Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was increasingly used as a systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The pathological complete response (PCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC were h...Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was increasingly used as a systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The pathological complete response (PCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC were higher than other types of breast cancer with fluctuate data. Predictors to identify which subgroup TNBC was more likely to achieve PCR in neoadjuvant chemotherapy would give us some hints on how to improve outcomes of TNBC patients. The meta-analysis was conducted to contrast the prognostic function of some clinicopathological parameters in the PCR rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC. Methods: Studies were selected from the PubMed database. The relevant parameters to PCR rates in TNBC group were recorded. Review Manager and MIX were used to estimate prognostic function of some biological markers and clinicopathological parameters in PCR rates of TNBC. Results: The analysis included 6 studies with 723 patients, the aggregate PCR rate was 27.9% in TNBC group. The association of lymph nodes metastasis, Ki-67 expression, p53 expression and CK5/6 expression with PCR rate of TNBC was investigated in the analysis, and the odds ratios were 0.50, 9.87, 1.17 and 0.53 respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that Ki-67 expression and lymph nodes metastasis were predictors of PCR rate for TNBC in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while p53 and CK5/6 expression could not be confirmed for the prognostic function.展开更多
Objective In this study, we evaluated the difference of progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer （ES-SCLC） patients who acquired partial response ...Objective In this study, we evaluated the difference of progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer （ES-SCLC） patients who acquired partial response （PR） or complete remission （CR） after two cycles of first-line chemotherapy with the etoposide plus cisplatin （EP） regimen and those who acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles. Methods A total of 106 eligible patients treated with the EP chemotherapy regimen for two to six cycles, at The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region （China） between November 2004 and Way 2011, were enrolled in this study. RECIST version 1.1 was used for the evaluation of chemotherapy efficiency. We followed up all eligible patients every 4 weeks. All statistical data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 statistical package for Windows. Results After a median follow-up of 293 days （range, 62-1531 days）, all patients had died by the cutoff date. Fifty-one patients acquired PR or CR after two cycles of chemotherapy; the median PFS reached 6.0 months （95% CI, 5.1-6.9）, and the median OS was 10.5 months （95% CI, 8.6-12.4）. Twenty-eight patients acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles; the median PFS was 4.8 months （95% CI, 4.4-5.2）, and the median OS was 7.5 months （95% CI, 6.8-8.2）. Both PFS and OS showed a statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion ES-SCLC patients who acquired PR or CR after two cycles of the EP regimen as first-line therapy had longer PFS and OS than those who acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles.展开更多
Objective:The pathological complete response(pCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) was reported higher than that in non-TNBC but ranged from 12% to 48%. pCR was reported to...Objective:The pathological complete response(pCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) was reported higher than that in non-TNBC but ranged from 12% to 48%. pCR was reported to be a predictor of long overall survival and exact pCR rate of NAC in TNBC would give us some hints on how to improve outcomes of TNBC patients. The meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pCR rate of NAC for TNBC through contrasting the pCR rates of TNBC and non-TNBC tumors in NAC. Methods: Studies were selected from the PubMed database and Cochrane Collaboration Library. pCR rates were collected in groups of TNBC and non-TNBC tumors. Review Manager 4.2 was used to perform forest plots and funnel plots. Results: The analysis included 22 studies with 7168 patients, the aggregate pCR rate was 29.5% in TNBC group, which was 17.7% higher than non-TNBC. The summary relative risk(RR) for pCR rate of TNBC group with that of non-TNBC group was 2.55. No obvious statistical heterogeneity and publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that NAC showed a higher pCR rate in TNBC than non-TNBC.展开更多
Objective： The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first line regimen in Her-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer （MBC） patients. The p...Objective： The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first line regimen in Her-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer （MBC） patients. The primary endpoint was overall response rate （ORR） and the second endpoint was clinical benefit rate （CBR） and toxcities. Methods： Estrogen recep- tor （ER） （-）, progesterone receptor （PR） （-）, Her-2 （＋＋＋） patients were included in the study. 126 eligible patients were divided into 2 groups, 51 of them were assigned to the Herceptin group （H group） and 75 of them were assigned to the Control group （C group）. They were treated by commonly used chemotherapy regimens with or without trastuzumab. Results： Response rate （RR） of the H group and the C group were 51.0% and 24.0% separately, and the difference were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. CBR of the two groups were 76.4% （H group） and 64.0% （C group）, had significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Complete response rate （CRR） of the two groups were 21.5% and 6.6%, there were no significant difference between the two groups （P = 0.055）. Grade 3-4 cardiac toxicity were recorded in 9 patients with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy （17.6%） and 4 patients with chemotherapy （5.4%）, with no statistical significance （P = 0.054）. In the subgroup of antharcycline-containing regimens, Grade 1-4 cardiac toxicity occurred in 9 patients in the trasutuzumab combining with antharcycline-containing regimens arm [herceptin plus anthracyciine contained chemotherapy （H ＋ ACCT arm; 40.9%, g/22）], and 4 patients in the antharcycline- containing chemotherapy arm （ACCT arm; 12.5%, 4/32）. There was statistical significant difference between the two arms （P 〈 0.05）. Grade 3--4 cardiac toxicity, the occurance rates were 18.1% （4/22） in H ＋ ACCT arm and 6.3% （2/32） in ACCT arm, and there was no significant statistical difference （P = 0.352）. Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia in the H group and C group were 27.5% （14/51） and 26.7% （20/75）, with no significant difference （P = 0.922）. Conclusion： The efficiency of trastuzumab combining with chemotherapy using as first line regimen in Her-2 overexpressing MBC patients were exact. However, the long-term cardiac toxicity can be hidden troubles of trastuzumab using.展开更多
Bridge failure, which is generally associated with serious economic and life losses, is defined as the incapacity of a constructed bridge or its components to perform as specified in the design and construction requir...Bridge failure, which is generally associated with serious economic and life losses, is defined as the incapacity of a constructed bridge or its components to perform as specified in the design and construction requirements. This paper presents an overview of current researches on the typical characteristics and causes of bridge failures based on 10 former investigations. Principal causes can be divided into internal causes and external causes or natural factors and human factors. Design error, construction mistakes, hydraulic, collision, and overload are the top 5 leading causes of bridge failures, resulting in more than70% of the bridge failures. Causes of bridge failures are closely related to regional economy,structural type, type of use, material type, and service age. The failure rate is very high for steel bridges, which is inseparable from excessive emphasis on structure strength but lack of consideration on structure stability and fatigue in early years. Researchers need to strengthen their research on the stability and fatigue of steel bridges, as well as inspection and maintenance. Extreme loads such as flood, collision, and overload contribute to a large number of bridge failures because of the lack of extreme loads data and design theory defects. It is critical for such bridges to have sufficient redundancy and capacity protection measures to reduce the probability of bridge failure due to extreme loads. Previous statistical methods and classification methods for the characteristics and causes of bridge failures lack unified standards, and a more scientific method needs to be established. A comprehensive electronic database on bridge damage and failures needs to be developed to establish damage models and conduct forensic studies to improve the design theory and specifications.展开更多
基金Supported by a grant from the Science&Technology Supporting Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20102060)
文摘Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was increasingly used as a systemic therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The pathological complete response (PCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in TNBC were higher than other types of breast cancer with fluctuate data. Predictors to identify which subgroup TNBC was more likely to achieve PCR in neoadjuvant chemotherapy would give us some hints on how to improve outcomes of TNBC patients. The meta-analysis was conducted to contrast the prognostic function of some clinicopathological parameters in the PCR rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for TNBC. Methods: Studies were selected from the PubMed database. The relevant parameters to PCR rates in TNBC group were recorded. Review Manager and MIX were used to estimate prognostic function of some biological markers and clinicopathological parameters in PCR rates of TNBC. Results: The analysis included 6 studies with 723 patients, the aggregate PCR rate was 27.9% in TNBC group. The association of lymph nodes metastasis, Ki-67 expression, p53 expression and CK5/6 expression with PCR rate of TNBC was investigated in the analysis, and the odds ratios were 0.50, 9.87, 1.17 and 0.53 respectively. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that Ki-67 expression and lymph nodes metastasis were predictors of PCR rate for TNBC in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while p53 and CK5/6 expression could not be confirmed for the prognostic function.
基金Supported by grants from the National Research Key Project of the Twelfth Five-year Plan of the Republic of China(No.2012ZX09303016-002)the Science and Technology Key Programs of Liaoning Province(No.2012225019)
文摘Objective In this study, we evaluated the difference of progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） between extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer （ES-SCLC） patients who acquired partial response （PR） or complete remission （CR） after two cycles of first-line chemotherapy with the etoposide plus cisplatin （EP） regimen and those who acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles. Methods A total of 106 eligible patients treated with the EP chemotherapy regimen for two to six cycles, at The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region （China） between November 2004 and Way 2011, were enrolled in this study. RECIST version 1.1 was used for the evaluation of chemotherapy efficiency. We followed up all eligible patients every 4 weeks. All statistical data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 statistical package for Windows. Results After a median follow-up of 293 days （range, 62-1531 days）, all patients had died by the cutoff date. Fifty-one patients acquired PR or CR after two cycles of chemotherapy; the median PFS reached 6.0 months （95% CI, 5.1-6.9）, and the median OS was 10.5 months （95% CI, 8.6-12.4）. Twenty-eight patients acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles; the median PFS was 4.8 months （95% CI, 4.4-5.2）, and the median OS was 7.5 months （95% CI, 6.8-8.2）. Both PFS and OS showed a statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion ES-SCLC patients who acquired PR or CR after two cycles of the EP regimen as first-line therapy had longer PFS and OS than those who acquired PR or CR after four or six cycles.
基金Supported by grants from the Liaoning Province Science&Technology Development Funds(No.2012225019)the Sub-topics of Major Drug Discovery Platform in the Twelfth-Five Year Research of China(No.2012ZX09303016-002)
文摘Objective:The pathological complete response(pCR) rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) was reported higher than that in non-TNBC but ranged from 12% to 48%. pCR was reported to be a predictor of long overall survival and exact pCR rate of NAC in TNBC would give us some hints on how to improve outcomes of TNBC patients. The meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pCR rate of NAC for TNBC through contrasting the pCR rates of TNBC and non-TNBC tumors in NAC. Methods: Studies were selected from the PubMed database and Cochrane Collaboration Library. pCR rates were collected in groups of TNBC and non-TNBC tumors. Review Manager 4.2 was used to perform forest plots and funnel plots. Results: The analysis included 22 studies with 7168 patients, the aggregate pCR rate was 29.5% in TNBC group, which was 17.7% higher than non-TNBC. The summary relative risk(RR) for pCR rate of TNBC group with that of non-TNBC group was 2.55. No obvious statistical heterogeneity and publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that NAC showed a higher pCR rate in TNBC than non-TNBC.
基金Supported by grants from the Sub-topics of Major Drug Discovery Platform in the Twelfth-Five Year Research Program of China(No.2012ZX09303016-002)Liaoning Province Science & Technology Development Funds(No.2012225019)
文摘Objective： The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first line regimen in Her-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer （MBC） patients. The primary endpoint was overall response rate （ORR） and the second endpoint was clinical benefit rate （CBR） and toxcities. Methods： Estrogen recep- tor （ER） （-）, progesterone receptor （PR） （-）, Her-2 （＋＋＋） patients were included in the study. 126 eligible patients were divided into 2 groups, 51 of them were assigned to the Herceptin group （H group） and 75 of them were assigned to the Control group （C group）. They were treated by commonly used chemotherapy regimens with or without trastuzumab. Results： Response rate （RR） of the H group and the C group were 51.0% and 24.0% separately, and the difference were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. CBR of the two groups were 76.4% （H group） and 64.0% （C group）, had significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Complete response rate （CRR） of the two groups were 21.5% and 6.6%, there were no significant difference between the two groups （P = 0.055）. Grade 3-4 cardiac toxicity were recorded in 9 patients with trastuzumab plus chemotherapy （17.6%） and 4 patients with chemotherapy （5.4%）, with no statistical significance （P = 0.054）. In the subgroup of antharcycline-containing regimens, Grade 1-4 cardiac toxicity occurred in 9 patients in the trasutuzumab combining with antharcycline-containing regimens arm [herceptin plus anthracyciine contained chemotherapy （H ＋ ACCT arm; 40.9%, g/22）], and 4 patients in the antharcycline- containing chemotherapy arm （ACCT arm; 12.5%, 4/32）. There was statistical significant difference between the two arms （P 〈 0.05）. Grade 3--4 cardiac toxicity, the occurance rates were 18.1% （4/22） in H ＋ ACCT arm and 6.3% （2/32） in ACCT arm, and there was no significant statistical difference （P = 0.352）. Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia in the H group and C group were 27.5% （14/51） and 26.7% （20/75）, with no significant difference （P = 0.922）. Conclusion： The efficiency of trastuzumab combining with chemotherapy using as first line regimen in Her-2 overexpressing MBC patients were exact. However, the long-term cardiac toxicity can be hidden troubles of trastuzumab using.
基金funded by the Communication Research Project of Department of Transport of Shaanxi Province(19-07K)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central College of Chang’an University(300102219310)。
文摘Bridge failure, which is generally associated with serious economic and life losses, is defined as the incapacity of a constructed bridge or its components to perform as specified in the design and construction requirements. This paper presents an overview of current researches on the typical characteristics and causes of bridge failures based on 10 former investigations. Principal causes can be divided into internal causes and external causes or natural factors and human factors. Design error, construction mistakes, hydraulic, collision, and overload are the top 5 leading causes of bridge failures, resulting in more than70% of the bridge failures. Causes of bridge failures are closely related to regional economy,structural type, type of use, material type, and service age. The failure rate is very high for steel bridges, which is inseparable from excessive emphasis on structure strength but lack of consideration on structure stability and fatigue in early years. Researchers need to strengthen their research on the stability and fatigue of steel bridges, as well as inspection and maintenance. Extreme loads such as flood, collision, and overload contribute to a large number of bridge failures because of the lack of extreme loads data and design theory defects. It is critical for such bridges to have sufficient redundancy and capacity protection measures to reduce the probability of bridge failure due to extreme loads. Previous statistical methods and classification methods for the characteristics and causes of bridge failures lack unified standards, and a more scientific method needs to be established. A comprehensive electronic database on bridge damage and failures needs to be developed to establish damage models and conduct forensic studies to improve the design theory and specifications.
