Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damag...Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damage to the environment;therefore,sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed.Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment,thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However,the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety,exposure levels,and toxicological implications to the environment and human health.In the present comprehensive review,the development,scope,challenges,and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed.Moreover,the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments,their commercialization potential,and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed.Based on our knowledge,this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations,their scope,and potential risks associated with seed treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild...Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild-type(WT)A.annua is low(1-10 mg/g dry weight),leading to its erratic supply and price fluctuations[1].展开更多
Jasmonic acid(JA)signaling pathway plays an important role in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza.However,the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear.Previous work showed tha...Jasmonic acid(JA)signaling pathway plays an important role in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza.However,the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear.Previous work showed that a JASMONATE ZIM-domain(JAZ)protein,SmJAZ9,acted as a repressor of tanshinone production in S.miltiorrhiza.In this study,we revealed that SmJAZ9 reduced both phenolic acid accumulation and related biosynthetic gene expression,confirming that SmJAZ9 also negatively affected phenolic acid biosynthesis.Then,we identified a novel MYB transcription factor,SmMYB76,which interacted with SmJAZ9.SmMYB76 repressed phenolic acid biosynthesis by directly downregulating SmPAL1,Sm4CL2,and SmRAS1.Further investigation demonstrated that JA mediated phenolic acids biosynthesis via SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 complex.Taken together,these findings state the molecular mechanism that SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 regulated phenolic acid biosynthesis at the transcriptional and protein levels,which provided new insights into JA signaling pathway regulating plant metabolism.展开更多
Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution,development,and sustainable impact on food,medicine,and agriculture sectors.Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative productio...Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution,development,and sustainable impact on food,medicine,and agriculture sectors.Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier,safer,and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature.Nanotechnologies are superior than conventional food processing technologies with increased shelf life of food products,preventing contamination,and production of enhanced food quality.This comprehensive review on nanotechnologies for functional food development describes the current trends and future perspectives of advanced nanomaterials in food sector considering processing,packaging,security,and storage.Applications of nanotechnologies enhance the food bioavailability,taste,texture,and consistency,achieved through modification of particle size,possible cluster formation,and surface charge of food nanomaterials.In addition,the nanodelivery-mediated nutraceuticals,synergistic action of nanomaterials in food protection,and the application of nanosensors in smart food packaging for monitoring the quality of the stored foods and the common methods employed for assessing the impact of nanomaterials in biological systems are also discussed.展开更多
The limited bioavailability of plant-derived natural products with anticancer activity poses major challenges to the pharmaceutical industry.An example of this is camptothecin,a monoterpene indole alkaloid with potent...The limited bioavailability of plant-derived natural products with anticancer activity poses major challenges to the pharmaceutical industry.An example of this is camptothecin,a monoterpene indole alkaloid with potent anticancer activity that is extracted at very low concentrations from woody plants.Recently,camptothecin biosynthesis has been shown to become biotechnologically amenable in hairy-root systems of the natural producer Ophiorrhiza pumila.Here,time-course expression and metabolite analyses were performed to identify novel transcriptional regulators of camptothecin biosynthesis in O.pumila.It is shown here that camptothecin production increased over cultivation time and that the expression pattern of the WRKY transcription factor encoding gene OpWRKY2 is closely correlated with camptothecin accumulation.Overexpression of OpWRKY2 led to a more than three-fold increase in camptothecin levels.Accordingly,silencing of OpWRKY2 correlated with decreased camptothecin levels in the plant.Further detailed molecular characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that OpWRKY2 directly binds and activates the central camptothecin pathway gene OpTDC.Taken together,the results of this study demonstrate that OpWRKY2 acts as a direct positive regulator of camptothecin biosynthesis.As such,a feasible strategy for the over-accumulation of camptothecin in a biotechnologically amenable system is presented.展开更多
Water-soluble phenolic acids are major bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant species Salvia miltiorrhiza.Phenolic acid biosynthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate(MeJA)in this important Chinese herb.Here,we inves...Water-soluble phenolic acids are major bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant species Salvia miltiorrhiza.Phenolic acid biosynthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate(MeJA)in this important Chinese herb.Here,we investigated the mechanism underlying this induction by analyzing a transcriptome library of S.miltiorrhiza in response to MeJA.Global transcriptome analysis identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor-encoding gene SmMYB1.Overexpressing SmMYB1 significantly promoted phenolic acid accumulation and upregulated the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway,including cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase(CYP98A14).Dual-luciferase(dual-LUC)assays and/or an electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSAs)indicated that SmMYB1 activated the expression of CYP98A14,as well as the expression of genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway enzymes,including chalcone isomerase(CHI)and anthocyanidin synthase(ANS).In addition,SmMYB1 was shown to interact with SmMYC2 to additively promote CYP98A14 expression compared to the action of SmMYB1 alone.Taken together,these results demonstrate that SmMYB1 is an activator that improves the accumulation of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in S.miltiorrhiza.These findings lay the foundation for in-depth studies of the molecular mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis and for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regu...Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.展开更多
The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants,for example,terpenoids,alkaloids,and phenolic acids.However,in most cases,the availability...The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants,for example,terpenoids,alkaloids,and phenolic acids.However,in most cases,the availability of these valuable compounds is limited by cellular or organelle barriers or spatio-temporal accumulation patterns within different plant tissues.Transcription factors(TFs)regulate biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites by tightly controlling the expression of biosynthetic genes.Cutting-edge technologies and/or combining multiple strategies and approaches have been applied to elucidate the role of TFs.In this review,we focus on recent progress in the transcription regulation mechanism of representative high-value products and describe the transcriptional regulatory network,and future perspectives are discussed,which will help develop high-yield plant resources.展开更多
Camptothecin(CPT) is an anticancer pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid widely used to treat cancer patients worldwide. However, the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of camptothecin are largely unknown. O...Camptothecin(CPT) is an anticancer pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid widely used to treat cancer patients worldwide. However, the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of camptothecin are largely unknown. Ophiorrhiza pumila, the herbaceous plant from the Rubiaceae family, has emerged as a model plant for studying camptothecin biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, a high-quality reference genome of O. pumila with estimated size of ~456.90Mb was reported, and the accumulation level of camptothecin in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves. Based on its spatial distribution in the plant, we examined gene functions and expression by combining genomics with transcriptomic analysis.Two loganic acid O-methyltransferase(OpLAMTs)were identified in strictosidine-producing plant O.pumila, and enzyme catalysis assays showed that OpLAMT1 and not OpLAMT2 could convert loganic acid into loganin. Further knock-out of OpL AMT1expression led to the elimination of loganin and camptothecin accumulation in O. pumila hairy roots.Four key residues were identified in OpLAMT1 protein crucial for the catalytic activity of loganic acid to loganin. By co-expression network, we identified a NAC transcription factor, OpNAC1, as a candidate gene for regulating camptothecin biosynthesis.Transgenic hairy roots and biochemical assays demonstrated that OpNAC1 suppressed OpLAMT1 expression. Here, we reported on two camptothecin metabolic engineering strategies paving the road for industrial-scale production of camptothecin in CPT-producing plants.展开更多
MYB transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and metabolism.The phytohormone methyl jasmonate(MeJA)promotes phenolic acid accumulation in the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza,but the regulatory mechani...MYB transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and metabolism.The phytohormone methyl jasmonate(MeJA)promotes phenolic acid accumulation in the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza,but the regulatory mechanism is poorly understood.Here,we identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene 5mMYB2 from a transcriptome library produced from MeJAtreated S.mi'/horr/ifza hairy roots.Sm/VIYB2 expression was tightly correlated with the expression of key salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes including CYP^8Ai^.5mMYB2 was highly expressed in the periderm of S.miltiorrhiza and SmMYB2 localized to the nucleus.Overexpressing Sml\AYB2 in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the levels of salvianolic acids(including rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B)by upregulating salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes such as CYP98A14.SmMYB2 binds to the MYB-binding motifs in the promoter of CYP98A14,as confirmed by a dual-luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.Anthocyanin contents were significantly higher in Sm/ViyB2-overexpressing hairy root lines than the control,primarily due to the increased expression of CHI,DFR,and ANS.These findings reveal the novel regulatory role of SmMYB2 in MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis,providing a useful target gene for metabolic engineering and shedding light on the salvianolic acid regulatory network.展开更多
Background:The dry bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.is a traditional Chinese medicine,and is the leading product of the geo-authentic crude drugs‘Zhebawei’in Zhejiang Province.Fritillaria thunbergii requires more ...Background:The dry bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.is a traditional Chinese medicine,and is the leading product of the geo-authentic crude drugs‘Zhebawei’in Zhejiang Province.Fritillaria thunbergii requires more potassium(K)than nitrogen and phosphorus,while the response of F.thunbergii to K has rarely been studied.Objective and Methods:To evaluate the K nutritional status of F.thunbergii,a 2-year field experiment was conducted under six K application rates(0,40,80,120,160,and 200 kg K_(2)O ha−1)with two F.thunbergii cultivars(ZB1,narrow-leaf;ZB2,broad-leaf).Results:The bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii(BFT)yield increased to a plateau with more than~120 kg K_(2)O ha-1.The BFT quality met the standard of Pharmacopoeia of P.R.China with more than 40.0 kg K_(2)O ha^(-1).Leaf K concentration was significantly correlated with BFT yield,and was more sensitive to K application rate as compared to those of stems and flowers.Potassium application extended the duration of rapid leaf-biomass accumulation and increased the accumulation rate.Two cultivars had similar response patterns to K application,but ZB2 had higher K partial productivity,leaf-biomass,and leaf K concentration than ZB1.Conclusion:108.4-128.0 kg K_(2)O ha^(-1) was the optimal K application range for BFT yield.The potassium nutrition index(KNI)model established based on leaf K concentration has biological significance and can be used for dynamic diagnosis of K nutritional status of F.thunbergii with both accuracy and simplicity.展开更多
Background:Anisodus acutangulus(Solanaceae),an important folk medicinal herb in China,produces up to 1.2%alkaloids more than that in other Solanaceae plants such as Hyoscyamus niger,while its evolutionary position in ...Background:Anisodus acutangulus(Solanaceae),an important folk medicinal herb in China,produces up to 1.2%alkaloids more than that in other Solanaceae plants such as Hyoscyamus niger,while its evolutionary position in Hyoscyameae is not very clear.Objective:To explain the evolutionary position of A.acutangulus in the Solanaceae via complete chloroplast genome(cp)sequence.Methods:Complete chloroplast genome of A.acutangulus was obtained and characterized using the Illumina PE150 pair-end sequencing data.Structure of the genome,codon usage,nucleotide variability(Pi)value,distribution of repeats and SSRs between A.acutangulus and other seven Solanaceae species were analyzed.Previously published 22 Solanaceae cp genomes were used to construct phylogenetic tree.Results:The complete cp genome of A.acutangulus is 156082 bp in length,showed the typical quadripartite structure.The complete cp genome of A.acutangulus was highly conserved.A total of 112 unique genes were found in cp genome of A.acutangulus,among which 17 were duplicated.Further,we found eight hotspot regions for genome divergence could be explored as new DNA barcodes for the identification of the Solanaceae species.Phylogenetic analysis showed that A.acutangulus formed a clade with H.niger.Conclusion:A.acutangulus belongs to Hyoscyameae subfamily and the complete cp genome provides valuable information for phylogenetic reconstruction or comparative genomics of A.acutangulus.展开更多
Tropane alkaloids(TAs),which are anticholinergic agents,are an essential class of natural compounds,and there is a growing demand for TAs with anesthetic,analgesic,and spasmolytic effects.Anisodus acutan-gulus(Solanac...Tropane alkaloids(TAs),which are anticholinergic agents,are an essential class of natural compounds,and there is a growing demand for TAs with anesthetic,analgesic,and spasmolytic effects.Anisodus acutan-gulus(Solanaceae)is a TA-producing plant that was used as an anesthetic in ancient China.In this study,we assembled a high-quality,chromosome-scale genome of A.acutangulus with a contig N50 of 7.4 Mb.A recent whole-genome duplication occurred in A.acutangulus after its divergence from other Solanaceae species,which resulted in the duplication of ADC1 and UGT genes involved in TA biosynthesis.The catalytic activities of H6H enzymes were determined for three Solanaceae plants.On the basis of evolution and co-expressed genes,AaWRKY11 was selected for further analyses,which revealed that its encoded tran-scription factor promotes TA biosynthesis by activating AaH6H1 expression.Thesefindings provide useful insights into genome evolution related to TA biosynthesis and have potential implications for genetic manipulation of TA-producing plants.展开更多
文摘Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damage to the environment;therefore,sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed.Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment,thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However,the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety,exposure levels,and toxicological implications to the environment and human health.In the present comprehensive review,the development,scope,challenges,and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed.Moreover,the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments,their commercialization potential,and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed.Based on our knowledge,this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations,their scope,and potential risks associated with seed treatment.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0900600)the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(OPP1199872 and INV-027291)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722851)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274047,31770327,32070329,82003889)SJTU Trans-med Awards Research(20190104)SJTU Global Strategic Partnership Fund(2020 SJTU-CORNELL)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ21H280004)National Young Qihuang Scholars Training Programthe National‘Ten-thousand Talents Program’for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation in China.
文摘Dear Editor,Artemisinin,which has potent antimalarial properties,is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide originally isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua.However,the artemisinin content in wild-type(WT)A.annua is low(1-10 mg/g dry weight),leading to its erratic supply and price fluctuations[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073963,81522049)The Key Science and Technology Projects of Breeding New Varieties of Agriculture in Zhejiang Province(2021C02074-3)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(2018R52050)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talentsthe Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021JKZDZC06).
文摘Jasmonic acid(JA)signaling pathway plays an important role in tanshinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza.However,the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear.Previous work showed that a JASMONATE ZIM-domain(JAZ)protein,SmJAZ9,acted as a repressor of tanshinone production in S.miltiorrhiza.In this study,we revealed that SmJAZ9 reduced both phenolic acid accumulation and related biosynthetic gene expression,confirming that SmJAZ9 also negatively affected phenolic acid biosynthesis.Then,we identified a novel MYB transcription factor,SmMYB76,which interacted with SmJAZ9.SmMYB76 repressed phenolic acid biosynthesis by directly downregulating SmPAL1,Sm4CL2,and SmRAS1.Further investigation demonstrated that JA mediated phenolic acids biosynthesis via SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 complex.Taken together,these findings state the molecular mechanism that SmJAZ9-SmMYB76 regulated phenolic acid biosynthesis at the transcriptional and protein levels,which provided new insights into JA signaling pathway regulating plant metabolism.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1706200)National Natural Science Fund of China (31571735,81522049)+4 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Project(17JC1404300)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation (2018R52050)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health talents,TCM Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Zhejiang Province (2020ZQ014)Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (2019ZR15)Opening project of Zhejiang provincial preponderant and characteristic subject of Key University (Traditional Chinese Pharmacology),Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (ZYAOX2018004,ZYAOX2018019)
文摘Nanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution,development,and sustainable impact on food,medicine,and agriculture sectors.Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier,safer,and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature.Nanotechnologies are superior than conventional food processing technologies with increased shelf life of food products,preventing contamination,and production of enhanced food quality.This comprehensive review on nanotechnologies for functional food development describes the current trends and future perspectives of advanced nanomaterials in food sector considering processing,packaging,security,and storage.Applications of nanotechnologies enhance the food bioavailability,taste,texture,and consistency,achieved through modification of particle size,possible cluster formation,and surface charge of food nanomaterials.In addition,the nanodelivery-mediated nutraceuticals,synergistic action of nanomaterials in food protection,and the application of nanosensors in smart food packaging for monitoring the quality of the stored foods and the common methods employed for assessing the impact of nanomaterials in biological systems are also discussed.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1706203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571735,82073963,81522049,82003889)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(2018R52050)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health Talents,Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Project(17JC1404300)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY20H280008,LQ21H280004)Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Research Foundation(2020ZR15).
文摘The limited bioavailability of plant-derived natural products with anticancer activity poses major challenges to the pharmaceutical industry.An example of this is camptothecin,a monoterpene indole alkaloid with potent anticancer activity that is extracted at very low concentrations from woody plants.Recently,camptothecin biosynthesis has been shown to become biotechnologically amenable in hairy-root systems of the natural producer Ophiorrhiza pumila.Here,time-course expression and metabolite analyses were performed to identify novel transcriptional regulators of camptothecin biosynthesis in O.pumila.It is shown here that camptothecin production increased over cultivation time and that the expression pattern of the WRKY transcription factor encoding gene OpWRKY2 is closely correlated with camptothecin accumulation.Overexpression of OpWRKY2 led to a more than three-fold increase in camptothecin levels.Accordingly,silencing of OpWRKY2 correlated with decreased camptothecin levels in the plant.Further detailed molecular characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift,yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that OpWRKY2 directly binds and activates the central camptothecin pathway gene OpTDC.Taken together,the results of this study demonstrate that OpWRKY2 acts as a direct positive regulator of camptothecin biosynthesis.As such,a feasible strategy for the over-accumulation of camptothecin in a biotechnologically amenable system is presented.
基金the National Key R&G Program of China(2018YFC1706200)the National Natural Science Fund(81522049,31571735,31270007)+4 种基金the“Dawn”Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(16SG38)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Project(17JC1404300,15430502700)the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(2018R52050)the Zhejiang Natural Science Fund(LY20H280008)the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health talents,PreResearch Projects of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2018ZG30).
文摘Water-soluble phenolic acids are major bioactive compounds in the medicinal plant species Salvia miltiorrhiza.Phenolic acid biosynthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate(MeJA)in this important Chinese herb.Here,we investigated the mechanism underlying this induction by analyzing a transcriptome library of S.miltiorrhiza in response to MeJA.Global transcriptome analysis identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor-encoding gene SmMYB1.Overexpressing SmMYB1 significantly promoted phenolic acid accumulation and upregulated the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway,including cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase(CYP98A14).Dual-luciferase(dual-LUC)assays and/or an electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSAs)indicated that SmMYB1 activated the expression of CYP98A14,as well as the expression of genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway enzymes,including chalcone isomerase(CHI)and anthocyanidin synthase(ANS).In addition,SmMYB1 was shown to interact with SmMYC2 to additively promote CYP98A14 expression compared to the action of SmMYB1 alone.Taken together,these results demonstrate that SmMYB1 is an activator that improves the accumulation of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in S.miltiorrhiza.These findings lay the foundation for in-depth studies of the molecular mechanism underlying MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis and for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S.miltiorrhiza.
基金This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation[2018R52050]the National Natural Science Fund of China[Grant numbers:82073963,81522049,81703636,31571735,31270007]+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents,the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(2021JKZDZC06)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Preponderant and Characteristic Subject of Key University(Traditional Chinese Pharmacology),Zhejiang Chinese Medical University[ZYAOXZD2019006]。
文摘Polyphenols are the main active components of the anti-inflammatory compounds in dandelion,and chlorogenic acid(CGA)is one of the primary polyphenols.However,the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of CGA biosynthesis remains unclear.Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT2)is the last rate-limiting enzyme in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in Taraxacum antungense.Therefore,using the TaHQT2 gene promoter as a probe,a yeast one-hybrid library was performed,and a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor,TabHLH1,was identified that shared substantial homology with Gynura bicolor DC bHLH1.The TabHLH1 transcript was highly induced by salt stress,and the TabHLH1 protein was localized in the nucleus.CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-overexpression transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while CGA and luteolin concentrations in TabHLH1-RNA interference(RNAi)transgenic lines were significantly lower.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that overexpression and RNAi of TabHLH1 in T.antungense significantly affected CGA and luteolin concentrations by upregulating or downregulating CGA and luteolin biosynthesis pathway genes,especially TaHQT2,4-coumarate-CoA ligase(Ta4CL),chalcone isomerase(TaCHI),and flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase(TaF3′H).Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that TabHLH1 directly bound to the bHLH-binding motifs of proTaHQT2 and proTa4CL.This study suggests that TabHLH1 participates in the regulatory network of CGA and luteolin biosynthesis in T.antungense and might be useful for metabolic engineering to promote plant polyphenol biosynthesis.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3503900)National Natural Science Fund of China(82073963+5 种基金82204554)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23H280010)National Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology InnovationNational Young Qihuang Scholars Training ProgramZhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High Level Innovative Health TalentsThe Science Research Fund of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province(2023ZR089)。
文摘The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants,for example,terpenoids,alkaloids,and phenolic acids.However,in most cases,the availability of these valuable compounds is limited by cellular or organelle barriers or spatio-temporal accumulation patterns within different plant tissues.Transcription factors(TFs)regulate biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites by tightly controlling the expression of biosynthetic genes.Cutting-edge technologies and/or combining multiple strategies and approaches have been applied to elucidate the role of TFs.In this review,we focus on recent progress in the transcription regulation mechanism of representative high-value products and describe the transcriptional regulatory network,and future perspectives are discussed,which will help develop high-yield plant resources.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Breeding New Varieties of Agriculture in Zhejiang Province (2021C02074)National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003889, 31571735, 82073963, 81522049)+5 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1706203)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ21H280004, LY20H280008)Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation (2018R52050)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health TalentsResearch Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (2021JKZDZC06)Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021E10013)。
文摘Camptothecin(CPT) is an anticancer pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid widely used to treat cancer patients worldwide. However, the biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulation of camptothecin are largely unknown. Ophiorrhiza pumila, the herbaceous plant from the Rubiaceae family, has emerged as a model plant for studying camptothecin biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, a high-quality reference genome of O. pumila with estimated size of ~456.90Mb was reported, and the accumulation level of camptothecin in roots was higher than that in stems and leaves. Based on its spatial distribution in the plant, we examined gene functions and expression by combining genomics with transcriptomic analysis.Two loganic acid O-methyltransferase(OpLAMTs)were identified in strictosidine-producing plant O.pumila, and enzyme catalysis assays showed that OpLAMT1 and not OpLAMT2 could convert loganic acid into loganin. Further knock-out of OpL AMT1expression led to the elimination of loganin and camptothecin accumulation in O. pumila hairy roots.Four key residues were identified in OpLAMT1 protein crucial for the catalytic activity of loganic acid to loganin. By co-expression network, we identified a NAC transcription factor, OpNAC1, as a candidate gene for regulating camptothecin biosynthesis.Transgenic hairy roots and biochemical assays demonstrated that OpNAC1 suppressed OpLAMT1 expression. Here, we reported on two camptothecin metabolic engineering strategies paving the road for industrial-scale production of camptothecin in CPT-producing plants.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Fund of China(81522049,31571735,31270007,30900110)the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission(16SG38),Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Project(17JC1404300,15430502700),Zhejiang Provincial Wanren Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation(2018R52050)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health talents(2018-62-3)New Century Talent Project(NECT-13-0902)Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Preponderant and Characteristic Subject of Key University(Traditional Chinese Pharmacology),Zhejiang Chinese Medical University(ZYAOX2018019).
文摘MYB transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and metabolism.The phytohormone methyl jasmonate(MeJA)promotes phenolic acid accumulation in the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza,but the regulatory mechanism is poorly understood.Here,we identified the MeJA-responsive R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene 5mMYB2 from a transcriptome library produced from MeJAtreated S.mi'/horr/ifza hairy roots.Sm/VIYB2 expression was tightly correlated with the expression of key salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes including CYP^8Ai^.5mMYB2 was highly expressed in the periderm of S.miltiorrhiza and SmMYB2 localized to the nucleus.Overexpressing Sml\AYB2 in S.miltiorrhiza hairy roots significantly increased the levels of salvianolic acids(including rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B)by upregulating salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes such as CYP98A14.SmMYB2 binds to the MYB-binding motifs in the promoter of CYP98A14,as confirmed by a dual-luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.Anthocyanin contents were significantly higher in Sm/ViyB2-overexpressing hairy root lines than the control,primarily due to the increased expression of CHI,DFR,and ANS.These findings reveal the novel regulatory role of SmMYB2 in MeJA-mediated phenolic acid biosynthesis,providing a useful target gene for metabolic engineering and shedding light on the salvianolic acid regulatory network.
文摘Background:The dry bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.is a traditional Chinese medicine,and is the leading product of the geo-authentic crude drugs‘Zhebawei’in Zhejiang Province.Fritillaria thunbergii requires more potassium(K)than nitrogen and phosphorus,while the response of F.thunbergii to K has rarely been studied.Objective and Methods:To evaluate the K nutritional status of F.thunbergii,a 2-year field experiment was conducted under six K application rates(0,40,80,120,160,and 200 kg K_(2)O ha−1)with two F.thunbergii cultivars(ZB1,narrow-leaf;ZB2,broad-leaf).Results:The bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii(BFT)yield increased to a plateau with more than~120 kg K_(2)O ha-1.The BFT quality met the standard of Pharmacopoeia of P.R.China with more than 40.0 kg K_(2)O ha^(-1).Leaf K concentration was significantly correlated with BFT yield,and was more sensitive to K application rate as compared to those of stems and flowers.Potassium application extended the duration of rapid leaf-biomass accumulation and increased the accumulation rate.Two cultivars had similar response patterns to K application,but ZB2 had higher K partial productivity,leaf-biomass,and leaf K concentration than ZB1.Conclusion:108.4-128.0 kg K_(2)O ha^(-1) was the optimal K application range for BFT yield.The potassium nutrition index(KNI)model established based on leaf K concentration has biological significance and can be used for dynamic diagnosis of K nutritional status of F.thunbergii with both accuracy and simplicity.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1706200)National Natural Science Fund of China(81522049,31571735,82003888)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousands Program for Leading Talents of Science and Technology In-novation(2018R520)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-level Innovative Health talents.
文摘Background:Anisodus acutangulus(Solanaceae),an important folk medicinal herb in China,produces up to 1.2%alkaloids more than that in other Solanaceae plants such as Hyoscyamus niger,while its evolutionary position in Hyoscyameae is not very clear.Objective:To explain the evolutionary position of A.acutangulus in the Solanaceae via complete chloroplast genome(cp)sequence.Methods:Complete chloroplast genome of A.acutangulus was obtained and characterized using the Illumina PE150 pair-end sequencing data.Structure of the genome,codon usage,nucleotide variability(Pi)value,distribution of repeats and SSRs between A.acutangulus and other seven Solanaceae species were analyzed.Previously published 22 Solanaceae cp genomes were used to construct phylogenetic tree.Results:The complete cp genome of A.acutangulus is 156082 bp in length,showed the typical quadripartite structure.The complete cp genome of A.acutangulus was highly conserved.A total of 112 unique genes were found in cp genome of A.acutangulus,among which 17 were duplicated.Further,we found eight hotspot regions for genome divergence could be explored as new DNA barcodes for the identification of the Solanaceae species.Phylogenetic analysis showed that A.acutangulus formed a clade with H.niger.Conclusion:A.acutangulus belongs to Hyoscyameae subfamily and the complete cp genome provides valuable information for phylogenetic reconstruction or comparative genomics of A.acutangulus.
基金supported by the National"Ten-Thousand Talents Program"for Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation in China,the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1706203)the National Young Qihuang Scholars Training Program,the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003888,82073963,81522049,82003889)+3 种基金a Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties (2021C02074-3)the"Sannongjiufang"Research Joint Project of Zhejiang Province (2023SNJF029)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY20H280008)Research Projects of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (2021JKZKTS011A,2021JKZDZC06,2020010,and YB20023).
文摘Tropane alkaloids(TAs),which are anticholinergic agents,are an essential class of natural compounds,and there is a growing demand for TAs with anesthetic,analgesic,and spasmolytic effects.Anisodus acutan-gulus(Solanaceae)is a TA-producing plant that was used as an anesthetic in ancient China.In this study,we assembled a high-quality,chromosome-scale genome of A.acutangulus with a contig N50 of 7.4 Mb.A recent whole-genome duplication occurred in A.acutangulus after its divergence from other Solanaceae species,which resulted in the duplication of ADC1 and UGT genes involved in TA biosynthesis.The catalytic activities of H6H enzymes were determined for three Solanaceae plants.On the basis of evolution and co-expressed genes,AaWRKY11 was selected for further analyses,which revealed that its encoded tran-scription factor promotes TA biosynthesis by activating AaH6H1 expression.Thesefindings provide useful insights into genome evolution related to TA biosynthesis and have potential implications for genetic manipulation of TA-producing plants.
