San<span style="font-family:Verdana;">itation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) reuse for agriculture presents...San<span style="font-family:Verdana;">itation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) reuse for agriculture presents an opportunity to enhance food security while overcoming water scarcity and fertilizers issues in developing countries. However, the risks to health from farmers and consumers’ exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms persistent in sanitation by-products has hindered their popularity in these regions. This study was conducted to apply a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the annual risk probability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection associated with these sanitation by-products reuse for lettuce production and explore options for health risk reduction. Risk was performed a M</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onte Carlo simulation for farmers and consumers. The exposure rout</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were contaminated soil ingestion, urine/greywater/compost ingestion and lettuce consumption without washing. Results showed that the annual infection risks of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through ingestion contaminated soil associated with urine and compost were typical scenario: 9.04 × <img src="Edit_23087809-01c6-443a-a5a4-d700e0119b4a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per-person-per-year (pppy) and 2.97 × <img src="Edit_3581c627-e1c8-4520-b34c-6dbfdf3f6935.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy, respectively, are higher than the WHO benchmark (≤1.0 × <img src="Edit_56f7f561-c618-4f34-a1e9-e0595c06186a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Conversely, those contaminated from greywater were 6.83 × <img src="Edit_cdb77922-3d6a-4ffa-be33-acd591505adc.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ppp</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y are meet the WHO benchmark. On the other hand, annual risks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through lettuce consumption fertilized with urine (1.20 × <img src="Edit_02bf163d-b72b-43be-962e-9ca62fca3b5a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) were less than the risks from compost (6.20 × <img src="Edit_8f5035d9-ba8c-44d3-ba04-fa8210f0ba5a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) and greywater (7.76 × <img src="Edit_fe2dc136-a861-4617-80af-e01dc2df7a73.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Moreover, the annual risks</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection from greywater ingestion (1.77 × <img src="Edit_a71ed737-298d-42f5-9678-ba257374b364.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">pppy) exhibits </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">much higher risk than th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urine ingestion (6.20 × <img src="Edit_9f57f54f-2be2-4464-ae07-33d40b2f4790.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) approximately two orders of magnitude, and which are higher than the WHO tolerable limit of risk. The risk assessment outcomes of using sanitati</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on by-products to lettuce production should be promoted with pro</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">per awareness of the risk by farmers and consumers.</span>展开更多
Introduction: The diabetic foot remains a public health problem due to its high frequency, difficult and costly management. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspe...Introduction: The diabetic foot remains a public health problem due to its high frequency, difficult and costly management. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of the diabetic foot in a hospital setting in Bamako. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional and monocentric study conducted between September 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015 on diabetic patients aged 14 years and older arriving in our department with a foot infection. Results: We identified 94 cases of diabetic foot infection out of a total of 828 hospitalized patients, a prevalence of 11.35%. The age range 41 - 60 years represented 57 cases (60.6%), the extreme ages were 14 and 81 years. Men (38.3%), women (61.7%) with a sex ratio of 0.62%. Housewives 50%, illiterate 51 cases (54.3%), low economic standard of living 40 cases (42.6%), presence of osteitis 40 cases (42.6%), foot at stage D Grade3 28 cases (29.8%). Management was medical in 48 cases (51.1%), treatment with insulin 58 cases (61.7%), Amoxicillin + Metronidazole used 36 cases (38.29%). Amputation was performed in 35 cases (37.2%). Deaths concerned 5 patients (9.6%) with hypoglycemia as the main cause in 4 cases. Conclusion: Diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes. The establishment of a multidisciplinary team should contribute to the improvement of the prognosis of the diabetic foot in a management center.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin, diagnosed by...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin, diagnosed by the observation of high levels of glucose in the blood, responsible in the long term for vascular and nervous complications. The diabetic foot is the set of pathological manifestations affecting the foot in relation to the diabetic disease. Approximately 5% of diabetics present a chronic lesion of the foot. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the diabetic foot in the medicine/endocrinology department of the Mali hospital. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This was a retrospective descriptive study from November 2011 to December 2015. It focused on diabetic patients hospitalized in the department with a foot wound and aged 14 years and over. Results: The study involved 94 patients out of 828 hospitalized, a prevalence of 11.35%. Our series included 36 (38.3%) men and 58 (61.7%) women, <em>i.e.</em> a sex ratio of 0.61%. The mean age was 42.66 years with extremes of 14 and 81 years. Type 2 diabetes was present in 95% of the patients with a duration of evolution of more than 5 years in 60.6% of the cases. The mechanism of occurrence of the wounds was minor trauma in 54 cases (57.4%). Self-medication was the primary treatment in 70 patients (74.5%). More than 50% of the patients wore unsuitable footwear. Clinical and para-clinical examinations revealed isolated neuropathy in 37 cases (39.4%), necrotic wound in 37 cases (39.19%), poor glycemic control: HbA1c > 7% (98.9%), absence of osteitis (57.4%), normal Doppler ultrasound 45 cases (45.7%), stenosing arteriopathy 11 cases (22.3%), non-stenosing 3 cases (20.2%), germs present 56 cases (59.6%) including 21 cases (22.4%) of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Diabetes and diabetic foot constitute a real public health problem. They are responsible for dreadful and sometimes disabling complications. Its management is multidisciplinary and requires significant financial resources.展开更多
This study aims at exploring arsenite (As (III)) removal from water using naturally available rocks (laterite, sandstone and shale) in C?te d’Ivoire. The study focused on the adsorbent dose, operating pH, contact tim...This study aims at exploring arsenite (As (III)) removal from water using naturally available rocks (laterite, sandstone and shale) in C?te d’Ivoire. The study focused on the adsorbent dose, operating pH, contact time, initial arsenite concentration, and modelisation on the removal of arsenite by performing batch adsorption experiment with well water. The optimal dosage related to an initial As (III) concentration of 5 mg/L was about 50, 75 and 145 g/L for laterite, sandstone and shale respectively. Laterite has a better adsorption capacity in comparison to sandstone and shale. On the other hand, kinetic study reveals that the equilibrium times are 5 h for laterite, 3 h for sandstone and 8 h for shale. Results showed that laterite, sandstone and shale could remove the arsenic in groundwater at initial arsenic concentrations below 5 mg/L, satisfying the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Moreover, kinetics study showed that the overall adsorption rate of arsenite was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.展开更多
The authors report a case of systemic lupus associated with a composite heterozygosis SC with thalassemic component in a 19-year-old patient hospitalized for anemia and polyarthralgia who has a staturoponderal delay, ...The authors report a case of systemic lupus associated with a composite heterozygosis SC with thalassemic component in a 19-year-old patient hospitalized for anemia and polyarthralgia who has a staturoponderal delay, macular erythematous lesions in butterfly wings on the face and ears, photosensitivity, puffy face, alopecia, pubic and axillary hair loss, scalp dermatophytosis, painful swelling of the interphalangeal joints, wrists and knees. The hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a compound heterozygote SC associated with β thalassemia. Antinuclear antibodies were positive with an anti-Sm positive antibody. Conclusion: The diagnosis of both diseases can be difficult when symptoms are concomitant and look alike.展开更多
文摘San<span style="font-family:Verdana;">itation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) reuse for agriculture presents an opportunity to enhance food security while overcoming water scarcity and fertilizers issues in developing countries. However, the risks to health from farmers and consumers’ exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms persistent in sanitation by-products has hindered their popularity in these regions. This study was conducted to apply a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the annual risk probability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection associated with these sanitation by-products reuse for lettuce production and explore options for health risk reduction. Risk was performed a M</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onte Carlo simulation for farmers and consumers. The exposure rout</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were contaminated soil ingestion, urine/greywater/compost ingestion and lettuce consumption without washing. Results showed that the annual infection risks of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through ingestion contaminated soil associated with urine and compost were typical scenario: 9.04 × <img src="Edit_23087809-01c6-443a-a5a4-d700e0119b4a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per-person-per-year (pppy) and 2.97 × <img src="Edit_3581c627-e1c8-4520-b34c-6dbfdf3f6935.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy, respectively, are higher than the WHO benchmark (≤1.0 × <img src="Edit_56f7f561-c618-4f34-a1e9-e0595c06186a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Conversely, those contaminated from greywater were 6.83 × <img src="Edit_cdb77922-3d6a-4ffa-be33-acd591505adc.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ppp</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y are meet the WHO benchmark. On the other hand, annual risks</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through lettuce consumption fertilized with urine (1.20 × <img src="Edit_02bf163d-b72b-43be-962e-9ca62fca3b5a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) were less than the risks from compost (6.20 × <img src="Edit_8f5035d9-ba8c-44d3-ba04-fa8210f0ba5a.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) and greywater (7.76 × <img src="Edit_fe2dc136-a861-4617-80af-e01dc2df7a73.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Moreover, the annual risks</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection from greywater ingestion (1.77 × <img src="Edit_a71ed737-298d-42f5-9678-ba257374b364.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">pppy) exhibits </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">much higher risk than th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urine ingestion (6.20 × <img src="Edit_9f57f54f-2be2-4464-ae07-33d40b2f4790.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy) approximately two orders of magnitude, and which are higher than the WHO tolerable limit of risk. The risk assessment outcomes of using sanitati</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on by-products to lettuce production should be promoted with pro</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">per awareness of the risk by farmers and consumers.</span>
文摘Introduction: The diabetic foot remains a public health problem due to its high frequency, difficult and costly management. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of the diabetic foot in a hospital setting in Bamako. Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional and monocentric study conducted between September 1, 2011 and December 31, 2015 on diabetic patients aged 14 years and older arriving in our department with a foot infection. Results: We identified 94 cases of diabetic foot infection out of a total of 828 hospitalized patients, a prevalence of 11.35%. The age range 41 - 60 years represented 57 cases (60.6%), the extreme ages were 14 and 81 years. Men (38.3%), women (61.7%) with a sex ratio of 0.62%. Housewives 50%, illiterate 51 cases (54.3%), low economic standard of living 40 cases (42.6%), presence of osteitis 40 cases (42.6%), foot at stage D Grade3 28 cases (29.8%). Management was medical in 48 cases (51.1%), treatment with insulin 58 cases (61.7%), Amoxicillin + Metronidazole used 36 cases (38.29%). Amputation was performed in 35 cases (37.2%). Deaths concerned 5 patients (9.6%) with hypoglycemia as the main cause in 4 cases. Conclusion: Diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes. The establishment of a multidisciplinary team should contribute to the improvement of the prognosis of the diabetic foot in a management center.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Diabetes is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a defect in the secretion and/or action of insulin, diagnosed by the observation of high levels of glucose in the blood, responsible in the long term for vascular and nervous complications. The diabetic foot is the set of pathological manifestations affecting the foot in relation to the diabetic disease. Approximately 5% of diabetics present a chronic lesion of the foot. <strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the diabetic foot in the medicine/endocrinology department of the Mali hospital. <strong>Methodology:</strong> This was a retrospective descriptive study from November 2011 to December 2015. It focused on diabetic patients hospitalized in the department with a foot wound and aged 14 years and over. Results: The study involved 94 patients out of 828 hospitalized, a prevalence of 11.35%. Our series included 36 (38.3%) men and 58 (61.7%) women, <em>i.e.</em> a sex ratio of 0.61%. The mean age was 42.66 years with extremes of 14 and 81 years. Type 2 diabetes was present in 95% of the patients with a duration of evolution of more than 5 years in 60.6% of the cases. The mechanism of occurrence of the wounds was minor trauma in 54 cases (57.4%). Self-medication was the primary treatment in 70 patients (74.5%). More than 50% of the patients wore unsuitable footwear. Clinical and para-clinical examinations revealed isolated neuropathy in 37 cases (39.4%), necrotic wound in 37 cases (39.19%), poor glycemic control: HbA1c > 7% (98.9%), absence of osteitis (57.4%), normal Doppler ultrasound 45 cases (45.7%), stenosing arteriopathy 11 cases (22.3%), non-stenosing 3 cases (20.2%), germs present 56 cases (59.6%) including 21 cases (22.4%) of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Diabetes and diabetic foot constitute a real public health problem. They are responsible for dreadful and sometimes disabling complications. Its management is multidisciplinary and requires significant financial resources.
文摘This study aims at exploring arsenite (As (III)) removal from water using naturally available rocks (laterite, sandstone and shale) in C?te d’Ivoire. The study focused on the adsorbent dose, operating pH, contact time, initial arsenite concentration, and modelisation on the removal of arsenite by performing batch adsorption experiment with well water. The optimal dosage related to an initial As (III) concentration of 5 mg/L was about 50, 75 and 145 g/L for laterite, sandstone and shale respectively. Laterite has a better adsorption capacity in comparison to sandstone and shale. On the other hand, kinetic study reveals that the equilibrium times are 5 h for laterite, 3 h for sandstone and 8 h for shale. Results showed that laterite, sandstone and shale could remove the arsenic in groundwater at initial arsenic concentrations below 5 mg/L, satisfying the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Moreover, kinetics study showed that the overall adsorption rate of arsenite was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
文摘The authors report a case of systemic lupus associated with a composite heterozygosis SC with thalassemic component in a 19-year-old patient hospitalized for anemia and polyarthralgia who has a staturoponderal delay, macular erythematous lesions in butterfly wings on the face and ears, photosensitivity, puffy face, alopecia, pubic and axillary hair loss, scalp dermatophytosis, painful swelling of the interphalangeal joints, wrists and knees. The hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a compound heterozygote SC associated with β thalassemia. Antinuclear antibodies were positive with an anti-Sm positive antibody. Conclusion: The diagnosis of both diseases can be difficult when symptoms are concomitant and look alike.
