Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been ful...Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.展开更多
分布式充换电设施因充电功率小、调度关系复杂、空间集约程度低等难题,难以满足快速增长的电动汽车补能需求,因此具有统一调度主体、调度关系清晰、具备集中通信与管控能力的集中充换电设施(centralized EV charging and battery swappi...分布式充换电设施因充电功率小、调度关系复杂、空间集约程度低等难题,难以满足快速增长的电动汽车补能需求,因此具有统一调度主体、调度关系清晰、具备集中通信与管控能力的集中充换电设施(centralized EV charging and battery swapping facilities,CCSF)成为构建充换电网络的关键。首先对CCSF的发展背景及典型适用场景进行介绍,总结梳理了典型EV负荷需求模拟方法,并对典型CCSF研究现状、结构组成和数学模型进行论述。然后从CCSF独立规划、计及CCSF的电网协同规划及电网与交通网协同规划三个维度分析CCSF规划研究现状。其次从有序充电策略、智能充电路径引导、计及CCSF的电网协同调度等方面总结CCSF的优化运行研究现状。最后结合CCSF研究瓶颈对未来研究工作进行展望。综上CCSF可满足EV快速补能需求,具有促进新能源消纳、提高电网承载能力、实现充电负荷有序管理、降低个体差异性影响、提升运行效率和促进系统低碳转型的优势。展开更多
Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commerciali...Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃.展开更多
Vehicles operating in space need to withstand extreme thermal and electromagnetic environments in light of the burgeoning of space science and technology.It is imperatively desired to high insulation materials with li...Vehicles operating in space need to withstand extreme thermal and electromagnetic environments in light of the burgeoning of space science and technology.It is imperatively desired to high insulation materials with lightweight and extensive mechanical properties.Herein,a boron-silica-tantalum ternary hybrid phenolic aerogel(BSiTa-PA)with exceptional thermal stability,extensive mechanical strength,low thermal conductivity(49.6 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),and heightened ablative resistance is prepared by an expeditious method.After extremely thermal erosion,the obtained carbon aerogel demonstrates noteworthy electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance with an efficiency of 31.6 dB,accompanied by notable loading property with specific modulus of 272.8 kN·m kg^(-1).This novel design concept has laid the foundation for the development of insulation materials in more complex extreme environments.展开更多
Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of c...Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of concern is the lack of reliable tumor markers to predict treatment efficacy and guide tailored care.Due to its dynamic,effective,and non-invasive benefits over tissue biopsy,the detection of minimal or molecular residual lesions(MRD)based on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is beneficial to the clinical development of drugs for patients with CRC after radical treatment,as well as for continuous monitoring of tumor recurrence and malignancy molecular gene evolution.The detection of ctDNA can currently be used to guide individual postoperative auxiliary treatment decisions(upgrade or downgrade treatment)in CRC,stratify the risk of clinical recurrence more precisely,and predict the risk of recurrence in advance of imaging examination,according to a large number of observational or prospective clinical studies.With increasing clarity comes the possibility of selecting a regimen of treatment based on postoperative ctDNA,which also improves the accuracy of clinical recurrence risk assessment for CRC.Therefore,it is anticipated that the identification of ctDNA would alter the current framework for dealing with CRC and lead to individualized,stratified precision therapy;however,additional confirmation will require subsequent high-quality,prospective,large-scale randomized controlled studies.This article will provide an overview of the definition and clinical significance of MRD,the primary indications and technological challenges for MRD detection,along with the advancement in clinical research about ctDNA detection following radical resection of the CRC.展开更多
The population of the green sea turtle(Chelonia mydas)is under decline,threatened by bycatch and illegal acquisition despite worldwide protection efforts.However,the confiscation of illegally acquired sea turtles coul...The population of the green sea turtle(Chelonia mydas)is under decline,threatened by bycatch and illegal acquisition despite worldwide protection efforts.However,the confiscation of illegally acquired sea turtles could aid in tracking their origin and movement patterns,crucial for effective conservation strategies.Combining satellite tracking and genetic analysis offers an opportunity to investigate the relationship between the origins and migration directions of green sea turtles in the western Pacific.Here,we applied two methods to investigate the spatial ecology of 18 green turtles caught as bycatch in the South China Sea.Our results revealed the genetic origins and diverse movements of the turtles.Bayesian Mixed Stock Analysis(MSA)suggested that these turtles originated from the rookery of the Xisha Islands(49.6%),central Ryukyu(24.6%),NE Borneo(8%),and the Sulu Sea(5.2%),with other rookeries in meagre proportions(<2%each).Satellite tracking showed the ranges of their travel were smaller than the whole contributed rookery range,but diverse.The haplotype diversity of these turtles is high,and CmP19 stands out as both the most frequent and the most diverse haplotype in terms of swimming destinations.These results indicate that the South China Sea is likely an important transportation hub and mating spot for green turtles.Our findings provided evidence for the rehabilitation of these green turtles in the wild and illustrated the complexity of movement during the green turtle’s life history,and the“mixed backgrounds”of the green turtles also highlight the need for joint conservation efforts of neighbouring countries in the South China Sea.展开更多
Islet beta cells(β-cells)produce insulin in response to high blood glucose levels,which is essential for preserving glucose homeostasis.Voltage-gated ion channels inβ-cells,including Na+,K+,and Ca2+channels,aid in t...Islet beta cells(β-cells)produce insulin in response to high blood glucose levels,which is essential for preserving glucose homeostasis.Voltage-gated ion channels inβ-cells,including Na+,K+,and Ca2+channels,aid in the release of insulin.The epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit(α-ENaC),a voltage-independent sodium ion channel,is also expressed in human pancreatic endocrine cells.However,there is no reported study on the function of ENaC in theβ-cells.In the current study,we found thatα-ENaC was expressed in human pancreatic glandule and pancreatic isletβ-cells.In the pancreas of db/db mice and high-fat diet-induced mice,and in mouse isletβ-cells(MIN6 cells)treated with palmitate,α-ENaC expression was increased.Whenα-ENaC was overexpressed in MIN6 cells,insulin content and glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly reduced.On the other hand,palmitate injured isletβ-cells and suppressed insulin synthesis and secretion,but increasedα-ENaC expression in MIN6 cells.However,α-ENaC knockout(Scnn1a−/−)in MIN6 cells attenuatedβ-cell disorder induced by palmitate.Furthermore,α-ENaC regulated the ubiquitylation and degradation of sirtuin 2 inβ-cells.α-ENaC also modulatedβ-cell function in correlation with the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha/X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α/XBP1)and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/C/EBP homologous protein(PERK/CHOP)endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.These results suggest thatα-ENaC may play a novel role in insulin synthesis and secretion in theβ-cells,and the upregulation ofα-ENaC promotes isletβ-cell dysfunction.In conclusion,α-ENaC may be a key regulator involved in isletβ-cell damage and a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFD1300400)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010944)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202201011730).
文摘Background The benefits of combining benzoic acid and essential oils(BAO)to mitigate intestinal impairment during the weaning process have been well established,while the detailed underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Previous research has primarily focused on the reparative effects of BAO on intestinal injury,while neglecting its potential in enhancing intestinal stress resistance.Methods In this study,we investigated the pre-protective effect of BAO against LPS-induced stress using a modified experimental procedure.Piglets were pre-supplemented with BAO for 14 d,followed by a challenge with LPS or saline to collect blood and intestinal samples.Results Our findings demonstrated that BAO supplementation led to significant improvements in piglets’final weight,average daily gain,and feed intake/body gain ratio.Additionally,BAO supplementation positively influenced the composition of intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial Actinobacteriota and Alloprevotella while reducing harmful Desulfobacterota,Prevotella and Oscillospira.Furthermore,BAO supplementation effectively mitigated oxidative disturbances and inflammatory responses induced by acute LPS challenge.This was evidenced by elevated levels of T-AOC,SOD,and GSH,as well as decreased levels of MDA,TNF-α,and IL-6 in the plasma.Moreover,piglets subjected to LPS challenge and pre-supplemented with BAO exhibited significant improvements in intestinal morphological structure and enhanced integrity,as indicated by restored expression levels of Occludin and Claudin-1 compared to the non-supplemented counterparts.Further analysis revealed that BAO supplementation enhanced the jejunal antioxidative capacity by increasing GSH-Px levels and decreasing MDA levels under the LPS challenge and stimulated the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Additionally,the reduction of TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways activation and proinflammatory factor were also observed in the jejunal of those piglets fed with BAO.Conclusions In summary,our study demonstrates that pre-supplementation of BAO enhances the anti-stress capacity of weaned piglets by improving intestinal microbiota composition,reinforcing the intestinal barrier,and enhancing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities.These effects are closely associated with the activation of Nrf2 and TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
文摘分布式充换电设施因充电功率小、调度关系复杂、空间集约程度低等难题,难以满足快速增长的电动汽车补能需求,因此具有统一调度主体、调度关系清晰、具备集中通信与管控能力的集中充换电设施(centralized EV charging and battery swapping facilities,CCSF)成为构建充换电网络的关键。首先对CCSF的发展背景及典型适用场景进行介绍,总结梳理了典型EV负荷需求模拟方法,并对典型CCSF研究现状、结构组成和数学模型进行论述。然后从CCSF独立规划、计及CCSF的电网协同规划及电网与交通网协同规划三个维度分析CCSF规划研究现状。其次从有序充电策略、智能充电路径引导、计及CCSF的电网协同调度等方面总结CCSF的优化运行研究现状。最后结合CCSF研究瓶颈对未来研究工作进行展望。综上CCSF可满足EV快速补能需求,具有促进新能源消纳、提高电网承载能力、实现充电负荷有序管理、降低个体差异性影响、提升运行效率和促进系统低碳转型的优势。
基金the financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450201)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0209600)+2 种基金USTC Research Funds of the Double FirstClass Initiative(YD2060002033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000060)the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(KY2060000199)。
文摘Chloride solid electrolytes possess multiple advantages for the construction of safe,energy-dense allsolid-state sodium batteries,but presently the chlorides with sufficiently high cost-competitiveness for commercialization almost all exhibit low Na-ion conductivities of around 10^(-5)S cm^(-1)or lower.Here,we report a chloride solid electrolyte,Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7),which reaches a Na-ion conductivity of 2.29×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 25℃without involving overly expensive raw materials such as rare-earth chlorides or Na_(2)S.In addition to the efficient ion transport,Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)also shows an excellent deformability surpassing that of the widely studied Na_(3)PS_(4),Na_(3)SbS_(4),and Na_(2)ZrCl_(6)solid electrolytes.The combination of these advantages allows the all-solid-state cell based on Na_(2.7)ZrCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)and NaCrO_(2)to realize stable room-temperature cycling at a much higher specific current than those based on other non-viscoelastic chloride solid electrolytes in literature(120 mA g^(-1)vs.12-55 mA g^(-1));after 100 cycles at such a high rate,the Na_(2.7)ZFCl_(5.3)O_(0.7)-based cell can still deliver a discharge capacity of 80 mAh g^(-1)at25℃.
基金the support from the Joint Fund of Advanced Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Research of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1837601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273255)+3 种基金NASF Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Engineering Physics(U2130118)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732029)Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX2023092)Undergraduate Innovation&Business Program in Northwestern Polytechnical University(XN2022226)。
文摘Vehicles operating in space need to withstand extreme thermal and electromagnetic environments in light of the burgeoning of space science and technology.It is imperatively desired to high insulation materials with lightweight and extensive mechanical properties.Herein,a boron-silica-tantalum ternary hybrid phenolic aerogel(BSiTa-PA)with exceptional thermal stability,extensive mechanical strength,low thermal conductivity(49.6 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),and heightened ablative resistance is prepared by an expeditious method.After extremely thermal erosion,the obtained carbon aerogel demonstrates noteworthy electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding performance with an efficiency of 31.6 dB,accompanied by notable loading property with specific modulus of 272.8 kN·m kg^(-1).This novel design concept has laid the foundation for the development of insulation materials in more complex extreme environments.
基金supported by grants from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202211017)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(No.SZXK014).
文摘Although there has been significant advancement in the identification and management of colorectal cancer(CRC)in recent years,there is still room for improvement in the current standard treatment regimen.One area of concern is the lack of reliable tumor markers to predict treatment efficacy and guide tailored care.Due to its dynamic,effective,and non-invasive benefits over tissue biopsy,the detection of minimal or molecular residual lesions(MRD)based on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is beneficial to the clinical development of drugs for patients with CRC after radical treatment,as well as for continuous monitoring of tumor recurrence and malignancy molecular gene evolution.The detection of ctDNA can currently be used to guide individual postoperative auxiliary treatment decisions(upgrade or downgrade treatment)in CRC,stratify the risk of clinical recurrence more precisely,and predict the risk of recurrence in advance of imaging examination,according to a large number of observational or prospective clinical studies.With increasing clarity comes the possibility of selecting a regimen of treatment based on postoperative ctDNA,which also improves the accuracy of clinical recurrence risk assessment for CRC.Therefore,it is anticipated that the identification of ctDNA would alter the current framework for dealing with CRC and lead to individualized,stratified precision therapy;however,additional confirmation will require subsequent high-quality,prospective,large-scale randomized controlled studies.This article will provide an overview of the definition and clinical significance of MRD,the primary indications and technological challenges for MRD detection,along with the advancement in clinical research about ctDNA detection following radical resection of the CRC.
基金supported by the Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology,the Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Branch of the China Wildlife Conservation Association,and Ocean Park Hong Kong.
文摘The population of the green sea turtle(Chelonia mydas)is under decline,threatened by bycatch and illegal acquisition despite worldwide protection efforts.However,the confiscation of illegally acquired sea turtles could aid in tracking their origin and movement patterns,crucial for effective conservation strategies.Combining satellite tracking and genetic analysis offers an opportunity to investigate the relationship between the origins and migration directions of green sea turtles in the western Pacific.Here,we applied two methods to investigate the spatial ecology of 18 green turtles caught as bycatch in the South China Sea.Our results revealed the genetic origins and diverse movements of the turtles.Bayesian Mixed Stock Analysis(MSA)suggested that these turtles originated from the rookery of the Xisha Islands(49.6%),central Ryukyu(24.6%),NE Borneo(8%),and the Sulu Sea(5.2%),with other rookeries in meagre proportions(<2%each).Satellite tracking showed the ranges of their travel were smaller than the whole contributed rookery range,but diverse.The haplotype diversity of these turtles is high,and CmP19 stands out as both the most frequent and the most diverse haplotype in terms of swimming destinations.These results indicate that the South China Sea is likely an important transportation hub and mating spot for green turtles.Our findings provided evidence for the rehabilitation of these green turtles in the wild and illustrated the complexity of movement during the green turtle’s life history,and the“mixed backgrounds”of the green turtles also highlight the need for joint conservation efforts of neighbouring countries in the South China Sea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81870467 and 82270717 to XL,and 81970673 to FC)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731630 to XZhang)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX21_1588 to XZhou).
文摘Islet beta cells(β-cells)produce insulin in response to high blood glucose levels,which is essential for preserving glucose homeostasis.Voltage-gated ion channels inβ-cells,including Na+,K+,and Ca2+channels,aid in the release of insulin.The epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit(α-ENaC),a voltage-independent sodium ion channel,is also expressed in human pancreatic endocrine cells.However,there is no reported study on the function of ENaC in theβ-cells.In the current study,we found thatα-ENaC was expressed in human pancreatic glandule and pancreatic isletβ-cells.In the pancreas of db/db mice and high-fat diet-induced mice,and in mouse isletβ-cells(MIN6 cells)treated with palmitate,α-ENaC expression was increased.Whenα-ENaC was overexpressed in MIN6 cells,insulin content and glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly reduced.On the other hand,palmitate injured isletβ-cells and suppressed insulin synthesis and secretion,but increasedα-ENaC expression in MIN6 cells.However,α-ENaC knockout(Scnn1a−/−)in MIN6 cells attenuatedβ-cell disorder induced by palmitate.Furthermore,α-ENaC regulated the ubiquitylation and degradation of sirtuin 2 inβ-cells.α-ENaC also modulatedβ-cell function in correlation with the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha/X-box binding protein 1(IRE1α/XBP1)and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/C/EBP homologous protein(PERK/CHOP)endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.These results suggest thatα-ENaC may play a novel role in insulin synthesis and secretion in theβ-cells,and the upregulation ofα-ENaC promotes isletβ-cell dysfunction.In conclusion,α-ENaC may be a key regulator involved in isletβ-cell damage and a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
