Background:Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTCL) originates primarily in the nasal cavity or extra-nasal sites within the upper aerodigestive tract.However,it is unclear whether the primary site...Background:Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTCL) originates primarily in the nasal cavity or extra-nasal sites within the upper aerodigestive tract.However,it is unclear whether the primary site can serve as an independent prognostic factor or whether the varying clinical outcomes observed with different primary sites can be attributed merely to their propensities of regional lymph node involvement.The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of the primary site and regional lymph node involvement in patients with early-stage nasal-type ENKTCL.Methods:To develop a nomogram,we reviewed the clinical data of 215 consecutively diagnosed patients with early-stage nasal-type ENKTCL who were treated in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center with chemotherapy and radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011.The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using a concordance index(C-index) and calibration curve.Results:The 5-year overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) rates of patients with nasal ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with extra-nasal ENKTCL(OS:68.2%vs.46.0%,P = 0.030;PFS:53.4%vs.26.6%,P = 0.010).The 5-year OS and PFS rates of patients with Ann Arbor stage IE ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage HE ENKTCL(OS:66.3%vs.59.2%,P = 0.003;PFS:51.4%vs.40.3%,P = 0.009).Multivariate analysis showed that age >60 years,ECOG performance status score >2,elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) level,extranasal primary site,and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5-year OS rate;age >60 years,elevated LDH level,extra-nasal primary site,and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5-year PFS rate.The nomogram included the primary site and regional lymph node involvement based on multivariate analysis.The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and actual 5-year OS and PFS rates,and the C-indexes of the nomogram for the OS and PFS rates were 0.697 and 0.634,respectively.Conclusions:The primary site and regional lymph node involvement are independent prognostic factors for earlystage ENKTCL treated with chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy.展开更多
Objective: To investigate potential prognostic factors affecting patient outcomes and to evaluate the optimal methods and effects of radiotherapy(RT) in the management of extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP).Methods: Data...Objective: To investigate potential prognostic factors affecting patient outcomes and to evaluate the optimal methods and effects of radiotherapy(RT) in the management of extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP).Methods: Data from 55 patients with EMP between November 1999 and August 2015 were collected. The median age was 51(range, 22–77) years. The median tumor size was 3.5(range, 1.0–15.0) cm. The median applied dose was 50.0(range, 30.0–70.0) Gy. Thirty-nine patients(70.9%) presented with disease in the head or neck region. Twelve patients received RT alone, 9 received surgery(S) alone, 3 received chemotherapy(CT) alone, and 3 patients did not receive any treatment. Combination therapies were applied in 28 patients.Results:The median follow-up duration was 56 months.The 5-year local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),multiple myeloma-free survival(MMFS),progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were 79.8%,78.6%,65.2% and 76.0%,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that RT was a favourable factor for all examined endpoints.Furthermore,head and neck EMPs were associated with superior LRFS,MMFS and PFS.Tumor size<4 cm was associated with superior MMFS,PFS and OS;serum M protein negativity was associated with superior MMFS and PFS;age≥50 years and local recurrence were associated with poor MMFS.The dose≥45 Gy group exhibited superior 5-year LRFS,MMFS and PFS rates(94.7%,94.4%,90.0%,respectively),while the corresponding values for the dose<45 Gy group were 62.5%(P=0.008),53.3%(P=0.036)and 41.7%(P<0.001).Conclusions:Involved-site RT of at least 45 Gy should be considered for EMP.Furthermore,patients with head and neck EMP,tumor size<4 cm,age<50 years and serum M protein negativity had better outcomes.展开更多
文摘Background:Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTCL) originates primarily in the nasal cavity or extra-nasal sites within the upper aerodigestive tract.However,it is unclear whether the primary site can serve as an independent prognostic factor or whether the varying clinical outcomes observed with different primary sites can be attributed merely to their propensities of regional lymph node involvement.The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of the primary site and regional lymph node involvement in patients with early-stage nasal-type ENKTCL.Methods:To develop a nomogram,we reviewed the clinical data of 215 consecutively diagnosed patients with early-stage nasal-type ENKTCL who were treated in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center with chemotherapy and radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011.The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using a concordance index(C-index) and calibration curve.Results:The 5-year overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) rates of patients with nasal ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with extra-nasal ENKTCL(OS:68.2%vs.46.0%,P = 0.030;PFS:53.4%vs.26.6%,P = 0.010).The 5-year OS and PFS rates of patients with Ann Arbor stage IE ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage HE ENKTCL(OS:66.3%vs.59.2%,P = 0.003;PFS:51.4%vs.40.3%,P = 0.009).Multivariate analysis showed that age >60 years,ECOG performance status score >2,elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) level,extranasal primary site,and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5-year OS rate;age >60 years,elevated LDH level,extra-nasal primary site,and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5-year PFS rate.The nomogram included the primary site and regional lymph node involvement based on multivariate analysis.The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and actual 5-year OS and PFS rates,and the C-indexes of the nomogram for the OS and PFS rates were 0.697 and 0.634,respectively.Conclusions:The primary site and regional lymph node involvement are independent prognostic factors for earlystage ENKTCL treated with chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy.
文摘Objective: To investigate potential prognostic factors affecting patient outcomes and to evaluate the optimal methods and effects of radiotherapy(RT) in the management of extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP).Methods: Data from 55 patients with EMP between November 1999 and August 2015 were collected. The median age was 51(range, 22–77) years. The median tumor size was 3.5(range, 1.0–15.0) cm. The median applied dose was 50.0(range, 30.0–70.0) Gy. Thirty-nine patients(70.9%) presented with disease in the head or neck region. Twelve patients received RT alone, 9 received surgery(S) alone, 3 received chemotherapy(CT) alone, and 3 patients did not receive any treatment. Combination therapies were applied in 28 patients.Results:The median follow-up duration was 56 months.The 5-year local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),multiple myeloma-free survival(MMFS),progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were 79.8%,78.6%,65.2% and 76.0%,respectively.Univariate analysis revealed that RT was a favourable factor for all examined endpoints.Furthermore,head and neck EMPs were associated with superior LRFS,MMFS and PFS.Tumor size<4 cm was associated with superior MMFS,PFS and OS;serum M protein negativity was associated with superior MMFS and PFS;age≥50 years and local recurrence were associated with poor MMFS.The dose≥45 Gy group exhibited superior 5-year LRFS,MMFS and PFS rates(94.7%,94.4%,90.0%,respectively),while the corresponding values for the dose<45 Gy group were 62.5%(P=0.008),53.3%(P=0.036)and 41.7%(P<0.001).Conclusions:Involved-site RT of at least 45 Gy should be considered for EMP.Furthermore,patients with head and neck EMP,tumor size<4 cm,age<50 years and serum M protein negativity had better outcomes.
