Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are l...Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are localized in the fallopian tubes. The occurrence of molar tubal ectopic pregnancy coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy is uncommon and consequently not often considered a diagnostic possibility. Case Report: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, who complained of vaginal spotting and lower abdominal pain after 6 weeks of amenorrhea following clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation. Transvaginal Ultrasonography revealed an intrauterine pregnancy and an unruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy. She underwent successful laparoscopic salpingectomy while the intra-uterine pregnancy was allowed to continue. The ectopic pregnancy tissue histology reported an ectopic partial molar pregnancy. She subsequently had a normal vaginal delivery at 39 weeks and 3 days and her follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition. It should be suspected in a pregnant woman with a risk factor of multiple gestations who presents vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain in the context of early pregnancy. Laparoscopic surgery is effective for confirming the diagnosis and treating the ectopic component. Routine histological examination of tubal specimens must be taken very seriously because some findings like molar pregnancies may require specific management.展开更多
Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the immunohistochemical aspects of breast cancers at Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection, ...Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the immunohistochemical aspects of breast cancers at Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection, conducted from January 1<sup>st</sup> 2010 and December 31<sup>st</sup> 2019. It was focused on histologically proven breast cancers followed up at Douala General Hospital. Results: We collected 285 cases of breast cancer, all female, representing an annual frequency of 28.5 cases. The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 13 years. The most frequent histological form was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (83.9%), with grade II predominating (38.6%). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 89 patients (31.23%). The triple-negative subtype was the most common class (35.95%), followed by Luminal A (32.60);Human Epidermal Receptor 2-class and Luminal B tumors were observed at a frequency of 13.48% each. Treatment consisted mainly of surgery (78.60%) combined with chemotherapy (65.97%) and/or radiotherapy (63.16%). Hormonal treatment was used in only 10.18% of patients. Targeted therapy was exceptional (4%). Conclusion: Triple-negative phenotype is the most common. However, potentially hormone-sensitive tumors account for almost half of all patients, who are relatively young. Individualized treatments are rare. It is important to systematize these analyses for all breast cancers, with a view to appropriate management in our environment.展开更多
文摘Background: Heterotopic pregnancy is a very rare event in a natural cycle. Its incidence is rising mostly due to induction of ovulation or Assisted Reproductive Technique. Most ectopic in heterotopic pregnancies are localized in the fallopian tubes. The occurrence of molar tubal ectopic pregnancy coexisting with intrauterine pregnancy is uncommon and consequently not often considered a diagnostic possibility. Case Report: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 4 para 1, who complained of vaginal spotting and lower abdominal pain after 6 weeks of amenorrhea following clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation. Transvaginal Ultrasonography revealed an intrauterine pregnancy and an unruptured left tubal ectopic pregnancy. She underwent successful laparoscopic salpingectomy while the intra-uterine pregnancy was allowed to continue. The ectopic pregnancy tissue histology reported an ectopic partial molar pregnancy. She subsequently had a normal vaginal delivery at 39 weeks and 3 days and her follow-up was uneventful. Conclusion: Heterotopic pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening condition. It should be suspected in a pregnant woman with a risk factor of multiple gestations who presents vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain in the context of early pregnancy. Laparoscopic surgery is effective for confirming the diagnosis and treating the ectopic component. Routine histological examination of tubal specimens must be taken very seriously because some findings like molar pregnancies may require specific management.
文摘Introduction: The aim of the study was to describe the immunohistochemical aspects of breast cancers at Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection, conducted from January 1<sup>st</sup> 2010 and December 31<sup>st</sup> 2019. It was focused on histologically proven breast cancers followed up at Douala General Hospital. Results: We collected 285 cases of breast cancer, all female, representing an annual frequency of 28.5 cases. The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 13 years. The most frequent histological form was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (83.9%), with grade II predominating (38.6%). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 89 patients (31.23%). The triple-negative subtype was the most common class (35.95%), followed by Luminal A (32.60);Human Epidermal Receptor 2-class and Luminal B tumors were observed at a frequency of 13.48% each. Treatment consisted mainly of surgery (78.60%) combined with chemotherapy (65.97%) and/or radiotherapy (63.16%). Hormonal treatment was used in only 10.18% of patients. Targeted therapy was exceptional (4%). Conclusion: Triple-negative phenotype is the most common. However, potentially hormone-sensitive tumors account for almost half of all patients, who are relatively young. Individualized treatments are rare. It is important to systematize these analyses for all breast cancers, with a view to appropriate management in our environment.
