A substantial amount of emerging research is indicating that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health.Alterations of gut microbiota have clear consequences on intestinal homeostasis,physiology,gut m...A substantial amount of emerging research is indicating that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health.Alterations of gut microbiota have clear consequences on intestinal homeostasis,physiology,gut microbiome,immune system and host metabolic pathways.Diet composition plays an important role in the control of gut microbial populations and,thus,in the prevention,management and treatment of certain diseases such as cancer,diabetes.A comprehensive analysis of previously reported results revealed that the gut microbiota can be modulated by diet and the composition of gut microbiota can be influenced by various diet components.The symbiotic relationship between different gut microbial communities regulates the immune system and,therefore,any dysbiosis can dysregulate the immune system.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved in the interactions between diet composition,gut microbiota and associated diseases.展开更多
Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At p...Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At present,the impact of livestock-associated CREC strains on human populations at the national level is unknown.Here,we conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of CREC from clinical settings across 22 Chinese provinces or municipalities and analyze anthropogenic factors associated with their presence.We also ascertain the blaNDMand blaKPCabundance among pig and chicken farms and present a detailed genomic framework for CREC of animal and human origin.Overall,631/29799(2.1%)clinical Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates were identified as CREC.Multivariable analysis revealed that being male,an age below 1,an age between 13 and 18,provinces with greater chicken production,and provinces with higher pig production were associated with higher odds of CREC infection.In general,73.8%(n=45/61)of pig farms and 62.2%(n=28/45)of chicken farms had a blaNDMabundance of 1×10^(-5)to 1×10^(-3)and 1×10^(-3)to 1×10^(-2),respectively.Among all the Chinese NDM-positive E.coli(n=463)available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),the genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-5and Inc X3 were the predominant carbapenemase gene-plasmid combination,while a highly homogeneous relationship between NDM-positive isolates from humans and animals was demonstrated at the plasmid and core genome levels.All the findings suggest frequent CREC transmission between humans and animals,indicating that further discussions on the use of antibiotics in animals and humans are needed,both in China and across the globe.展开更多
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a recently approved combination synthetic β-lactamase inhibitor used in human clinical medicine. Cases of CZA resistance in humans have already been reported, but limited research has i...Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a recently approved combination synthetic β-lactamase inhibitor used in human clinical medicine. Cases of CZA resistance in humans have already been reported, but limited research has investigated CZA resistance in pets. This study explored the prevalence and transmission of CZA-resistant Escherichia coli (CZAREC) among pets, their owners, veterinarians, and the environment in animal hospitals. A total of 5,419 clinical samples were collected from dogs and cats, along with samples from the environment (n = 5,843), veterinarians (n = 557), and pet owners (n = 368) in animal hospitals. From these samples, 760 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were obtained, out of which 60 were identified as CZAREC. These included 34 isolates from the environment (9.14 %, n = 372), three from veterinarians (8.11 %, n = 37), and 23 from animals (6.82 %, n = 337). No CZAREC isolates were found in pet owners. The predominant sequence types of CZARECs were ST156 (n = 20), ST410 (n = 19) and ST101 (n = 7). Bayesian analysis revealed six clusters comprising 47 isolates from the hospital environment, pets, and veterinaries, displaying genetic relatedness of less than 100 core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs) between any two isolates in each cluster. Some CZAREC isolates with high genetic similarity persisted in the same animal hospital for four to six months. Moreover, discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that most isolates from different hosts shared a genetic source in the human/dog/cat merged cluster. Overall, evidence of CZARECs transmission was found among pets, the environment, and veterinarians in animal hospitals. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring CZARECs in the veterinary clinical setting to ensure the health of both pets and humans.展开更多
China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets(CARPet)was established in 2021 to monitor the resist-ance profiles of clinical bacterial pathogens from companion animals.From 2018 to 2021,we recovered and...China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets(CARPet)was established in 2021 to monitor the resist-ance profiles of clinical bacterial pathogens from companion animals.From 2018 to 2021,we recovered and tested 4,541 isolates from dogs and cats across 25 Chinese provinces,with Escherichia coli(18.5%)and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(17.8%)being the most predominant bacterial species.The Enterobacterales were highly susceptible to tigecycline,meropenem,colistin,and amikacin(70.3%-100.0%),but showed moderate resistance to ampicillin,ceftriaxone,doxycycline,florfenicol,levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(29.3%-56.7%).About 66.3%of Acinetobacter spp.were resistant to florfenicol,with relatively low resistance to another 11 antibiot-ics(1.2%-23.3%).The Pseudomonas spp.showed high susceptibility to colistin(91.7%)and meropenem(88.3%).The coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp.showed higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.However,over 90.0%of Staphylococcus spp.were susceptible to linezolid,dapto-mycin and rifampin,and no vancomycin-resistant isolates were detected.E.faecium isolates demonstrated higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than E.faecalis isolates.Streptococcus spp.isolates showed low resistance to most antimicrobial agents except for doxycycline(78.2%)and azithromycin(68.8%).Overall,the tested clinical isolates showed high rates of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in companion animals.Therefore,it is crucial to strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance in pets.By timely and effectively collecting,analyzing,and reporting antimicrobial resistance dynamics in pets,the CARPet network will become a powerful platform to provide scientific guidance for both pet medical care and public health.展开更多
Emergence of the colistin resistance gene,mcr-1,has attracted worldwide attention.Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli(MCRPEC)strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 ...Emergence of the colistin resistance gene,mcr-1,has attracted worldwide attention.Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli(MCRPEC)strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 and 2019,genetic differences in MCRPEC strains remain largely unknown.We therefore conducted a comparative genomic study on MCRPEC strains from fecal samples of healthy human subjects in 2016 and 2019.We identified three major differences in MCRPEC strains between these two time points.First,the insertion sequence ISApl1 was often deleted and the percentage of mcr-1-carrying IncI2 plasmids was increased in MCRPEC strains in 2019.Second,the antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),aac(3)-IVa and blaCTX-M-1,emerged and coexisted with mcr-1 in 2019.Third,MCRPEC strains in 2019 contained more virulence genes,resulting in an increased proportion of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli(ExPEC)strains(36.1%)in MCRPEC strains in 2019 compared to that in 2016(10.5%),implying that these strains could occupy intestinal ecological niches by competing with other commensal bacteria.Our results suggest that despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of MCRPEC strains in humans from 2016 to 2019,MCRPEC exhibits increased resistance to other clinically important ARGs and contains more virulence genes,which may pose a potential public health threat.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(grant number 2015BAD16B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant number 31201408 and 31471718).
文摘A substantial amount of emerging research is indicating that the gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health.Alterations of gut microbiota have clear consequences on intestinal homeostasis,physiology,gut microbiome,immune system and host metabolic pathways.Diet composition plays an important role in the control of gut microbial populations and,thus,in the prevention,management and treatment of certain diseases such as cancer,diabetes.A comprehensive analysis of previously reported results revealed that the gut microbiota can be modulated by diet and the composition of gut microbiota can be influenced by various diet components.The symbiotic relationship between different gut microbial communities regulates the immune system and,therefore,any dysbiosis can dysregulate the immune system.Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved in the interactions between diet composition,gut microbiota and associated diseases.
基金supported in part by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81991535,81861138051,and 81871690)UK MRC DETER-XDR-China-HUB(MR/S013768/1)。
文摘Although carbapenem use is prohibited in animals in China,carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CREC),especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-producing strains,are widely prevalent in foodproducing animals.At present,the impact of livestock-associated CREC strains on human populations at the national level is unknown.Here,we conduct a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of CREC from clinical settings across 22 Chinese provinces or municipalities and analyze anthropogenic factors associated with their presence.We also ascertain the blaNDMand blaKPCabundance among pig and chicken farms and present a detailed genomic framework for CREC of animal and human origin.Overall,631/29799(2.1%)clinical Escherichia coli(E.coli)isolates were identified as CREC.Multivariable analysis revealed that being male,an age below 1,an age between 13 and 18,provinces with greater chicken production,and provinces with higher pig production were associated with higher odds of CREC infection.In general,73.8%(n=45/61)of pig farms and 62.2%(n=28/45)of chicken farms had a blaNDMabundance of 1×10^(-5)to 1×10^(-3)and 1×10^(-3)to 1×10^(-2),respectively.Among all the Chinese NDM-positive E.coli(n=463)available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),the genomic analysis revealed that blaNDM-5and Inc X3 were the predominant carbapenemase gene-plasmid combination,while a highly homogeneous relationship between NDM-positive isolates from humans and animals was demonstrated at the plasmid and core genome levels.All the findings suggest frequent CREC transmission between humans and animals,indicating that further discussions on the use of antibiotics in animals and humans are needed,both in China and across the globe.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32141002,81991535 and 32202863)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021 M703528).
文摘Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a recently approved combination synthetic β-lactamase inhibitor used in human clinical medicine. Cases of CZA resistance in humans have already been reported, but limited research has investigated CZA resistance in pets. This study explored the prevalence and transmission of CZA-resistant Escherichia coli (CZAREC) among pets, their owners, veterinarians, and the environment in animal hospitals. A total of 5,419 clinical samples were collected from dogs and cats, along with samples from the environment (n = 5,843), veterinarians (n = 557), and pet owners (n = 368) in animal hospitals. From these samples, 760 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were obtained, out of which 60 were identified as CZAREC. These included 34 isolates from the environment (9.14 %, n = 372), three from veterinarians (8.11 %, n = 37), and 23 from animals (6.82 %, n = 337). No CZAREC isolates were found in pet owners. The predominant sequence types of CZARECs were ST156 (n = 20), ST410 (n = 19) and ST101 (n = 7). Bayesian analysis revealed six clusters comprising 47 isolates from the hospital environment, pets, and veterinaries, displaying genetic relatedness of less than 100 core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs) between any two isolates in each cluster. Some CZAREC isolates with high genetic similarity persisted in the same animal hospital for four to six months. Moreover, discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that most isolates from different hosts shared a genetic source in the human/dog/cat merged cluster. Overall, evidence of CZARECs transmission was found among pets, the environment, and veterinarians in animal hospitals. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring CZARECs in the veterinary clinical setting to ensure the health of both pets and humans.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800400)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(Z171100001517008).
文摘China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets(CARPet)was established in 2021 to monitor the resist-ance profiles of clinical bacterial pathogens from companion animals.From 2018 to 2021,we recovered and tested 4,541 isolates from dogs and cats across 25 Chinese provinces,with Escherichia coli(18.5%)and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(17.8%)being the most predominant bacterial species.The Enterobacterales were highly susceptible to tigecycline,meropenem,colistin,and amikacin(70.3%-100.0%),but showed moderate resistance to ampicillin,ceftriaxone,doxycycline,florfenicol,levofloxacin,enrofloxacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(29.3%-56.7%).About 66.3%of Acinetobacter spp.were resistant to florfenicol,with relatively low resistance to another 11 antibiot-ics(1.2%-23.3%).The Pseudomonas spp.showed high susceptibility to colistin(91.7%)and meropenem(88.3%).The coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp.showed higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates.However,over 90.0%of Staphylococcus spp.were susceptible to linezolid,dapto-mycin and rifampin,and no vancomycin-resistant isolates were detected.E.faecium isolates demonstrated higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than E.faecalis isolates.Streptococcus spp.isolates showed low resistance to most antimicrobial agents except for doxycycline(78.2%)and azithromycin(68.8%).Overall,the tested clinical isolates showed high rates of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in companion animals.Therefore,it is crucial to strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance in pets.By timely and effectively collecting,analyzing,and reporting antimicrobial resistance dynamics in pets,the CARPet network will become a powerful platform to provide scientific guidance for both pet medical care and public health.
基金This work was supported in part by the grants from the Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project,China(Grant No.NT2021006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81861138051,32002335,32141001,and 31761133004)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,China(Grant No.BX20190359)the UK MRC DETER-XDR-China-HUB(Grant No.MR/S013768/1).
文摘Emergence of the colistin resistance gene,mcr-1,has attracted worldwide attention.Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli(MCRPEC)strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 and 2019,genetic differences in MCRPEC strains remain largely unknown.We therefore conducted a comparative genomic study on MCRPEC strains from fecal samples of healthy human subjects in 2016 and 2019.We identified three major differences in MCRPEC strains between these two time points.First,the insertion sequence ISApl1 was often deleted and the percentage of mcr-1-carrying IncI2 plasmids was increased in MCRPEC strains in 2019.Second,the antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),aac(3)-IVa and blaCTX-M-1,emerged and coexisted with mcr-1 in 2019.Third,MCRPEC strains in 2019 contained more virulence genes,resulting in an increased proportion of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli(ExPEC)strains(36.1%)in MCRPEC strains in 2019 compared to that in 2016(10.5%),implying that these strains could occupy intestinal ecological niches by competing with other commensal bacteria.Our results suggest that despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of MCRPEC strains in humans from 2016 to 2019,MCRPEC exhibits increased resistance to other clinically important ARGs and contains more virulence genes,which may pose a potential public health threat.
