Through field sampling of atmospheric dustfall in regions of Zhuzhou City, China for a period of one year, the deposition fluxes of atmospheric dustfall and five heavy metals contained inside, including Cr, As, Cd, Hg...Through field sampling of atmospheric dustfall in regions of Zhuzhou City, China for a period of one year, the deposition fluxes of atmospheric dustfall and five heavy metals contained inside, including Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb, were analyzed. Meanwhile the enrichment factor and index methods were used to analyze the pollution characteristics of heavy metals of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou. The annual deposition flux of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was 50.79 g/（m^2.year）, while the annual deposition fluxes of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 9.80, 59.69, 140.09, 0.87 and 1074.91 mg/（m^2.year）, respectively. The pollution level of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was relatively lower compared with most other cities in China, but the deposition fluxes of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou were much higher than that in most cities and regions around the world. Cd is the typical heavy metal element in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou, and both the enrichment factor and pollution index of Cd were the highest. Cd, Hg, Pb and As in atmospheric dustfall were mainly from human activities. According to the single-factor index, Nemerow index and pollution load index analyses, the atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou could easily cause severe heavy metal pollution to urban soil, and the most polluting element was Cd, followed by Pb, As and Hg. Only the pollution level of Cr lay in the safety region and mainly originated from natural sources.展开更多
To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution,year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing fromJanuary to December,...To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution,year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing fromJanuary to December,2016.The sampled atmospheric particles all presented bimodal size distribution at four pollution levels(clear,slight pollution,moderate pollution and severe pollution),and peak values appeared at the size range of 0.7-2.1μmand>9.0μm,respectively.As dominant particle compositions,NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NH_(4)^(+)in four pollution levels all showed significant peaks in fine mode,especially at the size range of 1.1-2.1μm.Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 67.6%(36.3%(secondary sulfates)+31.3%(secondary nitrates))of the total sources of fine particles in urban Beijing.Severe pollution of fine particles was mainly caused by the air masses transported from nearby western and southern areas,which are industrial and densely populated region,respectively.Sensitivity tests further revealed that the control measures focusing on ammonium emission reduction was the most effective for particle pollution mitigation,and fine particles all showed nonlinear responses after reducing ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate concentrations,with the fitting curves of y=-120.8x-306.1x^(2)+290.2x^(3),y=-43.5x-67.8x^(2),and y=-25.8x-110.4x^(2)+7.6x^(3),respectively(y and x present fine particle mass variation(μg/m3)and concentration reduction ratio(CRR)/100(dimensionless)).Overall,our study presents useful information for understanding the characteristics of atmospheric inorganic aerosols in urban Beijing,as well as offers policy makers with effective measure for mitigating particle pollution.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41205093, 41305124)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation (No. 201109005)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes of China (No. 2016YSKY-025)funded by Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (No. FDLAP18005)National Key Research & Development Program of China (No. 2016YFE0112200)
文摘Through field sampling of atmospheric dustfall in regions of Zhuzhou City, China for a period of one year, the deposition fluxes of atmospheric dustfall and five heavy metals contained inside, including Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb, were analyzed. Meanwhile the enrichment factor and index methods were used to analyze the pollution characteristics of heavy metals of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou. The annual deposition flux of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was 50.79 g/（m^2.year）, while the annual deposition fluxes of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 9.80, 59.69, 140.09, 0.87 and 1074.91 mg/（m^2.year）, respectively. The pollution level of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was relatively lower compared with most other cities in China, but the deposition fluxes of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou were much higher than that in most cities and regions around the world. Cd is the typical heavy metal element in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou, and both the enrichment factor and pollution index of Cd were the highest. Cd, Hg, Pb and As in atmospheric dustfall were mainly from human activities. According to the single-factor index, Nemerow index and pollution load index analyses, the atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou could easily cause severe heavy metal pollution to urban soil, and the most polluting element was Cd, followed by Pb, As and Hg. Only the pollution level of Cr lay in the safety region and mainly originated from natural sources.
基金supported by the Three-dimensional Comprehensive Observation Research Program for O3 and PM2.5 Compound Pollution in Key Areas in Summer 2021(No.DQGG2021101)the National Research Program for key issues in air pollution control(No.DQGG0304-05)+3 种基金and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41205093,21976106,42075182)supported by the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(No.FDLAP19006)the CoInnovation Center for Green Building of Shandong Province(No.X18027Z)the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities by the Education Department of Shandong Province(No.142,2019)
文摘To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution,year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing fromJanuary to December,2016.The sampled atmospheric particles all presented bimodal size distribution at four pollution levels(clear,slight pollution,moderate pollution and severe pollution),and peak values appeared at the size range of 0.7-2.1μmand>9.0μm,respectively.As dominant particle compositions,NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),and NH_(4)^(+)in four pollution levels all showed significant peaks in fine mode,especially at the size range of 1.1-2.1μm.Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 67.6%(36.3%(secondary sulfates)+31.3%(secondary nitrates))of the total sources of fine particles in urban Beijing.Severe pollution of fine particles was mainly caused by the air masses transported from nearby western and southern areas,which are industrial and densely populated region,respectively.Sensitivity tests further revealed that the control measures focusing on ammonium emission reduction was the most effective for particle pollution mitigation,and fine particles all showed nonlinear responses after reducing ammonium,nitrate,and sulfate concentrations,with the fitting curves of y=-120.8x-306.1x^(2)+290.2x^(3),y=-43.5x-67.8x^(2),and y=-25.8x-110.4x^(2)+7.6x^(3),respectively(y and x present fine particle mass variation(μg/m3)and concentration reduction ratio(CRR)/100(dimensionless)).Overall,our study presents useful information for understanding the characteristics of atmospheric inorganic aerosols in urban Beijing,as well as offers policy makers with effective measure for mitigating particle pollution.
