Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders...Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders the application of this system.Here,a robust two-dimensional tin/sodium‒tin alloy interface was introduced onto an Al substrate as an anode via an industrial electroplating strategy.Unlike the widely accepted in situ formation of Na15Sn4 alloys,the formation of Na_(9)Sn_(4)alloys results in a semi-coherent interface with sodium due to low lattice mismatch(20.84%),which alleviates the lattice stress of sodium deposition and induces subsequent dense sodium deposition under high areal capacity.In addition,the strong interaction of Sn with anions allows more PF6−to preferentially participate in the interfacial solvation structure,thereby facilitating the formation of a thin(10 nm)NaF-rich solid electrolyte interface.Therefore,the substrate can withstand a high areal capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2),exhibiting a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%.The full battery exhibits long-term cycling performance(600 cycles)with a low decay rate of 0.0018%per cycle at 60 mA g^(-1).展开更多
Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite issues and passive byproducts,which severely plagues the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries.Herein,a polyzwitterionic cross-linked double network hydrogel electrol...Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite issues and passive byproducts,which severely plagues the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries.Herein,a polyzwitterionic cross-linked double network hydrogel electrolyte composed of physical crosslinking(hyaluronic acid)and chemical crosslinking(synthetic zwitterionic monomer copolymerized with acrylamide)is introduced to overcome these obstacles.On the one hand,highly hydrophilic physical network provides an energy dissipation channel to buffer stress and builds a H_(2)O-poor interface to avoid side reactions.On the other hand,the charged groups(sulfonic and imidazolyl)in chemical crosslinking structure build anion/cation transport channels to boost ions’kinetics migration and regulate the typical solvent structure[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)to R-SO_(3)^(−)[Zn(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(2+),with uniform electric field distribution and significant resistance to dendrites and parasitic reactions.Based on the above functions,the symmetric zinc cell exhibits superior cycle stability for more than 420 h at a high current density of 5 mA·cm^(−2),and Zn||MnO_(2)full cell has a reversible specific capacity of 150 mAh·g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 2 C with this hydrogel electrolyte.Furthermore,the pouch cell delivers impressive flexibility and cyclability for energy-storage applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Science Technology and Innovation Team in the Universities of Henan Province(24IRTSTHN002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279121and 22409179)+1 种基金supported by the National Supercomputing Centre in Zhengzhouthe funding of Zhengzhou University。
文摘Sodium metal batteries are emerging as promising energy storage technologies owing to their high-energy density and rich resources.However,the challenge of achieving continuous operation at high areal capacity hinders the application of this system.Here,a robust two-dimensional tin/sodium‒tin alloy interface was introduced onto an Al substrate as an anode via an industrial electroplating strategy.Unlike the widely accepted in situ formation of Na15Sn4 alloys,the formation of Na_(9)Sn_(4)alloys results in a semi-coherent interface with sodium due to low lattice mismatch(20.84%),which alleviates the lattice stress of sodium deposition and induces subsequent dense sodium deposition under high areal capacity.In addition,the strong interaction of Sn with anions allows more PF6−to preferentially participate in the interfacial solvation structure,thereby facilitating the formation of a thin(10 nm)NaF-rich solid electrolyte interface.Therefore,the substrate can withstand a high areal capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2),exhibiting a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%.The full battery exhibits long-term cycling performance(600 cycles)with a low decay rate of 0.0018%per cycle at 60 mA g^(-1).
基金the Science Technology and Innovation Team in University of Henan Province(No.24IRTSTHN002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279121)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712863),and DFT calculations were supported by the National Supercomputing Centre in Zhengzhou and the funding of Zhengzhou University.
文摘Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite issues and passive byproducts,which severely plagues the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries.Herein,a polyzwitterionic cross-linked double network hydrogel electrolyte composed of physical crosslinking(hyaluronic acid)and chemical crosslinking(synthetic zwitterionic monomer copolymerized with acrylamide)is introduced to overcome these obstacles.On the one hand,highly hydrophilic physical network provides an energy dissipation channel to buffer stress and builds a H_(2)O-poor interface to avoid side reactions.On the other hand,the charged groups(sulfonic and imidazolyl)in chemical crosslinking structure build anion/cation transport channels to boost ions’kinetics migration and regulate the typical solvent structure[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)to R-SO_(3)^(−)[Zn(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(2+),with uniform electric field distribution and significant resistance to dendrites and parasitic reactions.Based on the above functions,the symmetric zinc cell exhibits superior cycle stability for more than 420 h at a high current density of 5 mA·cm^(−2),and Zn||MnO_(2)full cell has a reversible specific capacity of 150 mAh·g^(−1)after 1000 cycles at 2 C with this hydrogel electrolyte.Furthermore,the pouch cell delivers impressive flexibility and cyclability for energy-storage applications.
