Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models con...Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.展开更多
A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered...A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered story isolated system model is established using SAP2000. The dynamic nonlinear dynamic alternate method is used to analyze the structure against progressive collapse. Results show that the structure has good resistance to progressive collapse, and there is no progressive collapse under each working condition. The progressive collapse does not occur for the case of removing only one vertical structural member of the new staggered of isolated system. The side column has big influence on this isolated structures’ progressive collapse;the removal of vertical structural member of the isolation layer has less impact on the structure than the removal of the bottom vertical structural member. After the removing of the member, the internal force of the structure will be redistributed, and the axial force of the adjacent columns will change obviously, showing a trend of “near large and far small”.展开更多
Background:This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety(LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4)grown in one location,drying method(s...Background:This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety(LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4)grown in one location,drying method(sun dried and artificially dried)and different drying temperatures.Corn harvested at 20-25%moisture was dried to about 12%moisture by sun drying and artificially drying at 80,100,or 120℃ in a fluidized bed dryer.Ninety-six barrows(average BW of 33.4 ± 2.7 kg)were housed in individual metabolism crates to facilitate separate collection of feces and urine.A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period.Results:The results indicated that variety significantly influenced(P<0.01)the 1,000 kernel weight of corn but not the bulk weight.Variety also influenced the available energy content(digestible energy of dry matter,P<0.01;metabolisable energy of dry matter,P<0.01)and digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),as well as dry matter(P<0.01)and gross energy(GE)content(P<0.02).The drying method of corn significantly influenced the 1,000 kernel weight(P<0.01),bulk weight(P<0.01)and digestibility of ether extract(EE)(P<0.01).No effect of drying temperature on the digestibility of organic matter,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and gross energy was observed,but gelatinization(P<0.05)and test weight(P<0.01)decreased with an increase in temperature.Conclusions:Variety has a significant impact on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs,and greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of the nutritive value of corn given to growing pigs.展开更多
Background:The nutrient composition of corn is variable.To prevent unforeseen reductions in growth performance,grading and analytical methods are used to minimize nutrient variability between calculated and analyzed v...Background:The nutrient composition of corn is variable.To prevent unforeseen reductions in growth performance,grading and analytical methods are used to minimize nutrient variability between calculated and analyzed values.This experiment was carried out to define the sources of variation in the energy content of com and to develop a practical method to accurately estimate the digestible energy(DE) and metabolisable energy(ME)content of individual com samples for growing pigs.Twenty samples were taken from each of five provinces in China(Jilin,Hebei,Shandong,Liaoning,and Henan) to obtain a range of quality.Results:The DE and ME contents of the 100 corn samples were measured in 35.3 ± 1.92 kg growing pigs(six pigs per corn sample).Sixty corn samples were used to build the prediction model;the remaining forty samples were used to test the suitability of these models.The chemical composition of each corn sample was determined,and the results were used to establish prediction equations for DE or ME content from chemical characteristics.The mean DE and ME content of the 100 samples were 4,053 and 3,923 kcal/kg(dry matter basis),respectively.The physical characteristics were determined,as well,and the results indicated that the bulk weight and 1,000-kernel weight were not associated with energy content.The DE and ME values could be accurately predicted from chemical characteristics.The best fit equations were as follows:DE,kcal/kg of DM = 1062.68 +(49.72 x EE) +(0.54 x GE) +(9.11 x starch),with R^2 = 0.62,residual standard deviation(RSD) = 48 kcal/kg,and P< 0.01;ME,kcal/kg of dry matter basis(DM) = 671.54 +(0.89 x DE)-(5.57 x NDF)-(191.39 x ash),with R2 = 0.87,RSD = 18 kcal/kg,and P<0,01.Conclusion:This experiment confirms the large variation in the energy content of corn,describes the factors that influence this variation,and presents equations based on chemical measurements that may be used to predict the DE and ME content of individual corn samples.展开更多
Dear Editor,Soil bacteria from the genus Collimonas were isolated for the first time by De Boer et al.,and they have been shown to display antifungal activity toward many different fungi(De Boer et al.,1998).These aff...Dear Editor,Soil bacteria from the genus Collimonas were isolated for the first time by De Boer et al.,and they have been shown to display antifungal activity toward many different fungi(De Boer et al.,1998).These affected fungi include pathogens of economically important plants,such as spruce,potato,flax,and lettuce,suggesting the potential for the broad application of Collimonas as a biocontrol agent.展开更多
文摘Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.
文摘A new staggered isolated system developed from the mid-story isolated system is the new staggered story isolated system. There are not many studies on this structure currently. In this study, an 18-story new staggered story isolated system model is established using SAP2000. The dynamic nonlinear dynamic alternate method is used to analyze the structure against progressive collapse. Results show that the structure has good resistance to progressive collapse, and there is no progressive collapse under each working condition. The progressive collapse does not occur for the case of removing only one vertical structural member of the new staggered of isolated system. The side column has big influence on this isolated structures’ progressive collapse;the removal of vertical structural member of the isolation layer has less impact on the structure than the removal of the bottom vertical structural member. After the removing of the member, the internal force of the structure will be redistributed, and the axial force of the adjacent columns will change obviously, showing a trend of “near large and far small”.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11~(th) Five Year Plan of China(2006BAD12B01)Special Public Sector Fund in Agriculture(200903006)
文摘Background:This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety(LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4)grown in one location,drying method(sun dried and artificially dried)and different drying temperatures.Corn harvested at 20-25%moisture was dried to about 12%moisture by sun drying and artificially drying at 80,100,or 120℃ in a fluidized bed dryer.Ninety-six barrows(average BW of 33.4 ± 2.7 kg)were housed in individual metabolism crates to facilitate separate collection of feces and urine.A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period.Results:The results indicated that variety significantly influenced(P<0.01)the 1,000 kernel weight of corn but not the bulk weight.Variety also influenced the available energy content(digestible energy of dry matter,P<0.01;metabolisable energy of dry matter,P<0.01)and digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),as well as dry matter(P<0.01)and gross energy(GE)content(P<0.02).The drying method of corn significantly influenced the 1,000 kernel weight(P<0.01),bulk weight(P<0.01)and digestibility of ether extract(EE)(P<0.01).No effect of drying temperature on the digestibility of organic matter,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)and gross energy was observed,but gelatinization(P<0.05)and test weight(P<0.01)decreased with an increase in temperature.Conclusions:Variety has a significant impact on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs,and greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of the nutritive value of corn given to growing pigs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R & D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China(2006BAD12B01)Special Public Sector Fund in Agriculture(200903006)
文摘Background:The nutrient composition of corn is variable.To prevent unforeseen reductions in growth performance,grading and analytical methods are used to minimize nutrient variability between calculated and analyzed values.This experiment was carried out to define the sources of variation in the energy content of com and to develop a practical method to accurately estimate the digestible energy(DE) and metabolisable energy(ME)content of individual com samples for growing pigs.Twenty samples were taken from each of five provinces in China(Jilin,Hebei,Shandong,Liaoning,and Henan) to obtain a range of quality.Results:The DE and ME contents of the 100 corn samples were measured in 35.3 ± 1.92 kg growing pigs(six pigs per corn sample).Sixty corn samples were used to build the prediction model;the remaining forty samples were used to test the suitability of these models.The chemical composition of each corn sample was determined,and the results were used to establish prediction equations for DE or ME content from chemical characteristics.The mean DE and ME content of the 100 samples were 4,053 and 3,923 kcal/kg(dry matter basis),respectively.The physical characteristics were determined,as well,and the results indicated that the bulk weight and 1,000-kernel weight were not associated with energy content.The DE and ME values could be accurately predicted from chemical characteristics.The best fit equations were as follows:DE,kcal/kg of DM = 1062.68 +(49.72 x EE) +(0.54 x GE) +(9.11 x starch),with R^2 = 0.62,residual standard deviation(RSD) = 48 kcal/kg,and P< 0.01;ME,kcal/kg of dry matter basis(DM) = 671.54 +(0.89 x DE)-(5.57 x NDF)-(191.39 x ash),with R2 = 0.87,RSD = 18 kcal/kg,and P<0,01.Conclusion:This experiment confirms the large variation in the energy content of corn,describes the factors that influence this variation,and presents equations based on chemical measurements that may be used to predict the DE and ME content of individual corn samples.
基金supported by funding for training talents in Beijing City(2014000020060G180) to Huiling Wuthe Science and Technology Plan Project of Beijing(D151100003915003) to Weicheng Liuthe Science and Technology Innovation Fund from the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201416,QNJJ201411) to Jiewei Zhang and Huiling Wu
文摘Dear Editor,Soil bacteria from the genus Collimonas were isolated for the first time by De Boer et al.,and they have been shown to display antifungal activity toward many different fungi(De Boer et al.,1998).These affected fungi include pathogens of economically important plants,such as spruce,potato,flax,and lettuce,suggesting the potential for the broad application of Collimonas as a biocontrol agent.
