evaluations. In these regards, we investigated our cases with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tried to show if the data could be interpreted simply by radiologist’s eye or not. Material: Our study consisted of 31 cases that were evaluated in our center with 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) units. Cranial DTI studies performed for ischemia, posttraumatic axonal injury, congenital malformation, neoplasia, autism, mental retardation and epilepsy. Cranial DTI was performed to demonstrate effected fiber tracts in neoplasia and ischemia cases and was applied to identify any gross anomaly in microstructural anatomy beside normal conventional MRI in other cases. DTI images were evaluated, along with fused conventional T1 weighted 3D high-resolution images and FA maps. DTI were performed at the first administration of the patients. Results: In addition to chronic ischemic focuses in patients with ischemia, DTI-FA images showed us relevant signal changes secondary to Wallerian degeneration in two cases. In traumatic brain injury cases, though being isointense on conventional sequences, FA values showed decreased values at the levels of the axonal discontinuity. Major abnormalities of association and projection fibers in congenital malformation cases were visualized at both 3D-DTI fused images and FA map images. Displacement, infiltration, destruction fibers were clearly visualized in neoplasia cases. However, any objective abnormality wasn’t reported at any cases diagnosed with motor mental retardation, epilepsy or neuropsychiatric diseases. Conclusion: Colored DTI images and FA maps are helpful in the way of diagnosis in most cases with organic pathologies;it is possible to obtain diagnostic information by vivacious images.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate potential pathological differences in major brain metabolites in burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated eight patients and six healthy controls with sin...Purpose: To investigate potential pathological differences in major brain metabolites in burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated eight patients and six healthy controls with single voxel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy throughout 2017 using 3-Tesla MR unit. Metabolite levels measured from the left posterior paracingulate white matter. Raw images were processed with Tarquin version 4.3.10 and area under curve values were automatically calculated for GABA (γ-Aminobutyric acid), Ins (myo-inositole), tNAA (N-Acetylaspartate), tCho (total choline), tCr (total creatine) and GLx (glutamine + Glutamat). Major metabolite levels and all metabolites ratio to tCr calculated and compared between two groups using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: GABA/tCR value of the patients (0.589 ± 0.194, median = 0.515) was significantly higher than control group (0.230 ± 0.067, median = 0.220) (P = 0.002). tNAA/tCR value of the patients (1.106 ± 0.218, median: 1.205), was significantly lower than the control group (1.538 ± 0.401, median: 1.705) (P = 0.028). No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of all other metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated increased GABA and decreased NAA in the left posterior paracingulate region in BMS patients. We suggest that these metabolite alterations in central nervous system might play a key role in the etiology of the disease by inhibiting the suppression of burning sensation.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to review the radiological evaluation of thyroid nodules detected with ultrasonography (US), thoroughly and in harmony with the clinical-endocrinological-surgical management. In this review, w...The aim of this paper is to review the radiological evaluation of thyroid nodules detected with ultrasonography (US), thoroughly and in harmony with the clinical-endocrinological-surgical management. In this review, we tried to summarize the radiological evaluation of nodules detected in the thyroid in compliance with recently published and accepted guidelines, including the most advanced sonographic protocols, emphasizing the indications of cross-sectional imaging when needed. In this review important aspects were demonstrated with tables, illustrations and take-home points and technical aspects were emphasized with images and diagrams. We believe that this review, which is concluded with an extensive summary with the support of most recent sources, is an up-to-date and comprehensive evaluation of the broad spectrum of thyroid nodule radiology. We think that the management of any kind of nodule that can be encountered during the US examination can be done successfully by going through the paths described in the pictures, tables and texts in this article.展开更多
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for dozens of metabolites [1]. In this paper we will focus especially on proton (hydrogen) MRS. Generally published literatures consist of reviews and articles about...Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for dozens of metabolites [1]. In this paper we will focus especially on proton (hydrogen) MRS. Generally published literatures consist of reviews and articles about metabolites are long, complicated and emphasise on physical or on technical data. But with this article, we will try to explain basically how MRS could be used in daily practice of radiologists. First of all we tried to search all current literature only referencing the main ones to make this review and we want all of our colleagues to give feedback about this review. With collection of all these trick points and line up to appropriate order, it is possible to make this review a common guide for radiologists and a useful tool while reporting MRS.展开更多
Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis is primarily established on clinical and laboratory findings;however, some hashimoto thyroiditis cases are euthyroid and seronegative. Moreover, these patients might also ha...Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis is primarily established on clinical and laboratory findings;however, some hashimoto thyroiditis cases are euthyroid and seronegative. Moreover, these patients might also have normal conventional ultrasound findings. Aims: In our study, we aimed to distinguish the typical background characteristics of hashimoto thyroiditis using virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps obtained with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. Methods: Our study consisted of 28 hashimoto thyroiditis patients without characteristics of ultrasound findings and 28 healthy subjects. The thyroid parenchymal tissue mechanical properties were analyzed with the virtual touch tissue imaging quantification after ultrasound examination, and then related colored maps were obtained. Shear wave velocities were recorded (m/s) from the homogenous area where hardest and softest points were closest to each other on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. The difference between the minimum and maximum shear wave velocities for each case (Δv) was calculated and recorded. Results: Assessment of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps revealed a significant difference between hashimoto thyroiditis and control groups in terms of maximum SWV’s, but no significant difference was observed between the minimum shear wave velocities (p Δv values were taken into account. In summary, the effects of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis can be distinguished by simply using Δv on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. When the cut-off value of Δv was accepted 0.42, the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis could be made with 88% accuracy. Conclusion: We suggest that shear wave velocities measurement on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps is a promising method in equivocal hashimoto thyroiditis cases, in which the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis is unachievable with clinical, laboratory and conventional ultrasound findings.展开更多
文摘Objective: Thanks to fast developing technology, visualization of fiber tracts at brain is possible. But with the new developments, data processing and interpretation are becoming more difficult. Actually interpretations in these fields are mostly in-group analysis and are generally not useful on the basis of individual patient evaluations. In these regards, we investigated our cases with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tried to show if the data could be interpreted simply by radiologist’s eye or not. Material: Our study consisted of 31 cases that were evaluated in our center with 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) units. Cranial DTI studies performed for ischemia, posttraumatic axonal injury, congenital malformation, neoplasia, autism, mental retardation and epilepsy. Cranial DTI was performed to demonstrate effected fiber tracts in neoplasia and ischemia cases and was applied to identify any gross anomaly in microstructural anatomy beside normal conventional MRI in other cases. DTI images were evaluated, along with fused conventional T1 weighted 3D high-resolution images and FA maps. DTI were performed at the first administration of the patients. Results: In addition to chronic ischemic focuses in patients with ischemia, DTI-FA images showed us relevant signal changes secondary to Wallerian degeneration in two cases. In traumatic brain injury cases, though being isointense on conventional sequences, FA values showed decreased values at the levels of the axonal discontinuity. Major abnormalities of association and projection fibers in congenital malformation cases were visualized at both 3D-DTI fused images and FA map images. Displacement, infiltration, destruction fibers were clearly visualized in neoplasia cases. However, any objective abnormality wasn’t reported at any cases diagnosed with motor mental retardation, epilepsy or neuropsychiatric diseases. Conclusion: Colored DTI images and FA maps are helpful in the way of diagnosis in most cases with organic pathologies;it is possible to obtain diagnostic information by vivacious images.
文摘Purpose: To investigate potential pathological differences in major brain metabolites in burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated eight patients and six healthy controls with single voxel magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy throughout 2017 using 3-Tesla MR unit. Metabolite levels measured from the left posterior paracingulate white matter. Raw images were processed with Tarquin version 4.3.10 and area under curve values were automatically calculated for GABA (γ-Aminobutyric acid), Ins (myo-inositole), tNAA (N-Acetylaspartate), tCho (total choline), tCr (total creatine) and GLx (glutamine + Glutamat). Major metabolite levels and all metabolites ratio to tCr calculated and compared between two groups using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: GABA/tCR value of the patients (0.589 ± 0.194, median = 0.515) was significantly higher than control group (0.230 ± 0.067, median = 0.220) (P = 0.002). tNAA/tCR value of the patients (1.106 ± 0.218, median: 1.205), was significantly lower than the control group (1.538 ± 0.401, median: 1.705) (P = 0.028). No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of all other metabolites (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated increased GABA and decreased NAA in the left posterior paracingulate region in BMS patients. We suggest that these metabolite alterations in central nervous system might play a key role in the etiology of the disease by inhibiting the suppression of burning sensation.
文摘The aim of this paper is to review the radiological evaluation of thyroid nodules detected with ultrasonography (US), thoroughly and in harmony with the clinical-endocrinological-surgical management. In this review, we tried to summarize the radiological evaluation of nodules detected in the thyroid in compliance with recently published and accepted guidelines, including the most advanced sonographic protocols, emphasizing the indications of cross-sectional imaging when needed. In this review important aspects were demonstrated with tables, illustrations and take-home points and technical aspects were emphasized with images and diagrams. We believe that this review, which is concluded with an extensive summary with the support of most recent sources, is an up-to-date and comprehensive evaluation of the broad spectrum of thyroid nodule radiology. We think that the management of any kind of nodule that can be encountered during the US examination can be done successfully by going through the paths described in the pictures, tables and texts in this article.
文摘Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used for dozens of metabolites [1]. In this paper we will focus especially on proton (hydrogen) MRS. Generally published literatures consist of reviews and articles about metabolites are long, complicated and emphasise on physical or on technical data. But with this article, we will try to explain basically how MRS could be used in daily practice of radiologists. First of all we tried to search all current literature only referencing the main ones to make this review and we want all of our colleagues to give feedback about this review. With collection of all these trick points and line up to appropriate order, it is possible to make this review a common guide for radiologists and a useful tool while reporting MRS.
文摘Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosis is primarily established on clinical and laboratory findings;however, some hashimoto thyroiditis cases are euthyroid and seronegative. Moreover, these patients might also have normal conventional ultrasound findings. Aims: In our study, we aimed to distinguish the typical background characteristics of hashimoto thyroiditis using virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps obtained with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. Methods: Our study consisted of 28 hashimoto thyroiditis patients without characteristics of ultrasound findings and 28 healthy subjects. The thyroid parenchymal tissue mechanical properties were analyzed with the virtual touch tissue imaging quantification after ultrasound examination, and then related colored maps were obtained. Shear wave velocities were recorded (m/s) from the homogenous area where hardest and softest points were closest to each other on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. The difference between the minimum and maximum shear wave velocities for each case (Δv) was calculated and recorded. Results: Assessment of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps revealed a significant difference between hashimoto thyroiditis and control groups in terms of maximum SWV’s, but no significant difference was observed between the minimum shear wave velocities (p Δv values were taken into account. In summary, the effects of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis can be distinguished by simply using Δv on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps. When the cut-off value of Δv was accepted 0.42, the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis could be made with 88% accuracy. Conclusion: We suggest that shear wave velocities measurement on virtual touch tissue imaging quantification maps is a promising method in equivocal hashimoto thyroiditis cases, in which the diagnosis of hashimoto thyroiditis is unachievable with clinical, laboratory and conventional ultrasound findings.
