背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是...背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位,在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。文章通过汇总现有关于足部和踝关节本体感觉的调查研究,梳理足踝复合体感觉的测量与评价方法,以期为日后的相关研究做出铺垫并提供理论依据。方法:中文检索词为“(足OR足踝关节OR踝关节)AND(感觉OR本体感觉)”、英文检索词为“(foot OR ankle)AND(feel OR proprioception)”,在Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库检索相关文献,了解关于足踝基本概念、研究现状与范畴,总结并评价足踝的本体感觉评价方法,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①足踝复合体感觉的评价主要分为对足部的感觉评价和踝关节的本体感觉评价。②足部的感觉评价主要描述其皮肤的感觉以及干预条件下的感觉反馈,方法主要包括:压力感觉阈值测试、足(底侧和跖侧)两点辨别能力测试、皮肤振动感觉持续时间测试。③踝关节本体感觉评价着重描述关节位置、运动范围、力值及功能表现,方法主要分为静态的关节角度重置测试、运动最小阈值测试、力觉重现测试以及动静态的平衡、速度及行走能力的测试。④对量化结果的报道一般以“误差”来表示,根据报道的需要一般分为:绝对误差、相对误差和恒定误差等。⑤结果证实,足踝复合体具备特殊的感觉能力,包括足部感觉和踝关节的本体感觉,影响人类的生活质量以及运动表现;足部感觉与踝关节本体感觉的弱化均与人体平衡能力下降相关,二者联合测量可以全面有效地评价足踝功能;根据不同的研究需求,需要选择足部与踝关节的感觉测量方法的组合形式,并充分考虑环境、情绪以及报道方式等多种影响因素,提高测量与评价的有效性。展开更多
In the past few years,many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes(UV LDs).Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist.In this article,we ana...In the past few years,many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes(UV LDs).Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist.In this article,we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes,and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed.With these techniques,room temperature(RT)pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA(ultraviolet A)LD has been realized,with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm.Combining with the suppression of thermal effect,the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.展开更多
Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi ...Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.展开更多
文摘背景:足踝本体感觉的研究对于慢性踝关节不稳、老年疾病的康复治疗以及身体姿势控制、运动表现的提高至关重要。前期的相关研究经常把足部和踝关节的感觉评价分开研究,对全面且综合地了解其感觉功能存在一定的局限。目的:足踝复合体是唯一与支撑面直接接触的部位,在收集体感反馈和调节平衡控制中起重要作用。文章通过汇总现有关于足部和踝关节本体感觉的调查研究,梳理足踝复合体感觉的测量与评价方法,以期为日后的相关研究做出铺垫并提供理论依据。方法:中文检索词为“(足OR足踝关节OR踝关节)AND(感觉OR本体感觉)”、英文检索词为“(foot OR ankle)AND(feel OR proprioception)”,在Web of Science、PubMed和中国知网数据库检索相关文献,了解关于足踝基本概念、研究现状与范畴,总结并评价足踝的本体感觉评价方法,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①足踝复合体感觉的评价主要分为对足部的感觉评价和踝关节的本体感觉评价。②足部的感觉评价主要描述其皮肤的感觉以及干预条件下的感觉反馈,方法主要包括:压力感觉阈值测试、足(底侧和跖侧)两点辨别能力测试、皮肤振动感觉持续时间测试。③踝关节本体感觉评价着重描述关节位置、运动范围、力值及功能表现,方法主要分为静态的关节角度重置测试、运动最小阈值测试、力觉重现测试以及动静态的平衡、速度及行走能力的测试。④对量化结果的报道一般以“误差”来表示,根据报道的需要一般分为:绝对误差、相对误差和恒定误差等。⑤结果证实,足踝复合体具备特殊的感觉能力,包括足部感觉和踝关节的本体感觉,影响人类的生活质量以及运动表现;足部感觉与踝关节本体感觉的弱化均与人体平衡能力下降相关,二者联合测量可以全面有效地评价足踝功能;根据不同的研究需求,需要选择足部与踝关节的感觉测量方法的组合形式,并充分考虑环境、情绪以及报道方式等多种影响因素,提高测量与评价的有效性。
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3605104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62250038,61904172,61974162,62034008,62074142,and 62074140)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB43030101)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SX-TD016).
文摘In the past few years,many groups have focused on the research and development of GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes(UV LDs).Great progresses have been achieved even though many challenges exist.In this article,we analyze the challenges of developing GaN-based ultraviolet laser diodes,and the approaches to improve the performance of ultraviolet laser diode are reviewed.With these techniques,room temperature(RT)pulsed oscillation of AlGaN UVA(ultraviolet A)LD has been realized,with a lasing wavelength of 357.9 nm.Combining with the suppression of thermal effect,the high output power of 3.8 W UV LD with a lasing wavelength of 386.5 nm was also fabricated.
基金Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572079)National Major Science and Technology Project(No.2017ZX05035).
文摘Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.
