高温熔盐泵是钍基熔盐仿真堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF0)一回路系统的关键设备,设计温度高达700°C,其结构完整性对反应堆安全运行至关重要。针对TMSR-SF0高温熔盐泵泵罐初始平封头设计方案应力过大问题,提...高温熔盐泵是钍基熔盐仿真堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF0)一回路系统的关键设备,设计温度高达700°C,其结构完整性对反应堆安全运行至关重要。针对TMSR-SF0高温熔盐泵泵罐初始平封头设计方案应力过大问题,提出了三角形、单井形及双井形三种筋板优化方案,研究了筋板间距对双井方案泵罐应力的影响,制定了泵罐的最终设计方案,按照美国机械工程师协会(American Society of Mechanical Engineers,ASME)标准第III卷第5册对其进行了评定。结果表明:三种方案均可大幅降低泵罐应力水平,双井方案最优,单井方案次之,三角形方案最差;泵罐最终设计方案为双井方案,此方案可使泵罐应力由413.4 MPa下降至65.4 MPa,应力降幅高达84.2%,并通过了ASME标准评定。展开更多
随着钍基熔盐堆核能系统(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Nuclear Energy System,TMSR)由实验堆向研究堆、示范堆及商用堆发展,其轴系演变为由液下轴承支承的细长柔性转子结构。高温熔盐泵是钍基核能系统的主要动力部件,是TMSR的心脏设备...随着钍基熔盐堆核能系统(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Nuclear Energy System,TMSR)由实验堆向研究堆、示范堆及商用堆发展,其轴系演变为由液下轴承支承的细长柔性转子结构。高温熔盐泵是钍基核能系统的主要动力部件,是TMSR的心脏设备。熔盐泵的运行稳定性和可靠性取决于液下轴承的支撑特性。本文采用数值模拟对液下轴承进行理论计算分析,并结合试验研究了不同偏心率对液下轴承支撑特性的影响。结果显示:随着转速增大,液下轴承的偏心率不断减小;随着偏心率的增大,液下轴承支撑的正交刚度和阻尼不断增大,交叉刚度和阻尼的数值也不断增大,液下轴承的最小液膜厚度不断减小。当偏心率大于0.6时,由于最小液膜厚度较薄,液下轴承的压力以零和零梯度结束。此时液下轴承在实际运转中存在液膜失效导致液下轴承磨损严重,此结果在试验中得到了验证。本文研究成果为超高温长轴熔盐泵液下轴承的设计提供了理论指导和试验数据支撑。展开更多
Spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4)has been considered to be the most promising alternative cathode material for the new generation of lithium-ion batteries in terms of its low cost,non-toxicity and easy manufacture.The spinel lithi...Spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4)has been considered to be the most promising alternative cathode material for the new generation of lithium-ion batteries in terms of its low cost,non-toxicity and easy manufacture.The spinel lithium manganese mixed oxides were prepared from lithium nitrate,manganese nitrate and citric acid by a sol-gel method and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,X-ray diffraction,cyclic voltammetry and constant current charging-discharging technique.The different sintering temperatures for different time have strong influence on the structure,initial discharge capacity and cycling performance of the lithium manganese oxide.It shows that the lithium manganese oxides sintered at 700℃for 10 h have a single spinel structure and better electrochemical properties.The initial discharging capacity can be up to 125.9 mAh·g^(-1),even after six cycles,it still retains 109.1 mAh·g^(-1).展开更多
Manganese-doped Ba（0.925）Ca（0.075）TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics（abbreviated as BCT）with high mechanical quality factor were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method.The effects of excess B...Manganese-doped Ba（0.925）Ca（0.075）TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics（abbreviated as BCT）with high mechanical quality factor were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method.The effects of excess Ba on the crystal structure,microstructure,and electrical properties of the ceramics were systematically investigated.X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra revealed that Ca^2＋ions were pushed from Ba sites to Ti sites of BCT when 1.5 mol%extra Ba^2＋ions were added after sintering.The grain size of the ceramics was decreased by adding extra Ba^2＋ions.The mechanical quality factor and resistivity of the ceramics decreased dramatically when the excess Ba was more than 1.5 mol%.High piezoelectric coefficients（d（33）=150-190 pC/N）and high mechanical quality factors（Qm=1 000-1 200）were obtained in the ceramics when the excess of Ba was between 0.5 mol%and 1 mol%.These results indicated that the properties of BCT ceramics could be tailored by adjusting the content of Ba.展开更多
Several typical high dielectric constant materials are reviewed to study the electrical properties and relaxation mechanism. It is found that a Lorenz-type law can be used to describe the dielectric permit- tivity of ...Several typical high dielectric constant materials are reviewed to study the electrical properties and relaxation mechanism. It is found that a Lorenz-type law can be used to describe the dielectric permit- tivity of either the normal ferroelectrics with or without diffuse phase transitions (DPT) or the typical ferroelectric relaxors. The ferroelectric DPT can be well described by just one fitting process using the Lorenz-type law, while the relaxor ferroelectric transition needs two independent fitting processes. The Lorenz-type law fails at the low temperature side of the dielectric maximum of a first-order ferroelectric phase transition. Above the transition temperature, the dielectric curves of all the studied materials can be well described by a Lorenz-type law.展开更多
文摘高温熔盐泵是钍基熔盐仿真堆(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor-Solid Fuel,TMSR-SF0)一回路系统的关键设备,设计温度高达700°C,其结构完整性对反应堆安全运行至关重要。针对TMSR-SF0高温熔盐泵泵罐初始平封头设计方案应力过大问题,提出了三角形、单井形及双井形三种筋板优化方案,研究了筋板间距对双井方案泵罐应力的影响,制定了泵罐的最终设计方案,按照美国机械工程师协会(American Society of Mechanical Engineers,ASME)标准第III卷第5册对其进行了评定。结果表明:三种方案均可大幅降低泵罐应力水平,双井方案最优,单井方案次之,三角形方案最差;泵罐最终设计方案为双井方案,此方案可使泵罐应力由413.4 MPa下降至65.4 MPa,应力降幅高达84.2%,并通过了ASME标准评定。
文摘随着钍基熔盐堆核能系统(Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Nuclear Energy System,TMSR)由实验堆向研究堆、示范堆及商用堆发展,其轴系演变为由液下轴承支承的细长柔性转子结构。高温熔盐泵是钍基核能系统的主要动力部件,是TMSR的心脏设备。熔盐泵的运行稳定性和可靠性取决于液下轴承的支撑特性。本文采用数值模拟对液下轴承进行理论计算分析,并结合试验研究了不同偏心率对液下轴承支撑特性的影响。结果显示:随着转速增大,液下轴承的偏心率不断减小;随着偏心率的增大,液下轴承支撑的正交刚度和阻尼不断增大,交叉刚度和阻尼的数值也不断增大,液下轴承的最小液膜厚度不断减小。当偏心率大于0.6时,由于最小液膜厚度较薄,液下轴承的压力以零和零梯度结束。此时液下轴承在实际运转中存在液膜失效导致液下轴承磨损严重,此结果在试验中得到了验证。本文研究成果为超高温长轴熔盐泵液下轴承的设计提供了理论指导和试验数据支撑。
基金This work was financially supported by the Program of YET and NCET and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of MOE of China(No.20050699011).
文摘Spinel LiMn_(2)O_(4)has been considered to be the most promising alternative cathode material for the new generation of lithium-ion batteries in terms of its low cost,non-toxicity and easy manufacture.The spinel lithium manganese mixed oxides were prepared from lithium nitrate,manganese nitrate and citric acid by a sol-gel method and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,X-ray diffraction,cyclic voltammetry and constant current charging-discharging technique.The different sintering temperatures for different time have strong influence on the structure,initial discharge capacity and cycling performance of the lithium manganese oxide.It shows that the lithium manganese oxides sintered at 700℃for 10 h have a single spinel structure and better electrochemical properties.The initial discharging capacity can be up to 125.9 mAh·g^(-1),even after six cycles,it still retains 109.1 mAh·g^(-1).
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672220)the 111 Program(No.B08040)of MOE+3 种基金the National Defense Science Foundation(No.32102060303)the Xi’an Science and Technology Foundation(Nos.2017XAKJCGZH-10 and 2017086CG-RC049-XBGY005)the Shaanxi Provincial Science Foundation(No.2017KW-018)the NPU Gaofeng Project(No.17GH020824)of China
文摘Manganese-doped Ba（0.925）Ca（0.075）TiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics（abbreviated as BCT）with high mechanical quality factor were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method.The effects of excess Ba on the crystal structure,microstructure,and electrical properties of the ceramics were systematically investigated.X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra revealed that Ca^2＋ions were pushed from Ba sites to Ti sites of BCT when 1.5 mol%extra Ba^2＋ions were added after sintering.The grain size of the ceramics was decreased by adding extra Ba^2＋ions.The mechanical quality factor and resistivity of the ceramics decreased dramatically when the excess Ba was more than 1.5 mol%.High piezoelectric coefficients（d（33）=150-190 pC/N）and high mechanical quality factors（Qm=1 000-1 200）were obtained in the ceramics when the excess of Ba was between 0.5 mol%and 1 mol%.These results indicated that the properties of BCT ceramics could be tailored by adjusting the content of Ba.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50672075)New Century Excellent Talents (Grant No. 05-087)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. 200703)Xi’an Science & Technology Foundation (Grant No. CXY08006) and 111 Project (Grant No. B08040)
文摘Several typical high dielectric constant materials are reviewed to study the electrical properties and relaxation mechanism. It is found that a Lorenz-type law can be used to describe the dielectric permit- tivity of either the normal ferroelectrics with or without diffuse phase transitions (DPT) or the typical ferroelectric relaxors. The ferroelectric DPT can be well described by just one fitting process using the Lorenz-type law, while the relaxor ferroelectric transition needs two independent fitting processes. The Lorenz-type law fails at the low temperature side of the dielectric maximum of a first-order ferroelectric phase transition. Above the transition temperature, the dielectric curves of all the studied materials can be well described by a Lorenz-type law.
