The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on ...The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.展开更多
In vitro 3D cancer spheroids (tumoroids) exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. 3D spheroid culture methods recreate more physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells. Therefo...In vitro 3D cancer spheroids (tumoroids) exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. 3D spheroid culture methods recreate more physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells. Therefore, these models are more appropriate for cancer drug screening. We have recently developed a protocol for MCF-7 cell spheroid culture, and used this method to test the effects of different types of drugs on this estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell spheroid. Our results demonstrated that MCF-7 cells can grow spheroid in medium using a low attachment plate. We managed to grow one spheroid in each well, and the spheroid can grow over a month, the size of the spheroid can grow over a hundred times in volume. Our targeted drug experimental results suggest that estrogen sulfotransferase, steroid sulfatase, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor may play critical roles in MCF-7 cell spheroid growth, while estrogen receptors α and β may not play an essential role in MCF-7 spheroid growth. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and reiterate the in vivo microenvironment of a specific organ, best fit for the in vitro studies of diseases and drug development. Tumoroid, developed from cancer cell lines or patients’ tumor tissue, is the best in vitro model of in vivo tumors. 3D spheroid technology will be the best future method for drug development of cancers and other diseases. Our reported method can be developed clinically to develop personalized drugs when the patient’s tumor tissues are used to develop a spheroid culture for drug screening.展开更多
We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction(RXRD)in a diamond anvil cell(DAC).It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo ...We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction(RXRD)in a diamond anvil cell(DAC).It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo a split at around 27 GPa,and we believe that a phase transition from a body-centered cubic structure to a rhombohedral structure at room pressure has occurred.The slope of pressure–volume curve shows continuity before and after this phase transition,when fitting the pressure–volume curves of the body-centered cubic structure at low pressure and the rhombohedral structure at high pressure.A bulk modulus of 261.3(2.7)GPa and a first-order derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.15(0.14)are obtained by using the nonhydrostatic compression data at the angleψ=54.7°between the diffracting plane normal and stress axis.展开更多
Background:The predictive value of red blood cell distribution width(RDW)for mortality in patients withsepsis-induced acute kidney injury(SI-AKI)remains unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the potentialasso...Background:The predictive value of red blood cell distribution width(RDW)for mortality in patients withsepsis-induced acute kidney injury(SI-AKI)remains unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the potentialassociation between RDW at admission and outcomes in patients with SI-AKI.Methods:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC)-IV(version 2.0)database,released in Juneof 2022,provides medical data of SI-AKI patients to conduct our related research.Based on propensity scorematching(PSM)method,the main risk factors associated with mortality in SI-AKI were evaluated using Coxproportional hazards regression analysis to construct a predictive nomogram.The concordance index(C-index)and decision curve analysis were used to validate the predictive ability and clinical utility of this model.Patientswith SI-AKI were classified into the high-and low-RDW groups according to the best cut-off value obtained bycalculating the maximum value of the Youden index.Results:A total of 7574 patients with SI-AKI were identified according to the filter criteria.Compared withthe low-RDW group,the high-RDW group had higher 28-day(9.49%vs.31.40%,respectively,P<0.001)and7-day(3.96%vs.13.93%,respectively,P<0.001)mortality rates.Patients in the high-RDW group were moreprone to AKI progression than those in the low-RDW group(20.80%vs.13.60%,respectively,P<0.001).Basedon matched patients,we developed a nomogram model that included age,white blood cells,RDW,combinedhypertension and presence of a malignant tumor,treatment with vasopressor,dialysis,and invasive ventilation,sequential organ failure assessment,and AKI stages.The C-index for predicting the probability of 28-day survivalwas 0.799.Decision curve analysis revealed that the model with RDW offered greater net benefit than that withoutRDW.Conclusion:The present findings demonstrated the importance of RDW,which improved the predictive ability ofthe nomogram model for the probability of survival in patients with SI-AKI.展开更多
Urea transporters(UT)play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics.Thus,UT inhibitors are promising for development as nove...Urea transporters(UT)play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics.Thus,UT inhibitors are promising for development as novel diuretics.In the present study,a novel UT inhibitor with a diarylamide scaffold was discovered by high-throughput screening.Optimization of the inhibitor led to the identifi-cation of a promising preclinical candidate,N-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide(1 H),with excellent in vitro UT inhibitory activity at the submicromolar level.The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1 H against UT-B in mouse,rat,and human erythrocyte were 1.60,0.64,and0.13 mmol/L,respectively.Further investigation suggested that 8 mmol/L 1 H more powerfully inhibited UT-A1 at a rate of 86.8%than UT-B at a rate of 73.9%in MDCK cell models.Most interestingly,we found for the first time that oral administration of 1 H at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed superior diuretic effect in vivo without causing electrolyte imbalance in rats.Additionally,1 H did not exhibit apparent toxicity in vivo and in vitro,and possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.1 H shows promise as a novel diuretic to treat hyponatremia accompanied with volume expansion and may cause few side effects.展开更多
文摘The retail food environment (RFE) has a significant impact on people’s dietary behavior and diet-related outcomes. Although RFE research has received a lot of attention, there are very few studies that shed light on the foodscape and assessment methodologies in the China context. Based on open data obtained from Dianping.com and AutoNavi map, we classified all food outlets into six types. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to create two network buffer areas (1-km and 3-km) and calculate the absolute measures and relative measures (i.e., mRFEI and Rmix). We modified the calculation of relative measures by adding items and assigning weights. The mean mRFEI using the 1-km and 3-km buffer sizes across the communities were 10.45 and 20.12, respectively, while the mean mRmix of the two buffer sizes were 20.97 and 58.04, indicating that residents in Wuhan have better access to fresh and nutritious food within 3-km network buffers. Residents in urban areas are more likely to be exposed to an unhealthy food environment than those in rural areas. Residents in Xinzhou and Qiaokou districts are more likely to be subjected to unfavorable neighborhood RFE. The open data-driven methods for assessing RFE in Wuhan, China may guide community-level food policy interventions and promote active living by shifting built environments to increase residents’ access to healthy food.
文摘In vitro 3D cancer spheroids (tumoroids) exhibit a drug resistance profile similar to that found in solid tumors. 3D spheroid culture methods recreate more physiologically relevant microenvironments for cells. Therefore, these models are more appropriate for cancer drug screening. We have recently developed a protocol for MCF-7 cell spheroid culture, and used this method to test the effects of different types of drugs on this estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell spheroid. Our results demonstrated that MCF-7 cells can grow spheroid in medium using a low attachment plate. We managed to grow one spheroid in each well, and the spheroid can grow over a month, the size of the spheroid can grow over a hundred times in volume. Our targeted drug experimental results suggest that estrogen sulfotransferase, steroid sulfatase, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor may play critical roles in MCF-7 cell spheroid growth, while estrogen receptors α and β may not play an essential role in MCF-7 spheroid growth. Organoids are the miniatures of in vivo tissues and reiterate the in vivo microenvironment of a specific organ, best fit for the in vitro studies of diseases and drug development. Tumoroid, developed from cancer cell lines or patients’ tumor tissue, is the best in vitro model of in vivo tumors. 3D spheroid technology will be the best future method for drug development of cancers and other diseases. Our reported method can be developed clinically to develop personalized drugs when the patient’s tumor tissues are used to develop a spheroid culture for drug screening.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075163)the Open fund project of Industrial Technology Institute of Sichuan University of Arts and Science,China(Grant No.ZNZZ2101)+1 种基金the Project of Ph.D special research of Sichuan University of Arts and Science,China(Grant No.2019BS006Z)supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KJCX2-SW-N03 and KJCX2-SW-N20)。
文摘We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction(RXRD)in a diamond anvil cell(DAC).It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo a split at around 27 GPa,and we believe that a phase transition from a body-centered cubic structure to a rhombohedral structure at room pressure has occurred.The slope of pressure–volume curve shows continuity before and after this phase transition,when fitting the pressure–volume curves of the body-centered cubic structure at low pressure and the rhombohedral structure at high pressure.A bulk modulus of 261.3(2.7)GPa and a first-order derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.15(0.14)are obtained by using the nonhydrostatic compression data at the angleψ=54.7°between the diffracting plane normal and stress axis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:81901960 and 81902006)the Foundation of Shanghai Hospital Development Center(grant number:SHDC2020CR4100).
文摘Background:The predictive value of red blood cell distribution width(RDW)for mortality in patients withsepsis-induced acute kidney injury(SI-AKI)remains unclear.The present study aimed to investigate the potentialassociation between RDW at admission and outcomes in patients with SI-AKI.Methods:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC)-IV(version 2.0)database,released in Juneof 2022,provides medical data of SI-AKI patients to conduct our related research.Based on propensity scorematching(PSM)method,the main risk factors associated with mortality in SI-AKI were evaluated using Coxproportional hazards regression analysis to construct a predictive nomogram.The concordance index(C-index)and decision curve analysis were used to validate the predictive ability and clinical utility of this model.Patientswith SI-AKI were classified into the high-and low-RDW groups according to the best cut-off value obtained bycalculating the maximum value of the Youden index.Results:A total of 7574 patients with SI-AKI were identified according to the filter criteria.Compared withthe low-RDW group,the high-RDW group had higher 28-day(9.49%vs.31.40%,respectively,P<0.001)and7-day(3.96%vs.13.93%,respectively,P<0.001)mortality rates.Patients in the high-RDW group were moreprone to AKI progression than those in the low-RDW group(20.80%vs.13.60%,respectively,P<0.001).Basedon matched patients,we developed a nomogram model that included age,white blood cells,RDW,combinedhypertension and presence of a malignant tumor,treatment with vasopressor,dialysis,and invasive ventilation,sequential organ failure assessment,and AKI stages.The C-index for predicting the probability of 28-day survivalwas 0.799.Decision curve analysis revealed that the model with RDW offered greater net benefit than that withoutRDW.Conclusion:The present findings demonstrated the importance of RDW,which improved the predictive ability ofthe nomogram model for the probability of survival in patients with SI-AKI.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81620108029,81974083,and 81330074)Beijing Natural Science Foundation grant 7172113(China)
文摘Urea transporters(UT)play a vital role in the mechanism of urine concentration and are recognized as novel targets for the development of salt-sparing diuretics.Thus,UT inhibitors are promising for development as novel diuretics.In the present study,a novel UT inhibitor with a diarylamide scaffold was discovered by high-throughput screening.Optimization of the inhibitor led to the identifi-cation of a promising preclinical candidate,N-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide(1 H),with excellent in vitro UT inhibitory activity at the submicromolar level.The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1 H against UT-B in mouse,rat,and human erythrocyte were 1.60,0.64,and0.13 mmol/L,respectively.Further investigation suggested that 8 mmol/L 1 H more powerfully inhibited UT-A1 at a rate of 86.8%than UT-B at a rate of 73.9%in MDCK cell models.Most interestingly,we found for the first time that oral administration of 1 H at a dose of 100 mg/kg showed superior diuretic effect in vivo without causing electrolyte imbalance in rats.Additionally,1 H did not exhibit apparent toxicity in vivo and in vitro,and possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.1 H shows promise as a novel diuretic to treat hyponatremia accompanied with volume expansion and may cause few side effects.
