Background:The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonate.Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status ...Background:The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonate.Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome,who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A)treatment.However,it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021,we collected the whole raw time-lapse videos at multiple focal planes from in vitro cultured embryos,the clinical information of couples,and the comprehensive chromosome screening results of those blastocysts that had received PGT treatment.Initially,we developed a novel deep learning model called the Attentive Multi-Focus Selection Network(AMSNet)to analyze time-lapse videos in real time and predict blastocyst formation.Building upon AMSNet,we integrated additional clinically predictive variables and created a second deep learning model,the Attentive Multi-Focus Video and Clinical Information Fusion Network(AMCFNet),to assess the euploidy status of embryos.The efficacy of the AMCFNet was further tested in embryos with parental chromosomal rearrangements.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the superiority of the model.Results:A total of 4112 embryos with complete time-lapse videos were enrolled for the blastocyst formation prediction task,and 1422 qualified blastocysts received PGT-A(n=589)or PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangement(PGT-SR,n=833)were enrolled for the euploidy assessment task in this study.The AMSNet model using seven focal raw time-lapse videos has the best real-time accuracy.The real-time accuracy for AMSNet to predict blastocyst formation reached above 70%on the day 2 of embryo culture,and then increased to 80%on the day 4 of embryo culture.Combing with 4 clinical features of couples,the AUC of AMCFNet with 7 focal points increased to 0.729 in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement.Conclusion:Integrating seven focal raw time-lapse images of embryos and parental clinical information,AMCFNet model have the capability of assessing euploidy status in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement.展开更多
Frosting occurs due to the freezing of condensed water droplets on a supercooled surface.The nucleated frost propagates through interdroplet bridges and covers the entire surface,resulting from the deposition of highl...Frosting occurs due to the freezing of condensed water droplets on a supercooled surface.The nucleated frost propagates through interdroplet bridges and covers the entire surface,resulting from the deposition of highly supersaturated vapor surrounding tiny droplets.While inhibition of the formation of frost bridges is not possible,the propagation of frost can be delayed by effectively removing tiny droplets.Passive technologies,such as superhydrophobic surfaces(SHS)and hydrophobic slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS),rely on static growth and direct contact with densely distributed droplets.However,use of these approaches in delaying frost propagation involves challenges,as the interdroplet distance remains small.Here,we report a new approach of spontaneous droplet movement on hydrophilic SLIPS to delay the formation of interdroplet frost bridges.Surface tension forces generated by the hydrophilic oil meniscus of a large water droplet efficiently pull neighboring droplets with a diameter of less than 20μm from all directions.This causes a dynamic separation between water droplets and an adjacent frozen droplet.Such a process delays the formation and propagation of interdroplet frost bridges.Consequently,there is significant delay in frosting on hydrophilic SLIPS compared to those on SHS and hydrophobic SLIPS.展开更多
Complementary sex determination(CSD)is a widespread sex determination mechanism in haplodiploid Hymenoptera.Under CSD,sex is determined by the allelic state of one or multiple CSD loci.Heterozygosity at one or more lo...Complementary sex determination(CSD)is a widespread sex determination mechanism in haplodiploid Hymenoptera.Under CSD,sex is determined by the allelic state of one or multiple CSD loci.Heterozygosity at one or more loci leads to female development,whereas hemizygosity of haploid eggs and homozygosity of diploid eggs results in male development.Sexual(arrhenotokous)reproduction normally yields haploid male and diploid female offspring.Under asexual reproduction(thelytoky),diploidized unfertilized eggs develop into females.Thelytoky is often induced by bacterial endosymbionts that achieve egg diploidization by gamete duplication.As gamete duplication leads to complete homozygosity,endosymbiont-induced thelytokous reproduction is presumed to be incompatible with CSD,which relies on heterozygosity for female development.Previously,we excluded CSD in four Asobara(Braconidae)species and proposed a two-step mechanism for Wolbachia-induced thelytoky in Asobara japonica.Here,we conclusively reject CSD in two cynipid wasp species,Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina clavipes.We further show that thelytoky in L.clavipes depends on Wolbachia titer but that diploidization and feminization steps cannot be separated,unlike in A.japonica.We discuss what these results reveal about the sex determination mechanism of L.clavipes and the presumed incompatibility between CSD and endosymbiont-induced thelytoky in the Hymenoptera.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Found of China(No.81270750)Natural Science Found of Guangdong China(No.2019A1515011845)+1 种基金Stem Cell Research Founding from Chinese Medical Association(No.19020010780)Sun Yat-sen University 5010 Clinical Research Project(No.2023003).
文摘Background:The goal of the assisted reproductive treatment is to transfer one euploid blastocyst and to help infertile women giving birth one healthy neonate.Some algorithms have been used to assess the ploidy status of embryos derived from couples with normal chromosome,who subjected to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A)treatment.However,it is currently unknown whether artificial intelligence model can be used to assess the euploidy status of blastocyst derived from populations with chromosomal rearrangement.Methods:From February 2020 to May 2021,we collected the whole raw time-lapse videos at multiple focal planes from in vitro cultured embryos,the clinical information of couples,and the comprehensive chromosome screening results of those blastocysts that had received PGT treatment.Initially,we developed a novel deep learning model called the Attentive Multi-Focus Selection Network(AMSNet)to analyze time-lapse videos in real time and predict blastocyst formation.Building upon AMSNet,we integrated additional clinically predictive variables and created a second deep learning model,the Attentive Multi-Focus Video and Clinical Information Fusion Network(AMCFNet),to assess the euploidy status of embryos.The efficacy of the AMCFNet was further tested in embryos with parental chromosomal rearrangements.The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to evaluate the superiority of the model.Results:A total of 4112 embryos with complete time-lapse videos were enrolled for the blastocyst formation prediction task,and 1422 qualified blastocysts received PGT-A(n=589)or PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangement(PGT-SR,n=833)were enrolled for the euploidy assessment task in this study.The AMSNet model using seven focal raw time-lapse videos has the best real-time accuracy.The real-time accuracy for AMSNet to predict blastocyst formation reached above 70%on the day 2 of embryo culture,and then increased to 80%on the day 4 of embryo culture.Combing with 4 clinical features of couples,the AUC of AMCFNet with 7 focal points increased to 0.729 in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement.Conclusion:Integrating seven focal raw time-lapse images of embryos and parental clinical information,AMCFNet model have the capability of assessing euploidy status in blastocysts derived from couples with chromosomal rearrangement.
基金Startup Funding by the University of Texas at DallasNational Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2044348Army Research Office Young Investigator Program,Grant/Award Number:W911NF1910416。
文摘Frosting occurs due to the freezing of condensed water droplets on a supercooled surface.The nucleated frost propagates through interdroplet bridges and covers the entire surface,resulting from the deposition of highly supersaturated vapor surrounding tiny droplets.While inhibition of the formation of frost bridges is not possible,the propagation of frost can be delayed by effectively removing tiny droplets.Passive technologies,such as superhydrophobic surfaces(SHS)and hydrophobic slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS),rely on static growth and direct contact with densely distributed droplets.However,use of these approaches in delaying frost propagation involves challenges,as the interdroplet distance remains small.Here,we report a new approach of spontaneous droplet movement on hydrophilic SLIPS to delay the formation of interdroplet frost bridges.Surface tension forces generated by the hydrophilic oil meniscus of a large water droplet efficiently pull neighboring droplets with a diameter of less than 20μm from all directions.This causes a dynamic separation between water droplets and an adjacent frozen droplet.Such a process delays the formation and propagation of interdroplet frost bridges.Consequently,there is significant delay in frosting on hydrophilic SLIPS compared to those on SHS and hydrophobic SLIPS.
基金This work was supported by China Scholarship Council grant no.201506300038Open Programme grant 824.15.015 of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research(NWO).
文摘Complementary sex determination(CSD)is a widespread sex determination mechanism in haplodiploid Hymenoptera.Under CSD,sex is determined by the allelic state of one or multiple CSD loci.Heterozygosity at one or more loci leads to female development,whereas hemizygosity of haploid eggs and homozygosity of diploid eggs results in male development.Sexual(arrhenotokous)reproduction normally yields haploid male and diploid female offspring.Under asexual reproduction(thelytoky),diploidized unfertilized eggs develop into females.Thelytoky is often induced by bacterial endosymbionts that achieve egg diploidization by gamete duplication.As gamete duplication leads to complete homozygosity,endosymbiont-induced thelytokous reproduction is presumed to be incompatible with CSD,which relies on heterozygosity for female development.Previously,we excluded CSD in four Asobara(Braconidae)species and proposed a two-step mechanism for Wolbachia-induced thelytoky in Asobara japonica.Here,we conclusively reject CSD in two cynipid wasp species,Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina clavipes.We further show that thelytoky in L.clavipes depends on Wolbachia titer but that diploidization and feminization steps cannot be separated,unlike in A.japonica.We discuss what these results reveal about the sex determination mechanism of L.clavipes and the presumed incompatibility between CSD and endosymbiont-induced thelytoky in the Hymenoptera.
