Dihalogenated nitrophenols(2,6-DHNPs),an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)detected in drinking water,have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks.The pr...Dihalogenated nitrophenols(2,6-DHNPs),an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)detected in drinking water,have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks.The present study found that 2,6-DHNPs are resistant to major drinking water treatment processes(sedimentation and filtration)and households methods(boiling,filtration,microwave irradiation,and ultrasonic cleaning).To further assess their health risks,we conducted a series of toxicology studies using zebrafish embryos as the model organism.Our findings reveal that these emerging 2,6-DHNPs showed lethal toxicity 248 times greater than that of the regulated DBP,dichloroacetic acid.Specifically,at sublethal concentrations,exposure to 2,6-DHNPs generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),caused apoptosis,inhibited cardiac looping,and induced cardiac failure in zebrafish.Remarkably,the use of a ROS scavenger,N-acetyl-l-cysteine,considerably mitigated these adverse effects,emphasizing the essential role of ROS in 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity.Our findings highlight the cardiotoxic potential of 2,6-DHNPs in drinking water even at low concentrations of 19μg/L and the beneficial effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in alleviating the 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity.This study underscores the urgent need for increased scrutiny of these emerging compounds in public health discussions.展开更多
基金supported by Jinhua Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(2022-4-046)the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security of Zhejiang Normal University(KF-2022-15)+2 种基金the Foundation Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ21D010008)the University of Pittsburgh Momentum Funds 2022-23(006068)the University of Pittsburgh Competitive Medical Research Fund 2023-24(006559).
文摘Dihalogenated nitrophenols(2,6-DHNPs),an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts(DBPs)detected in drinking water,have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks.The present study found that 2,6-DHNPs are resistant to major drinking water treatment processes(sedimentation and filtration)and households methods(boiling,filtration,microwave irradiation,and ultrasonic cleaning).To further assess their health risks,we conducted a series of toxicology studies using zebrafish embryos as the model organism.Our findings reveal that these emerging 2,6-DHNPs showed lethal toxicity 248 times greater than that of the regulated DBP,dichloroacetic acid.Specifically,at sublethal concentrations,exposure to 2,6-DHNPs generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),caused apoptosis,inhibited cardiac looping,and induced cardiac failure in zebrafish.Remarkably,the use of a ROS scavenger,N-acetyl-l-cysteine,considerably mitigated these adverse effects,emphasizing the essential role of ROS in 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity.Our findings highlight the cardiotoxic potential of 2,6-DHNPs in drinking water even at low concentrations of 19μg/L and the beneficial effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in alleviating the 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity.This study underscores the urgent need for increased scrutiny of these emerging compounds in public health discussions.
