An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical can...An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models.However,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized.In the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological studies.Finally,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed.This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.展开更多
The advent of the big data era creates both opportunities and challenges for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This study describes the origin, concept, connotation, and value of studies regarding the scientific c...The advent of the big data era creates both opportunities and challenges for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This study describes the origin, concept, connotation, and value of studies regarding the scientific computation of TCM. It also discusses the integration of science, technology, and medicine under the guidance of the paradigm of real-world, clinical scientific research. TCM clinical diagnosis, treatment, and knowledge were traditionally limited to literature and sensation levels; however, primary methods are used to convert them into statistics, such as the methods of feature subset optimizing, multi-label learning, and complex networks based on complexity, intelligence, data, and computing sciences. Furthermore, these methods are applied in the modeling and analysis of the various complex relationships in individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment, as well as in decision-making related to such diagnosis and treatment. Thus, these methods strongly support the real-world clinical research paradigm of TCM.展开更多
Traditional Chinese patent medicines are widely used to treat stroke because it has good efficacy in the clinical environment. However, because of the lack of knowledge on traditional Chinese patent medicines, many We...Traditional Chinese patent medicines are widely used to treat stroke because it has good efficacy in the clinical environment. However, because of the lack of knowledge on traditional Chinese patent medicines, many Western physicians, who are accountable for the majority of clinical prescriptions for such medicine, are confused with the use of traditional Chinese patent medicines. Therefore, the aid-decision method is critical and necessary to help Western physicians rationally use traditional Chinese patent medicines. In this paper, Manifold Ranking is employed to develop the aid-decision model of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment. First, 115 stroke patients from three hospitals are recruited in the cross-sectional survey. Simultaneously, traditional Chinese physicians determine the traditional Chinese patent medicines appropriate for each patient. Second, particular indicators are explored to characterize the population feature of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment. Moreover, these particular indicators can be easily obtained by Western physicians and are feasible for widespread clinical application in the future. Third, the aid-decision model of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment is constructed based on Manifold Ranking. Experimental results reveal that traditional Chinese patent medicines can be differentiated. Moreover, the proposed model can obtain high accuracy of aid decision.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Project Nn10 of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.Nn102017-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972706,81872149,82173235,82072904,82103325)+3 种基金Outstanding Youth Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Heilongjiang,China(No.YQ2019H027)Distinguished Young Scholars of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JCQN2018-03)Yong Elite Training Foundation Grant of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JY2016-02)Haiyan Fund Project of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital,Heilongjiang,China(No.JJMS 2022-17).
文摘An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors,facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice.They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models.However,the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized.In the review,we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms,including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis,and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)for drug screening and immunological studies.Finally,the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed.This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.
文摘The advent of the big data era creates both opportunities and challenges for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. This study describes the origin, concept, connotation, and value of studies regarding the scientific computation of TCM. It also discusses the integration of science, technology, and medicine under the guidance of the paradigm of real-world, clinical scientific research. TCM clinical diagnosis, treatment, and knowledge were traditionally limited to literature and sensation levels; however, primary methods are used to convert them into statistics, such as the methods of feature subset optimizing, multi-label learning, and complex networks based on complexity, intelligence, data, and computing sciences. Furthermore, these methods are applied in the modeling and analysis of the various complex relationships in individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment, as well as in decision-making related to such diagnosis and treatment. Thus, these methods strongly support the real-world clinical research paradigm of TCM.
文摘Traditional Chinese patent medicines are widely used to treat stroke because it has good efficacy in the clinical environment. However, because of the lack of knowledge on traditional Chinese patent medicines, many Western physicians, who are accountable for the majority of clinical prescriptions for such medicine, are confused with the use of traditional Chinese patent medicines. Therefore, the aid-decision method is critical and necessary to help Western physicians rationally use traditional Chinese patent medicines. In this paper, Manifold Ranking is employed to develop the aid-decision model of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment. First, 115 stroke patients from three hospitals are recruited in the cross-sectional survey. Simultaneously, traditional Chinese physicians determine the traditional Chinese patent medicines appropriate for each patient. Second, particular indicators are explored to characterize the population feature of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment. Moreover, these particular indicators can be easily obtained by Western physicians and are feasible for widespread clinical application in the future. Third, the aid-decision model of traditional Chinese patent medicines for stroke treatment is constructed based on Manifold Ranking. Experimental results reveal that traditional Chinese patent medicines can be differentiated. Moreover, the proposed model can obtain high accuracy of aid decision.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81674101 and 81202858）, National Key Technology Support Program （No. 2012BAI25B02）, Self-selected subject of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences （Nos. ZZ05003, ZZ03090, and Z0217）, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science Network Technology （No. XDXX1306）, and Autonomous Grant from Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences （No. Z254）.
