The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on20...The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on2022 July 27.In this paper,we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument.Using stateof-the-art Micro-Pore Optics(MPO),a wide field of view of 346 square degrees(18.6°×18.6°)of the X-ray imager is realized.An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons,and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)sensors,each of size 6 cm×6 cm,are used as the focal plane detectors.The instrument has an angular resolution of 4’-8’(in terms of FWHM)for the central focal spot of the point-spread function,and an effective area of 2-3 cm^(2) at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view.The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is2-3×10^(-11) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2)(about 1 milliCrab)with a 1000 s observation.The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W.The satellite,with a design lifetime of 2 yr,operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes.LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation,and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters.In addition,LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band,albeit with limited useful observing time available.展开更多
A nanofabricated superconducting quantum interference device(nano-SQUID)is a direct and sensitive flux probe used for magnetic imaging of quantum materials and mesoscopic devices.Due to the functionalities of supercon...A nanofabricated superconducting quantum interference device(nano-SQUID)is a direct and sensitive flux probe used for magnetic imaging of quantum materials and mesoscopic devices.Due to the functionalities of superconductive integrated circuits,nano-SQUIDs fabricated on chips are particularly versatile,but their spatial resolution has been limited by their planar geometries.Here,we use femtosecond laser 3-dimensional(3D)lithography to print a needle onto a nano-SQUID susceptometer to overcome the limits of the planar structure.The nanoneedle coated with a superconducting shell focused the flux from both the field coil and the sample.We performed scanning imaging with such a needle-on-SQUID(NoS)device on superconducting test patterns with topographic feedback.The NoS showed improved spatial resolution in both magnetometry and susceptometry relative to the planarized counterpart.This work serves as a proof-of-principle for integration and inductive coupling between superconducting 3D nanostructures and on-chip Josephson nanodevices.展开更多
基金supported by the Einstein Probe project,a mission in the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of CAS(grant Nos.XDA15310000,XDA15052100)in part been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program under the AHEAD2020 project(grant No.871158).
文摘The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on2022 July 27.In this paper,we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument.Using stateof-the-art Micro-Pore Optics(MPO),a wide field of view of 346 square degrees(18.6°×18.6°)of the X-ray imager is realized.An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons,and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)sensors,each of size 6 cm×6 cm,are used as the focal plane detectors.The instrument has an angular resolution of 4’-8’(in terms of FWHM)for the central focal spot of the point-spread function,and an effective area of 2-3 cm^(2) at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view.The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is2-3×10^(-11) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2)(about 1 milliCrab)with a 1000 s observation.The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W.The satellite,with a design lifetime of 2 yr,operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes.LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation,and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters.In addition,LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band,albeit with limited useful observing time available.
基金We would like to acknowledge support by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1400100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11827805 and 12150003)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01).All of the authors are grateful for the experimental assistance of Y.P.Pan,Y.Feng,X.D.Zhou,and W.X.Tang.
文摘A nanofabricated superconducting quantum interference device(nano-SQUID)is a direct and sensitive flux probe used for magnetic imaging of quantum materials and mesoscopic devices.Due to the functionalities of superconductive integrated circuits,nano-SQUIDs fabricated on chips are particularly versatile,but their spatial resolution has been limited by their planar geometries.Here,we use femtosecond laser 3-dimensional(3D)lithography to print a needle onto a nano-SQUID susceptometer to overcome the limits of the planar structure.The nanoneedle coated with a superconducting shell focused the flux from both the field coil and the sample.We performed scanning imaging with such a needle-on-SQUID(NoS)device on superconducting test patterns with topographic feedback.The NoS showed improved spatial resolution in both magnetometry and susceptometry relative to the planarized counterpart.This work serves as a proof-of-principle for integration and inductive coupling between superconducting 3D nanostructures and on-chip Josephson nanodevices.
