Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventi...Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventional cardiologists in terms of reducing both radiation exposure and orthopedic injuries.Several large,high-quality cohort studies have confirmed the short-term safety and high technical success rate of R-PCI.However,randomized long-term data are still needed before adopting them as part of standard coronary interventions.Furthermore,tele-stenting for complex coronary lesions has significant potential for R-PCI.We need to overcome the present relevant challenges for its application such as inherent delays,bedside care for unstable patients from R-PCIs to manual PCIs(M-PCIs),incompatibility for a thrombus aspiration catheter and heavily calcified lesions.There is a great future in laboratory workflow teams,3D-printed anatomical models and multiple joint collaborative control algorithms.This narrative review summarizes the latest developments in R-PCI,with a focus on developments in robotic technology,and discusses the current and future potential use of R-PCI in clinical practice globally.展开更多
BACKGROUND Several studies have proved the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in reducing the occupational hazards of interventionists while achieving precision medicine.Ho...BACKGROUND Several studies have proved the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in reducing the occupational hazards of interventionists while achieving precision medicine.However,an independently developed robot-assisted system for PCI in China has not yet emerged.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a robot-assisted system for elective PCI in China.METHODS This preclinical trial included 22 experimental pigs and preliminarily supported the safety and feasibility of the ETcath200 robot-assisted system for PCI.Then,eleven patients with coronary heart disease who met the inclusion criteria and had clinical indications for elective PCI were enrolled.PCI was performed using a robot-assisted system.The primary outcomes were clinical success(defined as visual estimated residual stenosis<30%after PCI and no major adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization and within 30 days after PCI)and technical success(defined as the ability to use the robot-assisted system to complete PCI successfully without conversion to the traditional manual PCI).RESULTS Eleven patients were included in this clinical trial.A drug-eluting stent with a diameter of 3 mm(interquartile range:2.75–3.5 mm)and a length of 26 mm(interquartile range:22–28 mm)was deployed in all patients.The clinical success rate was 100%,with no PCI-related complications and no in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events,and the technical success rate was 100%.CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggest that the use of the independently developed robot-assisted system in China for elective PCI is feasible,safe,and effective.展开更多
BACKGROUND M1 polarization of macrophages is an important pathological process in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, which is the major obstacle for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, the st...BACKGROUND M1 polarization of macrophages is an important pathological process in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, which is the major obstacle for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, the strategies and mechanisms of inhibiting M1 polarization are poorly explored. This study aims to investigate the role of soluble death receptor 5-Fc(s DR5-Fc) in regulating M1 polarization of macrophages under extreme conditions and explore the mechanisms from the aspect of glycolysis.METHODS Extreme conditions were induced in RAW264.7 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the expression of m RNA and proteins, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 was used to investigate the proliferation activity of cells. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS We found that s DR5-Fc rescues the proliferation of macrophages under extreme conditions, including nutrition deficiency, excessive peroxide, and ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, administration of s DR5-Fc inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), as the expression of M1 polarization markers CD86, CXC motif chemokine ligand 10, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6, were significantly decreased. By further investigation of the mechanisms, the results showed that s DR5-Fc can recover the LPS and IFN-γ induced p H reduction, lactic acid elevation, and increased expression of hexokinase 2 and glucose transporter 1, which were markers of glycolysis in macrophages.CONCLUSIONS s DR5-Fc inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages by blocking the glycolysis, which provides a new direction for the development of strategies in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.展开更多
Excimer laser coronary angioplasty(ELCA)modifies atherosclerotic plaques through its photochemical,photothermal and photodynamic characteristics,while making up for the limitations of intimal disassembly and restenosi...Excimer laser coronary angioplasty(ELCA)modifies atherosclerotic plaques through its photochemical,photothermal and photodynamic characteristics,while making up for the limitations of intimal disassembly and restenosis of balloon angioplasty without causing significant damage.The American Food and Drug Administration approved of the first clinical application of ELCA in 1992.Since then,ELCA has been used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of various subsets of coronary artery lesions.ELCA considered to be a relatively safe and effective technique for coronary lesions when routine angioplasty is technically insufficient.展开更多
The rational design of highly active and stable atomically dispersed M-X4(M=Fe,Co,Ni,etc.,X=C,N)-based catalysts holds promises for wide application in almost all realms of catalysis.Despite great effort in the constr...The rational design of highly active and stable atomically dispersed M-X4(M=Fe,Co,Ni,etc.,X=C,N)-based catalysts holds promises for wide application in almost all realms of catalysis.Despite great effort in the construction of specific M-X4 centers,the possible effect of non-coordinated heteroatoms on the catalytic activity of metal centers has been rarely explored.Herein,we develop a new type of M-X4 catalyst composed of Fe-N4 centers and non-coordinated B heteroatoms(FeNC+B)and find the key role of non-coordinated B adjacent to Fe-N4 centers in tailoring their electron density and final catalytic selectivity.The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that non-coordinated boron atoms could decrease the electron density of Fe-N4 centers to a suitable level and thus boost the selective production of nitriles from amine oxidation by depressing the formation of imines due to the flattened energy barrier of the reversible conversion of imines back to amines.As a reusable heterocatalyst,the state-of-the-art FeNC+B catalyst provides a turn-over frequency(TOF)value of 21.6 molbenzonitrile·molFe^−1·h^−1(100℃),outpacing that of bench-marked nonnoble-metal-based homogeneous catalyst by a factor of 3.4.展开更多
Singlet oxygen as an activated oxygen species played an important role in organic synthesis. Suitable catalyst for converting ubiquitous oxygen molecule to singlet oxygen under mild conditions has attracted a wide ran...Singlet oxygen as an activated oxygen species played an important role in organic synthesis. Suitable catalyst for converting ubiquitous oxygen molecule to singlet oxygen under mild conditions has attracted a wide range of attention. Herein, carbon dots have been confined into mesopores of silicalite-1 nanocrystals framework and acted as active sites for generation of singlet oxygen. The high oxygen-adsorption capacity of zeolite nanocrystals facilitated the photocatalytic generation rate of singlet oxygen, outpacing the free-standing carbon dots for 14-fold. The integrated carbon dot-zeolite nanocrystal hybrid also exhibited a special size-dependent selectivity for organic synthesis by using the in situ formed and confined singlet oxygen as active oxygen species.展开更多
Stable and portable ammonia(NH3)is a promising,low-cost,and environment-friendly medium for energy storage.How to achieve the rapid production of NH3 from reducing NO_(x)^(−)in aqueous systems and industrial wastewate...Stable and portable ammonia(NH3)is a promising,low-cost,and environment-friendly medium for energy storage.How to achieve the rapid production of NH3 from reducing NO_(x)^(−)in aqueous systems and industrial wastewater via electrochemical methods remains the main challenge for practical application on a large scale.The corresponding electrocatalysts as the key materials in electrochemical devices suffer from low activity,especially in neutral systems.In this work,we successfully elevated the activity of the bench-mark Ru electrocatalysts to more than 30 times via construction of rectifying contact of Ru metals and noble carbons.We theoretically predicted and then rationally designed a new type of P-O rich carbon with large work functions as“noble”supports to attract a pronounced number of electrons from Ru metals at the rectifying interface.The resulting electron deficiency of Ru metals largely promotes the pre-adsorption and activation of NO_(x)^(−)anions,providing high Faradaic efficiencies(>96%)and record-high turnover frequency values for universal NO_(2)^(−)and NO_(3)^(−)reduction in neutral solution.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a clean disinfectant,bleaching agent,and value-added fuel in various systems and is industrially produced through multistep energy-intensive hydrogenation/oxidation using H_(2)and O_(2)...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a clean disinfectant,bleaching agent,and value-added fuel in various systems and is industrially produced through multistep energy-intensive hydrogenation/oxidation using H_(2)and O_(2).The exploitation of metal-free catalysts for alternative H_(2)O_(2)photoconversion is limited by their limited activity and selectivity,especially for the continuous H_(2)O_(2)production using only air,water,and solar light.Now,a cheap and robust polymer,poly(4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenyl pyromellitimide)(PTTPI)was rationally synthesized by thermal structure-defect control under relatively low temperature(80-190℃),and the resulting metal-free material with a concisely refined band structure functioned as an efficient and ultra-stable photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production over a wide pH range.The PTTPI photocatalyst with an optimized defective degree(0.51)and moderate bandgap(2.3 eV)exhibited a H_(2)O_(2)production yield rate of 16.6μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) and a high apparent quantumefficiency of 16.2%.By merging the well-designed PTTPI catalyst with the water transport path of natural cotton,a zero-emission and sunlightonly input system is constructed for continuous H_(2)O_(2)production from air and water in the natural environment.The design of the polyimide-based catalyst reveals a sustainable future toward efficient H_(2)O_(2)synthesis with sunlight-only energy input,enabling its implementation in other photocatalytic systems and on-site processing communities.展开更多
文摘Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventional cardiologists in terms of reducing both radiation exposure and orthopedic injuries.Several large,high-quality cohort studies have confirmed the short-term safety and high technical success rate of R-PCI.However,randomized long-term data are still needed before adopting them as part of standard coronary interventions.Furthermore,tele-stenting for complex coronary lesions has significant potential for R-PCI.We need to overcome the present relevant challenges for its application such as inherent delays,bedside care for unstable patients from R-PCIs to manual PCIs(M-PCIs),incompatibility for a thrombus aspiration catheter and heavily calcified lesions.There is a great future in laboratory workflow teams,3D-printed anatomical models and multiple joint collaborative control algorithms.This narrative review summarizes the latest developments in R-PCI,with a focus on developments in robotic technology,and discusses the current and future potential use of R-PCI in clinical practice globally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.7212027,No.7214223)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0908800)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission(PXM2020_026272_000002,PXM2020_026272_000014).
文摘BACKGROUND Several studies have proved the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in reducing the occupational hazards of interventionists while achieving precision medicine.However,an independently developed robot-assisted system for PCI in China has not yet emerged.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a robot-assisted system for elective PCI in China.METHODS This preclinical trial included 22 experimental pigs and preliminarily supported the safety and feasibility of the ETcath200 robot-assisted system for PCI.Then,eleven patients with coronary heart disease who met the inclusion criteria and had clinical indications for elective PCI were enrolled.PCI was performed using a robot-assisted system.The primary outcomes were clinical success(defined as visual estimated residual stenosis<30%after PCI and no major adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization and within 30 days after PCI)and technical success(defined as the ability to use the robot-assisted system to complete PCI successfully without conversion to the traditional manual PCI).RESULTS Eleven patients were included in this clinical trial.A drug-eluting stent with a diameter of 3 mm(interquartile range:2.75–3.5 mm)and a length of 26 mm(interquartile range:22–28 mm)was deployed in all patients.The clinical success rate was 100%,with no PCI-related complications and no in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events,and the technical success rate was 100%.CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggest that the use of the independently developed robot-assisted system in China for elective PCI is feasible,safe,and effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (No.7212027 & No.7214223)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0908800)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission (PXM2020_026272_000002 & PXM2020_026272_000014)。
文摘BACKGROUND M1 polarization of macrophages is an important pathological process in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, which is the major obstacle for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, the strategies and mechanisms of inhibiting M1 polarization are poorly explored. This study aims to investigate the role of soluble death receptor 5-Fc(s DR5-Fc) in regulating M1 polarization of macrophages under extreme conditions and explore the mechanisms from the aspect of glycolysis.METHODS Extreme conditions were induced in RAW264.7 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the expression of m RNA and proteins, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 was used to investigate the proliferation activity of cells. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS We found that s DR5-Fc rescues the proliferation of macrophages under extreme conditions, including nutrition deficiency, excessive peroxide, and ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, administration of s DR5-Fc inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), as the expression of M1 polarization markers CD86, CXC motif chemokine ligand 10, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6, were significantly decreased. By further investigation of the mechanisms, the results showed that s DR5-Fc can recover the LPS and IFN-γ induced p H reduction, lactic acid elevation, and increased expression of hexokinase 2 and glucose transporter 1, which were markers of glycolysis in macrophages.CONCLUSIONS s DR5-Fc inhibits the M1 polarization of macrophages by blocking the glycolysis, which provides a new direction for the development of strategies in the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.7212027&No.7214223)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0908800)and the Beijing Municipal Health Commission(PXM2020_026272_000002&PXM2020_026272_000014).
文摘Excimer laser coronary angioplasty(ELCA)modifies atherosclerotic plaques through its photochemical,photothermal and photodynamic characteristics,while making up for the limitations of intimal disassembly and restenosis of balloon angioplasty without causing significant damage.The American Food and Drug Administration approved of the first clinical application of ELCA in 1992.Since then,ELCA has been used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of various subsets of coronary artery lesions.ELCA considered to be a relatively safe and effective technique for coronary lesions when routine angioplasty is technically insufficient.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21722103,21931005,21720102002,and 21673140)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.19JC1412600)the SJTU-MPI partner group.The authors thank Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for providing beam time(No.BL14W1).
文摘The rational design of highly active and stable atomically dispersed M-X4(M=Fe,Co,Ni,etc.,X=C,N)-based catalysts holds promises for wide application in almost all realms of catalysis.Despite great effort in the construction of specific M-X4 centers,the possible effect of non-coordinated heteroatoms on the catalytic activity of metal centers has been rarely explored.Herein,we develop a new type of M-X4 catalyst composed of Fe-N4 centers and non-coordinated B heteroatoms(FeNC+B)and find the key role of non-coordinated B adjacent to Fe-N4 centers in tailoring their electron density and final catalytic selectivity.The experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that non-coordinated boron atoms could decrease the electron density of Fe-N4 centers to a suitable level and thus boost the selective production of nitriles from amine oxidation by depressing the formation of imines due to the flattened energy barrier of the reversible conversion of imines back to amines.As a reusable heterocatalyst,the state-of-the-art FeNC+B catalyst provides a turn-over frequency(TOF)value of 21.6 molbenzonitrile·molFe^−1·h^−1(100℃),outpacing that of bench-marked nonnoble-metal-based homogeneous catalyst by a factor of 3.4.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21720102002, 21722103, 21673140)Shanghai Basic Research Program (16JC1401600)SJTU-MPI partner group, Shanghai Eastern Scholar Program and Shanghai Rising-Star Program (16QA1402100)
文摘Singlet oxygen as an activated oxygen species played an important role in organic synthesis. Suitable catalyst for converting ubiquitous oxygen molecule to singlet oxygen under mild conditions has attracted a wide range of attention. Herein, carbon dots have been confined into mesopores of silicalite-1 nanocrystals framework and acted as active sites for generation of singlet oxygen. The high oxygen-adsorption capacity of zeolite nanocrystals facilitated the photocatalytic generation rate of singlet oxygen, outpacing the free-standing carbon dots for 14-fold. The integrated carbon dot-zeolite nanocrystal hybrid also exhibited a special size-dependent selectivity for organic synthesis by using the in situ formed and confined singlet oxygen as active oxygen species.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21931005,21720102002,and 22071146)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(grant nos.19JC1412600 and 20520711600),and the SJTU-MPI partner group.
文摘Stable and portable ammonia(NH3)is a promising,low-cost,and environment-friendly medium for energy storage.How to achieve the rapid production of NH3 from reducing NO_(x)^(−)in aqueous systems and industrial wastewater via electrochemical methods remains the main challenge for practical application on a large scale.The corresponding electrocatalysts as the key materials in electrochemical devices suffer from low activity,especially in neutral systems.In this work,we successfully elevated the activity of the bench-mark Ru electrocatalysts to more than 30 times via construction of rectifying contact of Ru metals and noble carbons.We theoretically predicted and then rationally designed a new type of P-O rich carbon with large work functions as“noble”supports to attract a pronounced number of electrons from Ru metals at the rectifying interface.The resulting electron deficiency of Ru metals largely promotes the pre-adsorption and activation of NO_(x)^(−)anions,providing high Faradaic efficiencies(>96%)and record-high turnover frequency values for universal NO_(2)^(−)and NO_(3)^(−)reduction in neutral solution.
基金This research was made possible by a generous grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21931005,21720102002,21737002,and 22071146)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(grant nos.19JC1412600 and 20520711600)and the SJTU-MPI partner group.
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is a clean disinfectant,bleaching agent,and value-added fuel in various systems and is industrially produced through multistep energy-intensive hydrogenation/oxidation using H_(2)and O_(2).The exploitation of metal-free catalysts for alternative H_(2)O_(2)photoconversion is limited by their limited activity and selectivity,especially for the continuous H_(2)O_(2)production using only air,water,and solar light.Now,a cheap and robust polymer,poly(4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)triphenyl pyromellitimide)(PTTPI)was rationally synthesized by thermal structure-defect control under relatively low temperature(80-190℃),and the resulting metal-free material with a concisely refined band structure functioned as an efficient and ultra-stable photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production over a wide pH range.The PTTPI photocatalyst with an optimized defective degree(0.51)and moderate bandgap(2.3 eV)exhibited a H_(2)O_(2)production yield rate of 16.6μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) and a high apparent quantumefficiency of 16.2%.By merging the well-designed PTTPI catalyst with the water transport path of natural cotton,a zero-emission and sunlightonly input system is constructed for continuous H_(2)O_(2)production from air and water in the natural environment.The design of the polyimide-based catalyst reveals a sustainable future toward efficient H_(2)O_(2)synthesis with sunlight-only energy input,enabling its implementation in other photocatalytic systems and on-site processing communities.
