Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactiv...Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract f...Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke,we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract.We first used a routine,sensitive marker of axonal injury,amyloid precursor protein,to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex,with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract,at all time points.To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration,we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons.Using this approach,we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke.In addition,microglia mobilized and activated early,from day 7 after stroke,but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time.Meanwhile,astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration.Moreover,no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.In conclusion,our data provide evidence for dynamic,pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.展开更多
语义角色标注(Semantic Role Labeling,SRL)旨在识别给定句子中所包含的谓词及对应的语义论元,从而为信息抽取、自动问答和阅读理解等任务的语义理解提供帮助.构建句法特征作为实现语义角色标注任务的关键步骤,在很大程度上影响着任务...语义角色标注(Semantic Role Labeling,SRL)旨在识别给定句子中所包含的谓词及对应的语义论元,从而为信息抽取、自动问答和阅读理解等任务的语义理解提供帮助.构建句法特征作为实现语义角色标注任务的关键步骤,在很大程度上影响着任务的性能.针对现有的神经网络模型未能有效构建句法特征,例如现有研究采取离线式的人工定式句法裁剪方案,不可避免地造成关键句法信息丢失或者裁剪效果减弱等问题,本文提出基于动态句法剪枝机制的端到端神经网络模型,并将其用于中文语义角色标注任务.具体地,我们提出两种创新的动态句法剪枝机制:基于递归神经网络模型的动态句法剪枝机制(Recur-DSP)和基于带句法标签的图卷积网络模型的句法剪枝机制(SGCN-DSP).Recur-DSP采用递归神经网络模型进行句法结构编码与融合,并对句法树的每一个连接处通过Gumbel-Softmax函数离散化实现动态句法裁剪.SGCN-DSP采用图卷积神经网络模型为句法依存树的依存弧结构以及对应的标签进行统一建模,并提出对应的动态句法裁剪机制.在基准数据集上的实验结果显示所提方法超过当前的最好模型,获得当前中文语义角色标注的最优性能.通过整合预训练语言模型BERT,基于CoNLL09数据集,提出的模型SGCN-DSP在角色论元识别上获得了90.4%的F1值,在谓词识别上获得90.8%的F1值.展开更多
Although autogenous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve defects of considerable length,it still has some shortcomings,such as insufficient donors and secondary injury.Composite chi...Although autogenous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve defects of considerable length,it still has some shortcomings,such as insufficient donors and secondary injury.Composite chitosan scaffolds loaded with controlled release of nerve growth factor can promote neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after short-segment sciatic nerve defects.However,the effects on extended nerve defects remain poorly understood.In this study,we used chitosan scaffolds loaded with nerve growth factor for 8 weeks to repair long-segment(20 mm)sciatic nerve defects in adult rats.The results showed that treatment markedly promoted the recovery of motor and sensory functions.The regenerated sciatic nerve not only reconnected with neurons but neural circuits with the central nervous system were also reconstructed.In addition,the regenerated sciatic nerve reconnected the motor endplate with the target muscle.Therefore,this novel biomimetic scaffold can promote the regeneration of extended sciatic nerve defects and reconstruct functional circuits.This provides a promising method for the clinical treatment of extended peripheral nerve injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University,China(approval No.AEEI-2017-033)on March 21,2017.展开更多
AIM To explore the status of extrahepatichepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and replicationin hepatitis C patients,and its potentialimplication in HCV infection and pathogenicity.METHODS By reverse-transcriptase poly-mer...AIM To explore the status of extrahepatichepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and replicationin hepatitis C patients,and its potentialimplication in HCV infection and pathogenicity.METHODS By reverse-transcriptase poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR),in situhybridization(ISH)and immunohistochemistry,HCV RNA,HCV replicative intermediate(minus-strand of HCV RNA),and HCV antigens weredetected in 38 autopsy extrahepatic tissuespecimens(including 9 kidneys,9 hearts,9pancreas,5 intestines,2 adrenal glands,2spleens,1 lymph node,and 1 gallbladder)from 9hepatitis C patients,respectively;and thestatus of HCV replication in extrahepatic tissueswas studied.RESULTS By RT-PCR,all 9 patients werepositive for HCV RNA in kidney,heart,pancreas,and intestine,but only 6(66.7%)patients were positive for HCV replicativeintermediate.HCV RNA and HCV antigens weredetected in kidney,heart,pancreas,intestine,adrenal gland,lymph node,and gallbladder in 5(55.6%)and 6(66.7%)patients by ISH andimmunohistochemistry,respectively.HCV RNA and HCV antigens were not detected in theseextrahepatic organs in 3(33.3%)patients,although their livers were positive for HCV.HCVreplicative intermediate detected by RT-PCR wasconsistent with HCV RNA and HCV antigensdetected by ISH and immunohistochemistry(Kappa=0.42-0.75).HCV RNA and HCVantigens were detected in myocardial cells,epithelial cells of intestinal gladular,interstitialcells of kidney,epithelial cells of tubules andglomerulus,pancreas acinar cells and epithelialcells of pancreatic duct,epithelial cells ofmucous membrane sinus of gallbladder,cortexand medulla cells in adrenal gland,andmononuclear cells in lymph node.HCV RNA wasalso detected in bile duct epithelial cells,sinusoidal cells,and mononuclear cells in livertissues by ISH.CONCLUSION HCV can infect extrahepatictissues,and many various tissue cells maysupport HCV replication;extrahepatic HCVinfection and replication may be of'concomitantstate'in most of patients with hepatitis C.Theinfected extrahepatic tissues might act as areservoir for HCV,and play a role in both HCVpersistence and reactivation of infection.HCVas an etiologic agent replicating and expressingviral proteins in extrahepatic tissues itselfcontributes to extrahepatic syndromeassociated.HCV infection in a few patients withchronic HCV infection.展开更多
This paper is devoted to event-triggered control design for linear systems based on function observer. More specifically, the main purpose is to design event-triggered mechanisms that trigger transmissions when the di...This paper is devoted to event-triggered control design for linear systems based on function observer. More specifically, the main purpose is to design event-triggered mechanisms that trigger transmissions when the difference between the current value of the system and its previously transmitted value which includes the plant output or the function observer output exceeds an additional threshold. For such an eventtriggered mechanism, we derive conditions in terms of matrix inequality to guarantee the stability as well as longer inter-event time. We propose two approaches to investigate the closed-loop model, namely, reformulating the event-triggered control system as a hybrid system and interpreting the event-induced error as exogenous disturbance. Furthermore, the minimum inter-event time is guaranteed to be strictly positive. An example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretic results.展开更多
Adult endogenous neurogenesis was first defined as the generation of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system(CNS);it was subsequently referred to as the activation of endogenous neural stem cells,and ulti...Adult endogenous neurogenesis was first defined as the generation of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system(CNS);it was subsequently referred to as the activation of endogenous neural stem cells,and ultimately limited to the generation of new neurons[1].The research team led by Xiaoguang Li enriched this concept in 2015:Endogenous neural stem cells in the adult CNS can be activated,recruited,and migrated to the injured area,where these stem cells further differentiate into mature neurons.展开更多
Dear Editor,The optic nerve,which belongs to the central nervous system(CNS),cannot regenerate when injured in adult mammals.1 Up to now,no readily translatable measures are available for repairing a severely injured ...Dear Editor,The optic nerve,which belongs to the central nervous system(CNS),cannot regenerate when injured in adult mammals.1 Up to now,no readily translatable measures are available for repairing a severely injured optic nerve.Herein we demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)-chitosan enabled the reconstruction and functional recovery of the adult rat visual system,thus shedding light on the clinical potential for repairing the severely injured optic nerve.展开更多
Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in...Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.Methods:We randomly assigned 686 patients(2:1:1)to receive 1%benvitimod cream,0.005%calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75%or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI 75)score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician’s global assessment(sPGA)at week 12.Results:The results showed that 50.4%of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75,which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol(38.5%,P<0.05)and placebo(13.9%,P<0.05)groups.The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3%in the benvitimod group and 63.9%in the calcipotriol group,which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group(34%,P<0.05).In the long-term follow-up study,50.8%of patients experienced recurrence.After retreatment with 1%benvitimod,73.3%of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52.Adverse events included application site irritation,follicular papules,and contact dermatitis.No systemic adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion:During this 12-week study,benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.展开更多
To the Editor:Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a distinct viral skin disease which is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions superimposed on the preexisting dermatosis.It is mostly cau...To the Editor:Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a distinct viral skin disease which is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions superimposed on the preexisting dermatosis.It is mostly caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 and rarely by vaccine-virus or Coxsackie A 16 virus.The KVE is normally described in atopic dermatitis (AD),but also observed in association with papulosquamous or acantholytic dermatosis.m Report about rosacea complicated with KVE is rare.On the other hand,tacrolimus ointment has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for steroid-induced rosacea.Here,we report a case of KVE in a patient with rosacea during long-term treatment with 0.03％tacrolimus ointment.展开更多
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the centrofacial areas and mainly manifests as recurrent flushing and erythema.In recent years,there has been progress in the understanding of the ...Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the centrofacial areas and mainly manifests as recurrent flushing and erythema.In recent years,there has been progress in the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea.Therefore,a group of dermatological experts updated the guidelines based on the 2016 expert consensus statement on rosacea diagnosis and treatment in China.These new guidelines propose diagnostic criteria for rosacea at different sites to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea in China.展开更多
Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upo...Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upon the previous version(published in 2014)of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria in China,and incorporate recent research advances in urticaria.These guidelines are suitable for both Chinese adults and children of Han nationality with urticaria.These guidelines update and broaden the definition,pathogenesis,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of urticaria,and serve as a scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of urticaria.展开更多
Introduction Urticaria is a common disease in dermatology.Physical urticarias are a group of urticaria that are induced by various physical stimulations,including shear force,cold,heat,pressure,and solar and vibratory...Introduction Urticaria is a common disease in dermatology.Physical urticarias are a group of urticaria that are induced by various physical stimulations,including shear force,cold,heat,pressure,and solar and vibratory stimulations.Cold contact urticaria (CCU),the second most common subtype among all physical urticarias in China,is characterized by itchy wheals and edema on skin following exposure to cold.The ice cube skin contact test is one of the most used methods by which to make the diagnosis of CCU[1].展开更多
Different types of traumatic brain injury(TBI)have posed a hazard to human health for a while,and their aftereffects have a significant negative impact on patients'quality of life.Despite the increased attention t...Different types of traumatic brain injury(TBI)have posed a hazard to human health for a while,and their aftereffects have a significant negative impact on patients'quality of life.Despite the increased attention that TBI has received recently,the clinical treatment plan that is currently in place only consists of palliative therapy for neuroprotection or the mitigation of secondary injury,which has only a minimally positive impact on the prognosis and quality of life in TBI patients.After TBI,regenerative therapy seeks to improve the patient's function.Cell therapy,which has become one of the hottest research fields,is expected to improve the therapeutic effect of this disease.This article will briefly discuss recent developments in research of TBI and available treatments,and then give a general assessment of the outlook.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81941011(to XL),31771053(to HD),31730030(to XL),31971279(to ZY),31900749(to PH),31650001(to XL),31320103903(to XL),31670988(to ZY)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,Nos.7222004(to HD)+1 种基金a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology of China,Nos.2017YFC1104002(to ZY),2017YFC1104001(to XL)a grant from Beihang University,No.JKF-YG-22-B001(to FH)。
文摘Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31 730030 (to XL),81941011 (to XL),31 771053 (to HD),82271403 (to XL),82272171 (to ZY),31971279 (to ZY)82201542 (to FH)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7222004 (to HD)the Science and Technology Program of Beijing,No.Z181100001818007(to ZY)
文摘Stroke can cause Wallerian degeneration in regions outside of the brain,particularly in the corticospinal tract.To investigate the fate of major glial cells and axons within affected areas of the corticospinal tract following stroke,we induced photochemical infarction of the sensorimotor cortex leading to Wallerian degeneration along the full extent of the corticospinal tract.We first used a routine,sensitive marker of axonal injury,amyloid precursor protein,to examine Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.An antibody to amyloid precursor protein mapped exclusively to proximal axonal segments within the ischemic cortex,with no positive signal in distal parts of the corticospinal tract,at all time points.To improve visualization of Wallerian degeneration,we next utilized an orthograde virus that expresses green fluorescent protein to label the corticospinal tract and then quantitatively evaluated green fluorescent protein-expressing axons.Using this approach,we found that axonal degeneration began on day 3 post-stroke and was almost complete by 7 days after stroke.In addition,microglia mobilized and activated early,from day 7 after stroke,but did not maintain a phagocytic state over time.Meanwhile,astrocytes showed relatively delayed mobilization and a moderate response to Wallerian degeneration.Moreover,no anterograde degeneration of spinal anterior horn cells was observed in response to Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract.In conclusion,our data provide evidence for dynamic,pathogenic spatiotemporal changes in major cellular components of the corticospinal tract during Wallerian degeneration.
文摘语义角色标注(Semantic Role Labeling,SRL)旨在识别给定句子中所包含的谓词及对应的语义论元,从而为信息抽取、自动问答和阅读理解等任务的语义理解提供帮助.构建句法特征作为实现语义角色标注任务的关键步骤,在很大程度上影响着任务的性能.针对现有的神经网络模型未能有效构建句法特征,例如现有研究采取离线式的人工定式句法裁剪方案,不可避免地造成关键句法信息丢失或者裁剪效果减弱等问题,本文提出基于动态句法剪枝机制的端到端神经网络模型,并将其用于中文语义角色标注任务.具体地,我们提出两种创新的动态句法剪枝机制:基于递归神经网络模型的动态句法剪枝机制(Recur-DSP)和基于带句法标签的图卷积网络模型的句法剪枝机制(SGCN-DSP).Recur-DSP采用递归神经网络模型进行句法结构编码与融合,并对句法树的每一个连接处通过Gumbel-Softmax函数离散化实现动态句法裁剪.SGCN-DSP采用图卷积神经网络模型为句法依存树的依存弧结构以及对应的标签进行统一建模,并提出对应的动态句法裁剪机制.在基准数据集上的实验结果显示所提方法超过当前的最好模型,获得当前中文语义角色标注的最优性能.通过整合预训练语言模型BERT,基于CoNLL09数据集,提出的模型SGCN-DSP在角色论元识别上获得了90.4%的F1值,在谓词识别上获得90.8%的F1值.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31900749(to PH),31730030(to XGL),81941011(to XGL),31971279(to ZYY),31771053(to HMD)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China,No.7214301(to FH)。
文摘Although autogenous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for treating peripheral nerve defects of considerable length,it still has some shortcomings,such as insufficient donors and secondary injury.Composite chitosan scaffolds loaded with controlled release of nerve growth factor can promote neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after short-segment sciatic nerve defects.However,the effects on extended nerve defects remain poorly understood.In this study,we used chitosan scaffolds loaded with nerve growth factor for 8 weeks to repair long-segment(20 mm)sciatic nerve defects in adult rats.The results showed that treatment markedly promoted the recovery of motor and sensory functions.The regenerated sciatic nerve not only reconnected with neurons but neural circuits with the central nervous system were also reconstructed.In addition,the regenerated sciatic nerve reconnected the motor endplate with the target muscle.Therefore,this novel biomimetic scaffold can promote the regeneration of extended sciatic nerve defects and reconstruct functional circuits.This provides a promising method for the clinical treatment of extended peripheral nerve injury.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University,China(approval No.AEEI-2017-033)on March 21,2017.
基金the Medical and Health Sciences Foundation of Chinese PLA,No.98D066
文摘AIM To explore the status of extrahepatichepatitis C virus(HCV)infection and replicationin hepatitis C patients,and its potentialimplication in HCV infection and pathogenicity.METHODS By reverse-transcriptase poly-merase chain reaction(RT-PCR),in situhybridization(ISH)and immunohistochemistry,HCV RNA,HCV replicative intermediate(minus-strand of HCV RNA),and HCV antigens weredetected in 38 autopsy extrahepatic tissuespecimens(including 9 kidneys,9 hearts,9pancreas,5 intestines,2 adrenal glands,2spleens,1 lymph node,and 1 gallbladder)from 9hepatitis C patients,respectively;and thestatus of HCV replication in extrahepatic tissueswas studied.RESULTS By RT-PCR,all 9 patients werepositive for HCV RNA in kidney,heart,pancreas,and intestine,but only 6(66.7%)patients were positive for HCV replicativeintermediate.HCV RNA and HCV antigens weredetected in kidney,heart,pancreas,intestine,adrenal gland,lymph node,and gallbladder in 5(55.6%)and 6(66.7%)patients by ISH andimmunohistochemistry,respectively.HCV RNA and HCV antigens were not detected in theseextrahepatic organs in 3(33.3%)patients,although their livers were positive for HCV.HCVreplicative intermediate detected by RT-PCR wasconsistent with HCV RNA and HCV antigensdetected by ISH and immunohistochemistry(Kappa=0.42-0.75).HCV RNA and HCVantigens were detected in myocardial cells,epithelial cells of intestinal gladular,interstitialcells of kidney,epithelial cells of tubules andglomerulus,pancreas acinar cells and epithelialcells of pancreatic duct,epithelial cells ofmucous membrane sinus of gallbladder,cortexand medulla cells in adrenal gland,andmononuclear cells in lymph node.HCV RNA wasalso detected in bile duct epithelial cells,sinusoidal cells,and mononuclear cells in livertissues by ISH.CONCLUSION HCV can infect extrahepatictissues,and many various tissue cells maysupport HCV replication;extrahepatic HCVinfection and replication may be of'concomitantstate'in most of patients with hepatitis C.Theinfected extrahepatic tissues might act as areservoir for HCV,and play a role in both HCVpersistence and reactivation of infection.HCVas an etiologic agent replicating and expressingviral proteins in extrahepatic tissues itselfcontributes to extrahepatic syndromeassociated.HCV infection in a few patients withchronic HCV infection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61174057,61573036)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(4112034)
文摘This paper is devoted to event-triggered control design for linear systems based on function observer. More specifically, the main purpose is to design event-triggered mechanisms that trigger transmissions when the difference between the current value of the system and its previously transmitted value which includes the plant output or the function observer output exceeds an additional threshold. For such an eventtriggered mechanism, we derive conditions in terms of matrix inequality to guarantee the stability as well as longer inter-event time. We propose two approaches to investigate the closed-loop model, namely, reformulating the event-triggered control system as a hybrid system and interpreting the event-induced error as exogenous disturbance. Furthermore, the minimum inter-event time is guaranteed to be strictly positive. An example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretic results.
文摘Adult endogenous neurogenesis was first defined as the generation of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system(CNS);it was subsequently referred to as the activation of endogenous neural stem cells,and ultimately limited to the generation of new neurons[1].The research team led by Xiaoguang Li enriched this concept in 2015:Endogenous neural stem cells in the adult CNS can be activated,recruited,and migrated to the injured area,where these stem cells further differentiate into mature neurons.
基金We thank for Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,School of Ophthalmology,Capital Medical University for measuring F-VEP.We thank technicians in the Core Facility Center of Capital Medical University.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 81941011,31730030,31971279,31900749,31771053)and Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grants 2017YFC1104002,2017YFC1104001)+2 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Program(Grant Z181100001818007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 31650001,31320103903,31670988)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant 7214301).
文摘Dear Editor,The optic nerve,which belongs to the central nervous system(CNS),cannot regenerate when injured in adult mammals.1 Up to now,no readily translatable measures are available for repairing a severely injured optic nerve.Herein we demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF)-chitosan enabled the reconstruction and functional recovery of the adult rat visual system,thus shedding light on the clinical potential for repairing the severely injured optic nerve.
基金Beijing Wenfeng Tianji Pharma Ltd.and the grant from National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2011ZX09101-006-02)。
文摘Background:Benvitimod cream,a novel synthetic small molecule,was effective in treating mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.We conducted a phase III clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of benvitimod cream in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.Methods:We randomly assigned 686 patients(2:1:1)to receive 1%benvitimod cream,0.005%calcipotriol ointment or placebo twice a day for 12 weeks.The primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients with a 75%or greater reduction from baseline in the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI 75)score and with a score of 0 or 1 in static physician’s global assessment(sPGA)at week 12.Results:The results showed that 50.4%of patients in the benvitimod group achieved PASI 75,which was significantly higher than that in the calcipotriol(38.5%,P<0.05)and placebo(13.9%,P<0.05)groups.The proportion of patients achieving an sPGA score 0 or 1 was 66.3%in the benvitimod group and 63.9%in the calcipotriol group,which were both significantly higher than that in the placebo group(34%,P<0.05).In the long-term follow-up study,50.8%of patients experienced recurrence.After retreatment with 1%benvitimod,73.3%of patients achieved an sPGA score of 0 or 1 again at week 52.Adverse events included application site irritation,follicular papules,and contact dermatitis.No systemic adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion:During this 12-week study,benvitimod cream was demonstrated with high effectiveness and safety in patients with mild-to-moderate plaque psoriasis.
文摘To the Editor:Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a distinct viral skin disease which is characterized by disseminated vesiculopustules and erosions superimposed on the preexisting dermatosis.It is mostly caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 and rarely by vaccine-virus or Coxsackie A 16 virus.The KVE is normally described in atopic dermatitis (AD),but also observed in association with papulosquamous or acantholytic dermatosis.m Report about rosacea complicated with KVE is rare.On the other hand,tacrolimus ointment has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for steroid-induced rosacea.Here,we report a case of KVE in a patient with rosacea during long-term treatment with 0.03％tacrolimus ointment.
文摘Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the centrofacial areas and mainly manifests as recurrent flushing and erythema.In recent years,there has been progress in the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea.Therefore,a group of dermatological experts updated the guidelines based on the 2016 expert consensus statement on rosacea diagnosis and treatment in China.These new guidelines propose diagnostic criteria for rosacea at different sites to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea in China.
文摘Urticaria is a common dermatological condition that is characterized by wheals and pruritus.Certain types of urticaria can be resistant to treatment,and recurrence is common.These guidelines supplement and improve upon the previous version(published in 2014)of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urticaria in China,and incorporate recent research advances in urticaria.These guidelines are suitable for both Chinese adults and children of Han nationality with urticaria.These guidelines update and broaden the definition,pathogenesis,classification,diagnosis,and treatment of urticaria,and serve as a scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of urticaria.
文摘Introduction Urticaria is a common disease in dermatology.Physical urticarias are a group of urticaria that are induced by various physical stimulations,including shear force,cold,heat,pressure,and solar and vibratory stimulations.Cold contact urticaria (CCU),the second most common subtype among all physical urticarias in China,is characterized by itchy wheals and edema on skin following exposure to cold.The ice cube skin contact test is one of the most used methods by which to make the diagnosis of CCU[1].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 81941011,82271403,31730030,82272171,31971279,31900749)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grants 7222004,7214301)Beijing Science and Technology Program(Grant Z181100001818007).
文摘Different types of traumatic brain injury(TBI)have posed a hazard to human health for a while,and their aftereffects have a significant negative impact on patients'quality of life.Despite the increased attention that TBI has received recently,the clinical treatment plan that is currently in place only consists of palliative therapy for neuroprotection or the mitigation of secondary injury,which has only a minimally positive impact on the prognosis and quality of life in TBI patients.After TBI,regenerative therapy seeks to improve the patient's function.Cell therapy,which has become one of the hottest research fields,is expected to improve the therapeutic effect of this disease.This article will briefly discuss recent developments in research of TBI and available treatments,and then give a general assessment of the outlook.
