Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(...Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.展开更多
Optimizing the structure of electrode materials is one of the most effective strategies for designing high-power microbial fuel cells(MFCs).However,electrode materials currently suffer from a series of shortcomings th...Optimizing the structure of electrode materials is one of the most effective strategies for designing high-power microbial fuel cells(MFCs).However,electrode materials currently suffer from a series of shortcomings that limit the output of MFCs,such as high intrinsic resistance,poor electrolyte wettability,and low microbial load capacity.Here,a three-dimensional(3D)nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube/graphene(N-MWCNT/GA)composite aerogel is synthesized as the anode for MFCs.Comparing nitrogen-doped GA,MWCNT/GA,and N-MWCNT/GA,the macroporous hydrophilic N-MWCNT/GA electrode with an average pore size of 4.24μm enables high-density loading of the microbes and facilitates extracellular electron transfer with low intrinsic resistance.Consequently,the hydrophilic surface of N-MWCNT can generate high charge mobility,enabling a high-power output performance of the MFC.In consequence,the MFC system based on N-MWCNT/GA anode exhibits a peak power density and output voltage of 2977.8 mW m^(−2)and 0.654 V,which are 1.83 times and 16.3%higher than those obtained with MWCNT/GA,respectively.These results demonstrate that 3D N-MWCNT/GA anodes can be developed for high-power MFCs in different environments by optimizing their chemical and microstructures.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are widely used owing to their unique alternating anionic and cationic layered twodimensional(2D)structures.However,studies on the preparation of 2D LDH nanosheets with uniform thickness...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are widely used owing to their unique alternating anionic and cationic layered twodimensional(2D)structures.However,studies on the preparation of 2D LDH nanosheets with uniform thickness and their photodetectors are limited.In this study,two novel ultrathin LDH(Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH)nanosheets are peeled off from precursor bimetallic phosphides through the original precursor method.Both Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets demonstrate a uniform thickness distribution with an average thickness of 3–4 nm,micron-level lateral sizes,and moderate bandgap.Owing to its broad light absorption range,hydrophilicity,and stability,Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets are applied for the first time in photoelectrochemical photodetectors,realizing a wide range of light detection from ultraviolet(365 nm)to visible light(635 nm).Moreover,the fabricated photodetectors exhibit excellent cycle stability,and the average photocurrent density shows no reduction after 70 days.Therefore,this study provides an effective method to prepare 2D Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets with uniform thickness and photoelectric application prospects.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials based on group IVA elements have attracted extensive attention owing to their rich chemical structures and novel proper-ties.This comprehensive review focuses on the phases of Ge monoeleme...Two-dimensional(2D)materials based on group IVA elements have attracted extensive attention owing to their rich chemical structures and novel proper-ties.This comprehensive review focuses on the phases of Ge monoelemental and binary 2D materials including germanene and its derivatives,Ge-IVA binary compounds,Ge-VA binary compounds,and Ge-VIA binary compounds.The latest progress in predictive modeling,fabrication,and fundamental and physical property modulation of their stable 2D configurations are presented.Accordingly,various interesting applications of these Ge-based 2D materials are discussed,particularly field effect transistors,photodetectors,optical devices,catalysts,energy storage devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,sensors,biomedical materials,and spintronic devices.Finally,this review con-cludes with a few perspectives and an outlook for quickly expanding the appli-cation scope Ge-based 2D materials based on recent developments.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103093)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2021QNRC001)+2 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB214048)Science and Technology Support Project of Shangrao(2020L009,2021J006)Science and Technological Project of Education Department of Jiangxi(GJJ211704)for funding their contributions to this paper。
文摘Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51803151,51973152,51773147,52173078,52130303,51973158)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51633007)the Seed Foundation of Tianjin University(No.2105018).
文摘Optimizing the structure of electrode materials is one of the most effective strategies for designing high-power microbial fuel cells(MFCs).However,electrode materials currently suffer from a series of shortcomings that limit the output of MFCs,such as high intrinsic resistance,poor electrolyte wettability,and low microbial load capacity.Here,a three-dimensional(3D)nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube/graphene(N-MWCNT/GA)composite aerogel is synthesized as the anode for MFCs.Comparing nitrogen-doped GA,MWCNT/GA,and N-MWCNT/GA,the macroporous hydrophilic N-MWCNT/GA electrode with an average pore size of 4.24μm enables high-density loading of the microbes and facilitates extracellular electron transfer with low intrinsic resistance.Consequently,the hydrophilic surface of N-MWCNT can generate high charge mobility,enabling a high-power output performance of the MFC.In consequence,the MFC system based on N-MWCNT/GA anode exhibits a peak power density and output voltage of 2977.8 mW m^(−2)and 0.654 V,which are 1.83 times and 16.3%higher than those obtained with MWCNT/GA,respectively.These results demonstrate that 3D N-MWCNT/GA anodes can be developed for high-power MFCs in different environments by optimizing their chemical and microstructures.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52130303)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0202302)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52103093 and 52173078)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702424).
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)are widely used owing to their unique alternating anionic and cationic layered twodimensional(2D)structures.However,studies on the preparation of 2D LDH nanosheets with uniform thickness and their photodetectors are limited.In this study,two novel ultrathin LDH(Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH)nanosheets are peeled off from precursor bimetallic phosphides through the original precursor method.Both Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets demonstrate a uniform thickness distribution with an average thickness of 3–4 nm,micron-level lateral sizes,and moderate bandgap.Owing to its broad light absorption range,hydrophilicity,and stability,Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets are applied for the first time in photoelectrochemical photodetectors,realizing a wide range of light detection from ultraviolet(365 nm)to visible light(635 nm).Moreover,the fabricated photodetectors exhibit excellent cycle stability,and the average photocurrent density shows no reduction after 70 days.Therefore,this study provides an effective method to prepare 2D Ca-In and Ca-Al LDH nanosheets with uniform thickness and photoelectric application prospects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52103093,52130303,52173078China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2021M702424,2022T150172+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,Grant/Award Number:2021QNRC001the Seed Foundation of Tianjin University,Grant/Award Number:220636。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials based on group IVA elements have attracted extensive attention owing to their rich chemical structures and novel proper-ties.This comprehensive review focuses on the phases of Ge monoelemental and binary 2D materials including germanene and its derivatives,Ge-IVA binary compounds,Ge-VA binary compounds,and Ge-VIA binary compounds.The latest progress in predictive modeling,fabrication,and fundamental and physical property modulation of their stable 2D configurations are presented.Accordingly,various interesting applications of these Ge-based 2D materials are discussed,particularly field effect transistors,photodetectors,optical devices,catalysts,energy storage devices,solar cells,thermoelectric devices,sensors,biomedical materials,and spintronic devices.Finally,this review con-cludes with a few perspectives and an outlook for quickly expanding the appli-cation scope Ge-based 2D materials based on recent developments.
