Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology,including periodontitis,peri-implantitis,medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw,age-related osteoporosis,and other speci...Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology,including periodontitis,peri-implantitis,medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw,age-related osteoporosis,and other specific infections.These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities,severely affecting patients'quality of life.Over the years,the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial for improving prognosis and developing new targeted therapies.Accumulating evidence indicates that the integrated bone formation and dysfunction arise from complex interactions among a network of multiple cell types,including osteoblast-associated cells,immune cells,blood vessels,and lymphatic vessels.However,the role of these different cells in the inflammatory process and the'rules'with which they interact are still not fully understood.Although many investigations have focused on specific pathological processes and molecular events in inflammatory jaw diseases,few articles offer a perspective of integration.Here,we review the changes and mechanisms of various cell types in inflammatory jaw diseases,with the hope of providing insights to drive future research in this field.展开更多
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is the research focus in the field of energy development as an environmentally friendly and low cost technology. MEOR can bes divided into indigenous microbial oil recovery and e...Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is the research focus in the field of energy development as an environmentally friendly and low cost technology. MEOR can bes divided into indigenous microbial oil recovery and exogenous microbial oil recovery. The ultimate goal of indigenous microbial flooding is to enhance oil recovery via stimulation of specific indigenous microorganisms by injecting optimal nutrients. For studying the specific rule to activate the indigenous community during the long-term injection period, a series of indigenous displacement flooding experiments were carried out by using the long-core physical simulation test. The experimental results have shown that the movement of nutrients components (i.e., carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus) differed from the consumption of them. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the nutrients concentration and bacteria concentration once observed in the produced fluid. And the trend of concentration of acetic acid was consistent with that of methanogens. When adding same activators, the impacts of selective activators to stimulate the indigenous microorganisms became worse along with the injection period, which led to less oil recovery efficiency.展开更多
A novel Pt@ZnO nanorod/carbon fiber(NR/CF) with hierarchical structure was prepared by atomic layer deposition combined with hydrothermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering(MS). The morphology of Pt changes from nanop...A novel Pt@ZnO nanorod/carbon fiber(NR/CF) with hierarchical structure was prepared by atomic layer deposition combined with hydrothermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering(MS). The morphology of Pt changes from nanoparticle to nanorod bundle with controlled thickness of Pt between 10 and 50 nm.Significantly, with the increase of voltage from 0 to 0.6 V(vs. standard calomel electrode), the prompt photocurrent generated on Zn O NR/CF increases from 0.235 to 0.725 m A. Besides, the Pt@Zn O NR/CF exhibited higher electrochemical active surface area(ECSA) value, better methanol oxidation ability and CO tolerance than Pt@CF, which demonstrated the importance of the multifunctional Zn O support. As the thickness of Pt increasing from 10 to 50 nm, the ECSA values were improved proportionally, leading to the improvement of methanol oxidation ability. More importantly, UV radiation increased the density of peak current of Pt@Zn O NR/CF towards methanol oxidation by additional 42.4%, which may be due to the synergy catalysis of UV light and electricity.展开更多
Proton conducting ceramic cells(PCCs)are an attractive emerging technology operating in the intermediate temperature range of 500 to 700℃.In this work,we evaluate the production of hydrogen at intermediate temperatur...Proton conducting ceramic cells(PCCs)are an attractive emerging technology operating in the intermediate temperature range of 500 to 700℃.In this work,we evaluate the production of hydrogen at intermediate temperatures by proton conducting ceramic cell electrolysis(PCCEL).We demonstrate a highperformance steam electrolysis owing to a composite positrode based on BaGd_(0.8)La_(0.2)Co_(2)O_(6-δ)(BGLC1082)and BaZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ(BZCY541).The high reliability of PCCEL is demonstrated for 1680 h at a current density as high as-0.8 A cm^(-2)close to the thermoneutral cell voltage at 600℃.The electrolysis cell showed a specific energy consumption ranging from 54 to 66 kW h kg^(-1)that is comparable to state-of-the-art low temperature electrolysis technologies,while showing hydrogen production rates systematically higher than commercial solid oxide ceramic cells(SOCs).Compared to SOCs,the results verified the higher performances of PCCs at the relevant operating temperatures,due to the lower activation energy for proton transfer comparing with oxygen ion conduction.However,because of the p-type electronic conduction in protonic ceramics,the energy conversion rate of PCCs is relatively lower in steam electrolysis.The faradaic efficiency of the PCC in electrolysis mode can be increased at lower operating temperatures and in endothermic conditions,making PCCEL a technology of choice to valorize high temperature waste heat from industrial processes into hydrogen.To increase the faradaic efficiency by optimizing the materials,the cell design,or the operating strategy is a key challenge to address for future developments of PCCEL in order to achieve even more superior techno-economic merits.展开更多
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.PAPD-2018-87)Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(Grant No.YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(Grant No.CXZX202227).
文摘Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology,including periodontitis,peri-implantitis,medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw,radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw,age-related osteoporosis,and other specific infections.These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities,severely affecting patients'quality of life.Over the years,the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge.Therefore,exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial for improving prognosis and developing new targeted therapies.Accumulating evidence indicates that the integrated bone formation and dysfunction arise from complex interactions among a network of multiple cell types,including osteoblast-associated cells,immune cells,blood vessels,and lymphatic vessels.However,the role of these different cells in the inflammatory process and the'rules'with which they interact are still not fully understood.Although many investigations have focused on specific pathological processes and molecular events in inflammatory jaw diseases,few articles offer a perspective of integration.Here,we review the changes and mechanisms of various cell types in inflammatory jaw diseases,with the hope of providing insights to drive future research in this field.
文摘Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is the research focus in the field of energy development as an environmentally friendly and low cost technology. MEOR can bes divided into indigenous microbial oil recovery and exogenous microbial oil recovery. The ultimate goal of indigenous microbial flooding is to enhance oil recovery via stimulation of specific indigenous microorganisms by injecting optimal nutrients. For studying the specific rule to activate the indigenous community during the long-term injection period, a series of indigenous displacement flooding experiments were carried out by using the long-core physical simulation test. The experimental results have shown that the movement of nutrients components (i.e., carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus) differed from the consumption of them. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the nutrients concentration and bacteria concentration once observed in the produced fluid. And the trend of concentration of acetic acid was consistent with that of methanogens. When adding same activators, the impacts of selective activators to stimulate the indigenous microorganisms became worse along with the injection period, which led to less oil recovery efficiency.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program(2016YFC0204000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1510202)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Scientific Supporting Project(BK20170046and BE2015023)
文摘A novel Pt@ZnO nanorod/carbon fiber(NR/CF) with hierarchical structure was prepared by atomic layer deposition combined with hydrothermal synthesis and magnetron sputtering(MS). The morphology of Pt changes from nanoparticle to nanorod bundle with controlled thickness of Pt between 10 and 50 nm.Significantly, with the increase of voltage from 0 to 0.6 V(vs. standard calomel electrode), the prompt photocurrent generated on Zn O NR/CF increases from 0.235 to 0.725 m A. Besides, the Pt@Zn O NR/CF exhibited higher electrochemical active surface area(ECSA) value, better methanol oxidation ability and CO tolerance than Pt@CF, which demonstrated the importance of the multifunctional Zn O support. As the thickness of Pt increasing from 10 to 50 nm, the ECSA values were improved proportionally, leading to the improvement of methanol oxidation ability. More importantly, UV radiation increased the density of peak current of Pt@Zn O NR/CF towards methanol oxidation by additional 42.4%, which may be due to the synergy catalysis of UV light and electricity.
基金The China Scholarship Council is acknowledged for the doctoral scholarship of Haoyu Zheng(201806160173)The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research is acknowledged for funding via the Project ARCADE(03SF0580A)。
文摘Proton conducting ceramic cells(PCCs)are an attractive emerging technology operating in the intermediate temperature range of 500 to 700℃.In this work,we evaluate the production of hydrogen at intermediate temperatures by proton conducting ceramic cell electrolysis(PCCEL).We demonstrate a highperformance steam electrolysis owing to a composite positrode based on BaGd_(0.8)La_(0.2)Co_(2)O_(6-δ)(BGLC1082)and BaZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ(BZCY541).The high reliability of PCCEL is demonstrated for 1680 h at a current density as high as-0.8 A cm^(-2)close to the thermoneutral cell voltage at 600℃.The electrolysis cell showed a specific energy consumption ranging from 54 to 66 kW h kg^(-1)that is comparable to state-of-the-art low temperature electrolysis technologies,while showing hydrogen production rates systematically higher than commercial solid oxide ceramic cells(SOCs).Compared to SOCs,the results verified the higher performances of PCCs at the relevant operating temperatures,due to the lower activation energy for proton transfer comparing with oxygen ion conduction.However,because of the p-type electronic conduction in protonic ceramics,the energy conversion rate of PCCs is relatively lower in steam electrolysis.The faradaic efficiency of the PCC in electrolysis mode can be increased at lower operating temperatures and in endothermic conditions,making PCCEL a technology of choice to valorize high temperature waste heat from industrial processes into hydrogen.To increase the faradaic efficiency by optimizing the materials,the cell design,or the operating strategy is a key challenge to address for future developments of PCCEL in order to achieve even more superior techno-economic merits.
