Objective:Breast cancer(BC)with chest wall metastasis(CWM)usually shows rich neovascularization.This trial explored the clinical effect of apatinib on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative advanced B...Objective:Breast cancer(BC)with chest wall metastasis(CWM)usually shows rich neovascularization.This trial explored the clinical effect of apatinib on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative advanced BC involving CWM.Methods:This trial involved four centers in China and was conducted from September 2016 to March 2020.Patients received apatinib 500 mg/d[either alone or with endocrine therapy if hormone receptor-positive(HR+)]until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Progression-free survival(PFS)was the primary endpoint.Results:We evaluated 26 patients for efficacy.The median PFS(mPFS)and median overall survival(mOS)were4.9[range:2.0-28.5;95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.1-8.3]months and 18(range:3-55;95%CI:12.9-23.1)months,respectively.The objective response rate(ORR)was 42.3%(11/26),and the disease-control rate was76.9%(20/26).In the subgroup analysis,HR+patients compared with HR-negative patients had significantly improved mPFS of 7.0(95%CI:2.2-11.8)months vs.2.3(95%CI:1.2-3.4)months,respectively(P=0.001);and mPFS in patients without or with chest wall radiotherapy was 6.4(95%CI:1.6-19.5)months vs.3.0(95%CI:1.3-4.6)months,respectively(P=0.041).In the multivariate analysis,HR+status was the only independent predictive factor for favorable PFS(P=0.014).Conclusions:Apatinib was highly effective for BC patients with CWM,especially when combined with endocrine therapy.PFS improved significantly in patients with HR+status who did not receive chest wall radiotherapy.However,adverse events were serious and should be carefully monitored from the beginning of apatinib treatment.展开更多
Essential oil(EO)has significant antifungal activity.However,there is limited information on the mechanism of the synergistic antifungal effect of the effective components of EO against fungi.In the present study,mole...Essential oil(EO)has significant antifungal activity.However,there is limited information on the mechanism of the synergistic antifungal effect of the effective components of EO against fungi.In the present study,molecular electrostatic potential and molecular docking were used for the first time to investigate the synergistic antifungal mechanism of eugenol and citral small molecule(C_(EC))against Penicillium roqueforti.The results showed that the C_(EC)treatment made the activity ofβ-(1,3)-glucan synthase(GS)and chitin synthase(CS)decreas by 20.2%and 11.1%,respectively,and the contents of which decreased by 85.0%and 27.9%,respectively compared with the control group.Molecular docking revealed that C EC small molecules could bind to GS and CS through different amino acid residues,inhibiting their activity and synthesis.The C EC can combine with tryptophan,tyrosine,and phenylalanine in the cell membrane,causing damage to the cell membrane.The binding sites between small molecules and amino acids were mainly around the OH group.In addition,C EC affected the energy metabolism system and inhibited the glycolysis pathway.Simultaneously,C EC treatment reduced the ergosterol content in the cell membrane by 58.2%compared with the control group.Finally,changes in𝛽-galactosidase,metal ion leakage,and relative conductivity confirmed the destruction of the cell membrane,which resulted in the leakage of cell contents.The above results showed that C EC can kill P.roqueforti by inhibiting energy metabolism and destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.展开更多
The strategy of N-doping in carbon materials could provide additional Li-ion storage sites to improve their electrochemical properties. Heteroatom-containing polymers could serve as good precursors to fabricate doped ...The strategy of N-doping in carbon materials could provide additional Li-ion storage sites to improve their electrochemical properties. Heteroatom-containing polymers could serve as good precursors to fabricate doped carbons due to the capability to in situ dope heteroatoms into the structures, In this work, electrospun heterocyclic polyimide （PI） nanofiber membranes containing biphenyl and pyrimidine rings were carbonized to fabricate freestanding and flexible heteroatoms-containing carbon membranes. When the polymer membranes were subjected to various calcination temperatures （from 550℃ to 950 ℃） and durations （0.5-10 h）, the structural evolutions strongly affect their electrochemical properties as anodes for lithium ion batteries. It demonstrated that the reversible specific capacity of obtained sample treated at 650 ℃ for 3 h could achieve 695 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and retain 245 mAh/g at 1.5 A/g after 300 cycles. Furthermore, the electrospun membrane maintains a good electrochemical performance at bending state as a flexible electrode.展开更多
Introduction:Water such as precipitation is the most critical environment driver of ecosystem processes and functions in semi-arid regions.Frequency and intensity of drought and transient waterlogging are expected to ...Introduction:Water such as precipitation is the most critical environment driver of ecosystem processes and functions in semi-arid regions.Frequency and intensity of drought and transient waterlogging are expected to increase in the meadow steppe in northeastern China.Using a 4-year dataset of eddy covariance flux measurements,ground measurements of biomass,phenology,and meteorological conditions,we investigated the changes in energy fluxes at multiple temporal scales and under different precipitation regimes.Results:The meadow steppe was latent heat(LE)dominated when soil water content was>0.3 m3 m−3,but switched to sensible heat(H)dominated status when soil water content fell below 0.3 m3 m−3.LE dominated the energy exchange of the meadow grasslands on a yearly basis.Intensive precipitation had a profound impact on water-energy balance that could reduce the damages of drought by elevating deep soil moisture.The influence of LE on waterlogging depended on timing,with increased LE at the beginning of growing season and decreased LE after waterlogging.Spring and summer droughts resulted in different energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat energies,with spring drought dramatically decreased the LE fraction due to the change in water.In contrast,summer drought had little impact on LE due to the sufficient water input from large precipitation events at the beginning of the growing season.Conclusions:There existed great seasonal and interannual variabilities in energy balance and partitioning in the meadow steppe over the 4-year study period,which were strongly influenced by changes in precipitation.The water loss through latent heat was more sensitive to spring drought than to summer drought,while summer drought had negligible impact on LE.Waterlogging contributed to LE by enhancing its values during and after the waterlogged periods at the beginning of the growing season in a dry year,but lowering its value after the waterlogged periods in growing season.展开更多
文摘Objective:Breast cancer(BC)with chest wall metastasis(CWM)usually shows rich neovascularization.This trial explored the clinical effect of apatinib on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative advanced BC involving CWM.Methods:This trial involved four centers in China and was conducted from September 2016 to March 2020.Patients received apatinib 500 mg/d[either alone or with endocrine therapy if hormone receptor-positive(HR+)]until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Progression-free survival(PFS)was the primary endpoint.Results:We evaluated 26 patients for efficacy.The median PFS(mPFS)and median overall survival(mOS)were4.9[range:2.0-28.5;95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.1-8.3]months and 18(range:3-55;95%CI:12.9-23.1)months,respectively.The objective response rate(ORR)was 42.3%(11/26),and the disease-control rate was76.9%(20/26).In the subgroup analysis,HR+patients compared with HR-negative patients had significantly improved mPFS of 7.0(95%CI:2.2-11.8)months vs.2.3(95%CI:1.2-3.4)months,respectively(P=0.001);and mPFS in patients without or with chest wall radiotherapy was 6.4(95%CI:1.6-19.5)months vs.3.0(95%CI:1.3-4.6)months,respectively(P=0.041).In the multivariate analysis,HR+status was the only independent predictive factor for favorable PFS(P=0.014).Conclusions:Apatinib was highly effective for BC patients with CWM,especially when combined with endocrine therapy.PFS improved significantly in patients with HR+status who did not receive chest wall radiotherapy.However,adverse events were serious and should be carefully monitored from the beginning of apatinib treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202192)Special fund for Taishan Scholars Project,and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020MC213).
文摘Essential oil(EO)has significant antifungal activity.However,there is limited information on the mechanism of the synergistic antifungal effect of the effective components of EO against fungi.In the present study,molecular electrostatic potential and molecular docking were used for the first time to investigate the synergistic antifungal mechanism of eugenol and citral small molecule(C_(EC))against Penicillium roqueforti.The results showed that the C_(EC)treatment made the activity ofβ-(1,3)-glucan synthase(GS)and chitin synthase(CS)decreas by 20.2%and 11.1%,respectively,and the contents of which decreased by 85.0%and 27.9%,respectively compared with the control group.Molecular docking revealed that C EC small molecules could bind to GS and CS through different amino acid residues,inhibiting their activity and synthesis.The C EC can combine with tryptophan,tyrosine,and phenylalanine in the cell membrane,causing damage to the cell membrane.The binding sites between small molecules and amino acids were mainly around the OH group.In addition,C EC affected the energy metabolism system and inhibited the glycolysis pathway.Simultaneously,C EC treatment reduced the ergosterol content in the cell membrane by 58.2%compared with the control group.Finally,changes in𝛽-galactosidase,metal ion leakage,and relative conductivity confirmed the destruction of the cell membrane,which resulted in the leakage of cell contents.The above results showed that C EC can kill P.roqueforti by inhibiting energy metabolism and destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.
基金financially supported by the DHU Distinguished Young Professor Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51403036)
文摘The strategy of N-doping in carbon materials could provide additional Li-ion storage sites to improve their electrochemical properties. Heteroatom-containing polymers could serve as good precursors to fabricate doped carbons due to the capability to in situ dope heteroatoms into the structures, In this work, electrospun heterocyclic polyimide （PI） nanofiber membranes containing biphenyl and pyrimidine rings were carbonized to fabricate freestanding and flexible heteroatoms-containing carbon membranes. When the polymer membranes were subjected to various calcination temperatures （from 550℃ to 950 ℃） and durations （0.5-10 h）, the structural evolutions strongly affect their electrochemical properties as anodes for lithium ion batteries. It demonstrated that the reversible specific capacity of obtained sample treated at 650 ℃ for 3 h could achieve 695 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and retain 245 mAh/g at 1.5 A/g after 300 cycles. Furthermore, the electrospun membrane maintains a good electrochemical performance at bending state as a flexible electrode.
基金by the Major State Research Development Program of China(2016YFC0500600,2017YFE0104500)Natural Science Foundation of China(31800512,31870466),and the US-China Carbon Consortium(USCCC).
文摘Introduction:Water such as precipitation is the most critical environment driver of ecosystem processes and functions in semi-arid regions.Frequency and intensity of drought and transient waterlogging are expected to increase in the meadow steppe in northeastern China.Using a 4-year dataset of eddy covariance flux measurements,ground measurements of biomass,phenology,and meteorological conditions,we investigated the changes in energy fluxes at multiple temporal scales and under different precipitation regimes.Results:The meadow steppe was latent heat(LE)dominated when soil water content was>0.3 m3 m−3,but switched to sensible heat(H)dominated status when soil water content fell below 0.3 m3 m−3.LE dominated the energy exchange of the meadow grasslands on a yearly basis.Intensive precipitation had a profound impact on water-energy balance that could reduce the damages of drought by elevating deep soil moisture.The influence of LE on waterlogging depended on timing,with increased LE at the beginning of growing season and decreased LE after waterlogging.Spring and summer droughts resulted in different energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat energies,with spring drought dramatically decreased the LE fraction due to the change in water.In contrast,summer drought had little impact on LE due to the sufficient water input from large precipitation events at the beginning of the growing season.Conclusions:There existed great seasonal and interannual variabilities in energy balance and partitioning in the meadow steppe over the 4-year study period,which were strongly influenced by changes in precipitation.The water loss through latent heat was more sensitive to spring drought than to summer drought,while summer drought had negligible impact on LE.Waterlogging contributed to LE by enhancing its values during and after the waterlogged periods at the beginning of the growing season in a dry year,but lowering its value after the waterlogged periods in growing season.
