A new sterol, ergosta-8(9),22-diene-3,5,6,7-tetraol(3β,5α,6β,7α,22E)(A) together with three known sterols: 3β, 5α,6β-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (B), 3β-hydroxy-5α,8α- epidioxyer-gosta-6,22-diene (C) and er...A new sterol, ergosta-8(9),22-diene-3,5,6,7-tetraol(3β,5α,6β,7α,22E)(A) together with three known sterols: 3β, 5α,6β-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (B), 3β-hydroxy-5α,8α- epidioxyer-gosta-6,22-diene (C) and ergosterol (D) were isolated from the mycelia of an unidentified endophytic fungus separated from Castaniopsis fissa (chestnut tree). Compound A exhibited potent selective cytotoxicity against Bel-7402, NCI4460 and L-02 cell lines with IC50 values 8.445, 5.03, 13.621 μg/mL, respectively.展开更多
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae,Calcarisporiaceae,Hypocreaceae,Nectriaceae,Tilachlidiaceae,Ijuhy-aceae,Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments.We provide up-to-date DNA sequ...This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae,Calcarisporiaceae,Hypocreaceae,Nectriaceae,Tilachlidiaceae,Ijuhy-aceae,Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments.We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS,LSU,rpb2,tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families.Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations,while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided.Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae,Hypocreaceae,Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae,Ijuhyaceae fam.nov.,Stromatonectriaceae fam.nov.and Xanthonectriaceae fam.nov.are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses.For each family we provide a list of accepted genera,the taxo-nomic history,morphological descriptions,taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus.Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available,or provide relevant references.Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.展开更多
Epifoliar fungi are one of the significant fungal groups typically living on the surface of leaves. They are usually recordedas saprobes, obligate parasites and commensals and are widely distributed in tropical and su...Epifoliar fungi are one of the significant fungal groups typically living on the surface of leaves. They are usually recordedas saprobes, obligate parasites and commensals and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Numerousgenera within this group remain inadequately understood, primarily attributed to limited taxonomic knowledge and insufficientmolecular data. Furthermore, the taxonomic delineation of epifoliar fungi remained uncertain, with scattered andliterature-based data often intermixed with other follicolous fungi. Herein, a comprehensive taxonomic monograph of 124genera in (32) Asterinales, (18) Capnodiales, (15) Chaetothyriales, (8) Meliolales, (8) Micropeltidales, (10) Microthyriales,(32) Parmulariales and (1) Zeloasperisporiales was provided re-describing with illustrations and line drawings. Notes onecological and economic importance of the families are also provided. Representatives type herbarium materials of Campoapulcherrima, Cycloschizon brachylaenae, Ferrarisia philippina, Hysterostomella guaranitica, Palawaniella orbiculata andPseudolembosia orbicularis of Parmulariaceae were re-examined and provided updated illustrations with descriptions. Abackbone phylogenetic tree and divergence estimation analysis for epifoliar fungi based on LSU and 5.8s ITS sequence dataare provided.展开更多
Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification...Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification of discomycetes has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the important morphological characters,as well as a lack of reference strains.In this review,we provide a historical perspective of discomycetes,notes on their morphology(including both asexual and sexual morphs),ecology and importance,an outline of discomycete families and a synoptical cladogram of currently accepted families in Ascomycota showing their systematic position.We also calculated evolutionary divergence times for major discomycetous taxa based on phylogenetic relationships using a combined LSU,SSU and RPB2 data set from 175 strains and fossil data.Our results confirm that discomycetes are found in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota:Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina.The taxonomic placement of major discomycete taxa is briefly discussed.The most basal group of discomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes,which diverged from other Taphrinomycotina around 417 MYA(216–572),and the most derived group of discomycetes,the class Lecanoromycetes,diverged from Eurotiomycetes around 340 MYA(282–414).Further clarifications based on type specimens,designation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections,and multi-gene analyses are needed to determine the taxonomic arrangement of many discomycetes.展开更多
This is a multidimensional review of mangrove fungi occurring as saprobes,pathogens and endophytes of a wide range of host substrates and those isolated from the water columns and sediments in mangroves.Eight-hundred ...This is a multidimensional review of mangrove fungi occurring as saprobes,pathogens and endophytes of a wide range of host substrates and those isolated from the water columns and sediments in mangroves.Eight-hundred and fifty taxa including 658 that are supported by both morphology and molecular data and 192 with only morphological data are listed.These constitute Ascomycota,the dominant group with 773 species,and 58 Basidiomycota,one Blastocladiomycota,five Chytridiomycota,and 13 Mucoromycota.This study also includes data on mangrove yeasts 103 Ascomycota,39 Basidi-omycota and 193 taxa isolated from sediments.Endophytes isolated from submerged parts of mangrove plants total 38.The most specious orders of mangrove fungi are Pleosporales 133,Saccharomycetales 102,Microascales 101,Eurotiales 87,Hypocreales 60 and Xylariales 54.Speciose genera include Candida 39,Aspergillus 53,Penicillium 17 and Corollospora 16.The highest number of mangrove fungi have been recorded from the Pacific Ocean 553,which is the largest ocean,followed by Indian 408 and Atlantic Oceans 259.Geographical distribution of mangrove fungi varied from ocean to ocean with only 109 taxa common to the Atlantic,Indian and Pacific Oceans.Of the various countries reported for mangrove fungi,India accommodates the highest number(339)followed by Thailand 303,Malaysia 171,Florida Everglades,USA 134 and Brunei 134.A total of 60 different mangrove plants and their associates have been surveyed for mangrove fungi.These results are discussed and compared with previous studies.展开更多
文摘A new sterol, ergosta-8(9),22-diene-3,5,6,7-tetraol(3β,5α,6β,7α,22E)(A) together with three known sterols: 3β, 5α,6β-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (B), 3β-hydroxy-5α,8α- epidioxyer-gosta-6,22-diene (C) and ergosterol (D) were isolated from the mycelia of an unidentified endophytic fungus separated from Castaniopsis fissa (chestnut tree). Compound A exhibited potent selective cytotoxicity against Bel-7402, NCI4460 and L-02 cell lines with IC50 values 8.445, 5.03, 13.621 μg/mL, respectively.
基金The Research of Featured Microbial Resources and Diversity Investigation in Southwest Karst area(Project No.2014FY120100)is thanked for financial supportKevin D.Hyde acknowledges National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)grant,Total fungal diversity in a given forest area with implications towards species numbers,chemical diversity and biotechnology(Grant No.N42A650547)+1 种基金This work was also supported by the Princess Srinagarindra’s Centenary Celebrations Foundation(Grant No.64316001)Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)grant Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and Surrounding areas(Grant No.DBG6280009).
文摘This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae,Calcarisporiaceae,Hypocreaceae,Nectriaceae,Tilachlidiaceae,Ijuhy-aceae,Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments.We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS,LSU,rpb2,tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families.Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations,while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided.Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae,Hypocreaceae,Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae,Ijuhyaceae fam.nov.,Stromatonectriaceae fam.nov.and Xanthonectriaceae fam.nov.are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses.For each family we provide a list of accepted genera,the taxo-nomic history,morphological descriptions,taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus.Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available,or provide relevant references.Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
基金Thailand Research Fund(Grant no.RDG6130001)Thailand Science Research and Innovation(Grant no.DBG6280009).
文摘Epifoliar fungi are one of the significant fungal groups typically living on the surface of leaves. They are usually recordedas saprobes, obligate parasites and commensals and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Numerousgenera within this group remain inadequately understood, primarily attributed to limited taxonomic knowledge and insufficientmolecular data. Furthermore, the taxonomic delineation of epifoliar fungi remained uncertain, with scattered andliterature-based data often intermixed with other follicolous fungi. Herein, a comprehensive taxonomic monograph of 124genera in (32) Asterinales, (18) Capnodiales, (15) Chaetothyriales, (8) Meliolales, (8) Micropeltidales, (10) Microthyriales,(32) Parmulariales and (1) Zeloasperisporiales was provided re-describing with illustrations and line drawings. Notes onecological and economic importance of the families are also provided. Representatives type herbarium materials of Campoapulcherrima, Cycloschizon brachylaenae, Ferrarisia philippina, Hysterostomella guaranitica, Palawaniella orbiculata andPseudolembosia orbicularis of Parmulariaceae were re-examined and provided updated illustrations with descriptions. Abackbone phylogenetic tree and divergence estimation analysis for epifoliar fungi based on LSU and 5.8s ITS sequence dataare provided.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360015)the Autonomous Deployment Program of the Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KIB2016002 and Y62B9111Q1)and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams+2 种基金Peter R.Johnston and Robert Lucking are thanked for providing suggestions during the preparation of this manuscript,Martin Ryberg is thanked for discussion on the evolution of discomycetes and Samantha C.Karunarathna is thanked for suppling some photographs used in this manuscript.Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Project No.2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of BotanyAlan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI,FCT/UID/Multi/04046/2013)Anusha H.Ekanayaka was supported by a postgraduate scholarship from Professor Gareth Jones.Anusha H.Ekanayaka is grateful to(Late)Mr.W.Ekanayaka and Mrs.C.Ekanayaka and Mr.A.Surasinghe for their valuable support and encouragement.
文摘Discomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-producing fungi in the phylum Ascomycota.Molecular-based studies have revealed that the discomycetes can be found among ten classes of Ascomycota.The classification of discomycetes has been a major challenge due to the lack of a clear understanding of the important morphological characters,as well as a lack of reference strains.In this review,we provide a historical perspective of discomycetes,notes on their morphology(including both asexual and sexual morphs),ecology and importance,an outline of discomycete families and a synoptical cladogram of currently accepted families in Ascomycota showing their systematic position.We also calculated evolutionary divergence times for major discomycetous taxa based on phylogenetic relationships using a combined LSU,SSU and RPB2 data set from 175 strains and fossil data.Our results confirm that discomycetes are found in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota:Taphrinomycotina and Pezizomycotina.The taxonomic placement of major discomycete taxa is briefly discussed.The most basal group of discomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes,which diverged from other Taphrinomycotina around 417 MYA(216–572),and the most derived group of discomycetes,the class Lecanoromycetes,diverged from Eurotiomycetes around 340 MYA(282–414).Further clarifications based on type specimens,designation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections,and multi-gene analyses are needed to determine the taxonomic arrangement of many discomycetes.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology for financial support(MOST 105-2621-B-019-002-).V.V.Sarma thanks the Ministry of Earth Sciences,Govt.of India for funding a project(MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.1.2015)+3 种基金.K.D Hyde is grateful to the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No.RSA5980068 entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticansNational Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for a Grant entitled Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice(Grant Num-ber:60201000201).Jariya Sakayaroj thanks the Institute of Research and Innovation,School of Science and Walailak University for facilities and financial support(Grant No.WU62234).M.S.Calabon is grateful to the Mushroom Research Foundation and the Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute(Philippines).
文摘This is a multidimensional review of mangrove fungi occurring as saprobes,pathogens and endophytes of a wide range of host substrates and those isolated from the water columns and sediments in mangroves.Eight-hundred and fifty taxa including 658 that are supported by both morphology and molecular data and 192 with only morphological data are listed.These constitute Ascomycota,the dominant group with 773 species,and 58 Basidiomycota,one Blastocladiomycota,five Chytridiomycota,and 13 Mucoromycota.This study also includes data on mangrove yeasts 103 Ascomycota,39 Basidi-omycota and 193 taxa isolated from sediments.Endophytes isolated from submerged parts of mangrove plants total 38.The most specious orders of mangrove fungi are Pleosporales 133,Saccharomycetales 102,Microascales 101,Eurotiales 87,Hypocreales 60 and Xylariales 54.Speciose genera include Candida 39,Aspergillus 53,Penicillium 17 and Corollospora 16.The highest number of mangrove fungi have been recorded from the Pacific Ocean 553,which is the largest ocean,followed by Indian 408 and Atlantic Oceans 259.Geographical distribution of mangrove fungi varied from ocean to ocean with only 109 taxa common to the Atlantic,Indian and Pacific Oceans.Of the various countries reported for mangrove fungi,India accommodates the highest number(339)followed by Thailand 303,Malaysia 171,Florida Everglades,USA 134 and Brunei 134.A total of 60 different mangrove plants and their associates have been surveyed for mangrove fungi.These results are discussed and compared with previous studies.
