An experiment with seven N, P, K-fertilizer treatments, i.e., control (no fertilizer), NP, NK, PK, NPK, NP2K, and NPK2 where P2 and K2 indicate double amounts of P and K fertilizers respectively, was conducted to exam...An experiment with seven N, P, K-fertilizer treatments, i.e., control (no fertilizer), NP, NK, PK, NPK, NP2K, and NPK2 where P2 and K2 indicate double amounts of P and K fertilizers respectively, was conducted to examine the effect of long-term continuous application of chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass and functional diversity of a black soil (Udoll in the USDA Soil Taxonomy) in Northeast China. The soil microbial biomass C ranged between 94 and 145 mg kg-1, with the NK treatment showing a lower biomass; the functional diversity of soil microbial community ranged from 4.13 to 4.25, with an increasing tendency from control to double-fertilizer treatments, and to triple-fertilizer treatments. The soil microbial biomass, and the microbial functional diversity and evenness did not show any significant differences among the different fertilizer treatments including control, suggesting that the long-term application of chemical fertilization would not result in significant changes in the microbial characteristics of the black soil.展开更多
Evapotranspiration, soil moisture balance and the dynamics in a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau in China were determined with 6 land use treatments including natural grassland, shrubs (Caragana microphylla), two ...Evapotranspiration, soil moisture balance and the dynamics in a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau in China were determined with 6 land use treatments including natural grassland, shrubs (Caragana microphylla), two woodlands (Prunus armeniaca var. ansu and Pmus tabulaeformis), cultivated fallow, and farmland (Triticum aestivum L.) in order to obtain a better understanding of soil moisture balance principles and to improve vegetation restoration efficiency for ecological rebuilding on the plateau. Average runoff from cultivated fallow was very high, reaching 10.3% of the seasonal rainfall. Evapotranspiration under T. aestivum was not significantly different from natural grasslands. Compared with natural grass, evapotranspiration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in 2002 and there was an increase in soil moisture depleted in the 1-3 m soil under P. armeniaca, P. tabulaeformis and C. microphylla. During the two years of the study the average soil moisture (0-100 cm soil profile) of T. aestivum was generally the highest, with P. armeniaca, P. tabulaeformis and C. microphylla usually the lowest. Thus, according to the soil moisture balance principle for this area the planned reforestation project was not ecologically reasonable. Reducing human disturbance and restoration with grass could be more effective.展开更多
Guanting 水库，饮用水供给之一北京采购原料，受不了水超营养作用。它主要在 Guishui 河边被供应。因此，调查磷(P) 损失的原因并且在 Guishui 河分水岭改进 P 管理策略为在这个区域的饮用水的安全是重要的。在这研究，评价计划(PRS )...Guanting 水库，饮用水供给之一北京采购原料，受不了水超营养作用。它主要在 Guishui 河边被供应。因此，调查磷(P) 损失的原因并且在 Guishui 河分水岭改进 P 管理策略为在这个区域的饮用水的安全是重要的。在这研究，评价计划(PRS ) 的修订领域 P 被开发基于领域 PRS 在领域规模反映 P 损失的领域危险。在这个新计划，六个因素被包括，并且每一个被分配相对重量和一个决心方法。影响因素被分类进运输因素和来源因素，并且，地面水和土壤侵蚀分类和中国的降级上的环境质量的标准在这个计划被使用。由新计划， Guishui 河里的 34 块地作为“低”被分类，为进流量的 P 损失的“中等”或“高”的潜力。结果证明果园和蔬菜领域的 P 损失风险比玉米和大豆领域的高。来源因素是主要因素从学习区域影响 P 损失。在学习区域，控制 P 输入和改善 P 用法效率对减少 P 损失批评。基于结果，自从他们让极其高的用法 P 和 P 的高土壤测试评价，更多的注意应该在蔬菜和果园的领域上被给予，这被建议。与由领域大小的 P 剩余相比，修订领域 PRS 对反映领域的特征更合适，并且有更高潜在的能力比 PRS 识别 P 损失的批评来源区域。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40321101)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2005CB121105) the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.KZCX1-SW-19 and KZCX2-YW-408).
文摘An experiment with seven N, P, K-fertilizer treatments, i.e., control (no fertilizer), NP, NK, PK, NPK, NP2K, and NPK2 where P2 and K2 indicate double amounts of P and K fertilizers respectively, was conducted to examine the effect of long-term continuous application of chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass and functional diversity of a black soil (Udoll in the USDA Soil Taxonomy) in Northeast China. The soil microbial biomass C ranged between 94 and 145 mg kg-1, with the NK treatment showing a lower biomass; the functional diversity of soil microbial community ranged from 4.13 to 4.25, with an increasing tendency from control to double-fertilizer treatments, and to triple-fertilizer treatments. The soil microbial biomass, and the microbial functional diversity and evenness did not show any significant differences among the different fertilizer treatments including control, suggesting that the long-term application of chemical fertilization would not result in significant changes in the microbial characteristics of the black soil.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Advanced Project of the Tenth Five-year Plan(No. 2001BA606A-03) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40321101).
文摘Evapotranspiration, soil moisture balance and the dynamics in a gully catchment of the Loess Plateau in China were determined with 6 land use treatments including natural grassland, shrubs (Caragana microphylla), two woodlands (Prunus armeniaca var. ansu and Pmus tabulaeformis), cultivated fallow, and farmland (Triticum aestivum L.) in order to obtain a better understanding of soil moisture balance principles and to improve vegetation restoration efficiency for ecological rebuilding on the plateau. Average runoff from cultivated fallow was very high, reaching 10.3% of the seasonal rainfall. Evapotranspiration under T. aestivum was not significantly different from natural grasslands. Compared with natural grass, evapotranspiration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in 2002 and there was an increase in soil moisture depleted in the 1-3 m soil under P. armeniaca, P. tabulaeformis and C. microphylla. During the two years of the study the average soil moisture (0-100 cm soil profile) of T. aestivum was generally the highest, with P. armeniaca, P. tabulaeformis and C. microphylla usually the lowest. Thus, according to the soil moisture balance principle for this area the planned reforestation project was not ecologically reasonable. Reducing human disturbance and restoration with grass could be more effective.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005CB121107)the Innovation Research Group of National Basic Research Program of China(No.2005).
文摘Guanting 水库，饮用水供给之一北京采购原料，受不了水超营养作用。它主要在 Guishui 河边被供应。因此，调查磷(P) 损失的原因并且在 Guishui 河分水岭改进 P 管理策略为在这个区域的饮用水的安全是重要的。在这研究，评价计划(PRS ) 的修订领域 P 被开发基于领域 PRS 在领域规模反映 P 损失的领域危险。在这个新计划，六个因素被包括，并且每一个被分配相对重量和一个决心方法。影响因素被分类进运输因素和来源因素，并且，地面水和土壤侵蚀分类和中国的降级上的环境质量的标准在这个计划被使用。由新计划， Guishui 河里的 34 块地作为“低”被分类，为进流量的 P 损失的“中等”或“高”的潜力。结果证明果园和蔬菜领域的 P 损失风险比玉米和大豆领域的高。来源因素是主要因素从学习区域影响 P 损失。在学习区域，控制 P 输入和改善 P 用法效率对减少 P 损失批评。基于结果，自从他们让极其高的用法 P 和 P 的高土壤测试评价，更多的注意应该在蔬菜和果园的领域上被给予，这被建议。与由领域大小的 P 剩余相比，修订领域 PRS 对反映领域的特征更合适，并且有更高潜在的能力比 PRS 识别 P 损失的批评来源区域。
