Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes COVID-19,is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events.However,more than 80%of patients are asymptomatic or have onl...Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes COVID-19,is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events.However,more than 80%of patients are asymptomatic or have only minor/mild symptoms.In addition,diagnosing thromboembolism in athletes is challenging,as symptoms can be confused with musculoskeletal complaints or physical deconditioning.Case presentation:Here we report the case of a previously healthy 34-year-old professional soccer player with COVID-19 infection and genetic predisposition to thrombosis.At baseline,he was fit,had no symptoms,did not require hospital admission due to a COVID-19 infection,and was started on a five-day course of azithromycin and dexamethasone therapy.After 10 days of returning to professional activity,he developed pulmonary embolism following a COVID-19 infection during a physical exercise session.Angiotomography showed positive acute and subacute pulmonary thromboembolism,being treated with rivaroxaban 20 mg/day continuously.The shared decision-making between the medical team and the athlete was not to return to professional soccer,given the quantifiable risk.Considerations:This case illustrates the potential risk of COVID-19-induced pulmonary thromboembolism,which can be affected by genetic predisposition and dexamethasone therapy or the consequences of COVID-19.In this clinical period,the athlete’s condition may be overlooked due to the masking effects of other clinical conditions and physical abnormalities.The residual effects of COVID-19 disease can appear late,requiring caution and follow-up by the medical team before releasing the athlete into a training program.展开更多
Hypertension is a very prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of resistant hypertension, i.e., uncontrolled hypertension with 3 or more antihypertensive agents including 1 diuretic, is betwee...Hypertension is a very prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of resistant hypertension, i.e., uncontrolled hypertension with 3 or more antihypertensive agents including 1 diuretic, is between 5% and 30% in the hypertensive population. The causes of resistant hypertension are multifactorial and include behavioral and biological factors, such as nonadherence to pharmacological treatment. All current treatment guidelines highlight the positive role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological tool in the treatment of hypertension. This paper draws attention to the possible role of physical exercise as an adjunct non-pharmacological tool in the management of resistant hypertension. A few studies have investigated it, employing different methodologies, and taken together they have shown promising results. In summary, the available evidence suggests that aerobic physical exercise could be a valuable addition to the optimal pharmacological treatment of patients with resistant hypertension.展开更多
Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries...Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Three-quarters of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be prevented with adequate changes in lifestyle, including increased daily physical activity. New evidence confirms that there is an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. However, participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity may not fully attenuate the independent effect of sedentary activities on increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity also plays an important role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the impact of the disease, slowing its progress and preventing recurrence. Nonetheless, most of eligible cardiovascular patients still do not benefit from secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation programs. The present review draws attention to the importance of physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It also addresses the mechanisms by which physical activity and regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of the disease.展开更多
Background:Evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD).Nonetheless,the influence of training variables on the effects of exer...Background:Evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD).Nonetheless,the influence of training variables on the effects of exercise training is debateable.Therefore,this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to i)estimate the effects of exercise-based CR on the circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CVD based on the type of exercise,and ii)analyse the influence of other potential moderator variables.Methods:Electronic searches were performed in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science databases up to October 2022.A random-effects models of standardised mean difference(SMD)were used.Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were used to carry out heterogeneity analyses.Results:Aerobic exercise diminished the levels of C-reactive protein compared with the control group in patients with CVD(SMD+=-0.33[95%CI=-0.47,-0.20),as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alfa exclusively in patients with chronic heart failure(SMD+=-0.38[95%CI=-0.59,-0.17]).Moreover,heterogeneity analyses showed that the effect of aerobic exercise on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is higher in studies that carried out a CR programme based exclusively on exercise,as well as in studies that performed a shorter intervention period or carried out a lower number of exercise sessions(P≤0.05).Conclusion:Our findings support the anti-inflammatory effect of aerobic exercise in patients with CVD.The low number of studies testing interventions using resistance or combined exercise precludes a definitive answer about their anti-inflammatory effects in this patient population.展开更多
Robot World Cup Initiative (RoboCup) is a worldwide competition proposed to advance research in robotics and artificial intelligence. It has a league called RoboCup soccer devoted for soccer robots, which is a challen...Robot World Cup Initiative (RoboCup) is a worldwide competition proposed to advance research in robotics and artificial intelligence. It has a league called RoboCup soccer devoted for soccer robots, which is a challenge because robots are mobile, fully autonomous, multi-agents, and they play on a dynamic environment. Moreover, robots must recognize the game entities, which is a crucial task during a game. A camera is usually used as an input system to recognize ball, opponents, soccer field, and so on. These elements may be recognized applying some tools of computational intelligence, for example an artificial neural network. This paper describes the application of an artificial neural network on middle size robotic football league, where a multilayer perceptron neural network is trained with the backpropagation algorithm, to classify elements on the image. Each output neuron represents an entity and its output value depends on the current entity that is present on the image. The results show that an artificial neural network successfully classified the entities. They were recognized even when similar color entities were present on the image.展开更多
文摘Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which causes COVID-19,is characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic events.However,more than 80%of patients are asymptomatic or have only minor/mild symptoms.In addition,diagnosing thromboembolism in athletes is challenging,as symptoms can be confused with musculoskeletal complaints or physical deconditioning.Case presentation:Here we report the case of a previously healthy 34-year-old professional soccer player with COVID-19 infection and genetic predisposition to thrombosis.At baseline,he was fit,had no symptoms,did not require hospital admission due to a COVID-19 infection,and was started on a five-day course of azithromycin and dexamethasone therapy.After 10 days of returning to professional activity,he developed pulmonary embolism following a COVID-19 infection during a physical exercise session.Angiotomography showed positive acute and subacute pulmonary thromboembolism,being treated with rivaroxaban 20 mg/day continuously.The shared decision-making between the medical team and the athlete was not to return to professional soccer,given the quantifiable risk.Considerations:This case illustrates the potential risk of COVID-19-induced pulmonary thromboembolism,which can be affected by genetic predisposition and dexamethasone therapy or the consequences of COVID-19.In this clinical period,the athlete’s condition may be overlooked due to the masking effects of other clinical conditions and physical abnormalities.The residual effects of COVID-19 disease can appear late,requiring caution and follow-up by the medical team before releasing the athlete into a training program.
文摘Hypertension is a very prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of resistant hypertension, i.e., uncontrolled hypertension with 3 or more antihypertensive agents including 1 diuretic, is between 5% and 30% in the hypertensive population. The causes of resistant hypertension are multifactorial and include behavioral and biological factors, such as nonadherence to pharmacological treatment. All current treatment guidelines highlight the positive role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological tool in the treatment of hypertension. This paper draws attention to the possible role of physical exercise as an adjunct non-pharmacological tool in the management of resistant hypertension. A few studies have investigated it, employing different methodologies, and taken together they have shown promising results. In summary, the available evidence suggests that aerobic physical exercise could be a valuable addition to the optimal pharmacological treatment of patients with resistant hypertension.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,(UID/DTP/04045/2013)by the European Regional Develop-ment Fund,through COMPETE 2020(POCI--01--0145-FEDER--006969)+4 种基金funded by the European Regional Development Fund,through NORTE 2020(NORTE--01--0145--FEDER--000016)The European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Competitiveness Programthe Foun-dation for Science and Technology(FCT)of Portugal support the research unit CIAFEL within the projects FCOMP--01--0124--FEDER--020180(References FCT:PTDC/DES/122763/2010)and UID/DTP/00617/2013supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(REF:UID/BIM/04501/2013)FEDER/Compete2020 funds
文摘Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Three-quarters of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be prevented with adequate changes in lifestyle, including increased daily physical activity. New evidence confirms that there is an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. However, participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity may not fully attenuate the independent effect of sedentary activities on increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity also plays an important role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the impact of the disease, slowing its progress and preventing recurrence. Nonetheless, most of eligible cardiovascular patients still do not benefit from secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation programs. The present review draws attention to the importance of physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It also addresses the mechanisms by which physical activity and regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of the disease.
文摘Background:Evidence supports the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation(CR)in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD).Nonetheless,the influence of training variables on the effects of exercise training is debateable.Therefore,this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to i)estimate the effects of exercise-based CR on the circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CVD based on the type of exercise,and ii)analyse the influence of other potential moderator variables.Methods:Electronic searches were performed in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science databases up to October 2022.A random-effects models of standardised mean difference(SMD)were used.Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were used to carry out heterogeneity analyses.Results:Aerobic exercise diminished the levels of C-reactive protein compared with the control group in patients with CVD(SMD+=-0.33[95%CI=-0.47,-0.20),as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alfa exclusively in patients with chronic heart failure(SMD+=-0.38[95%CI=-0.59,-0.17]).Moreover,heterogeneity analyses showed that the effect of aerobic exercise on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is higher in studies that carried out a CR programme based exclusively on exercise,as well as in studies that performed a shorter intervention period or carried out a lower number of exercise sessions(P≤0.05).Conclusion:Our findings support the anti-inflammatory effect of aerobic exercise in patients with CVD.The low number of studies testing interventions using resistance or combined exercise precludes a definitive answer about their anti-inflammatory effects in this patient population.
文摘Robot World Cup Initiative (RoboCup) is a worldwide competition proposed to advance research in robotics and artificial intelligence. It has a league called RoboCup soccer devoted for soccer robots, which is a challenge because robots are mobile, fully autonomous, multi-agents, and they play on a dynamic environment. Moreover, robots must recognize the game entities, which is a crucial task during a game. A camera is usually used as an input system to recognize ball, opponents, soccer field, and so on. These elements may be recognized applying some tools of computational intelligence, for example an artificial neural network. This paper describes the application of an artificial neural network on middle size robotic football league, where a multilayer perceptron neural network is trained with the backpropagation algorithm, to classify elements on the image. Each output neuron represents an entity and its output value depends on the current entity that is present on the image. The results show that an artificial neural network successfully classified the entities. They were recognized even when similar color entities were present on the image.
