【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河...【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州和山东无棣、长江流域棉区的江苏大丰、北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ、南疆棉区的轮台和沙雅共9个地点开展田间试验,设50%(质量分数,下同)噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和40%乙烯利水剂3个混用处理,每公顷用量分别为450 g+1725 m L(T1)、600 g+3000 m L(T2)、600 g+4500 m L(T3),噻苯隆和乙烯利有效成分配比分别为1∶3、1∶4和1∶6,以喷施清水为对照。【结果】在江苏大丰,药后16 d各处理脱叶率与对照无显著差异。在其他8个试验点,大多数处理药后14 d的脱叶率显著高于对照,且自然脱叶率越低提高幅度越大;但噻苯隆和乙烯利不同用量及配比之间的脱叶率差异不一致,且大部分情况下差异不大。部分地点某些处理药后14~16 d的脱叶率可达到90%。不论药前吐絮率低或高,药剂处理14~16 d后,与清水对照相比吐絮率未表现出明显的增加;然而,药前吐絮率较低的试验点药后吐絮率增幅大,反之,吐絮率增幅小。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用对大部分试验点的产量和纤维品质无显著影响。【结论】药后14 d左右,噻苯隆和乙烯利混用的脱叶效果比较明显,不同剂量和配比之间无一致性和大的差异;催熟效果相对较差,对棉花产量和纤维品质影响不大。综合考虑脱叶催熟效果的稳定性和药剂成本,初步建议各棉区每公顷应用600 g的50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和3000 m L的40%乙烯利水剂进行脱叶催熟。展开更多
在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果...在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果表明:在产量及其构成因素方面,P22的单铃重和籽棉产量比P17分别高14.4%和8.8%,但单株铃数、总铃数、皮棉产量和衣分平均低7.4%~15.9%;随滴水量的降低,P17的单株铃数、总铃数、籽棉及皮棉产量均呈显著下降趋势,但P22在W3和W2条件下产量及其构成因素无显著差异。棉纤维品质方面,P22的纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度、伸长率比P17高2.13%~13.87%,马克隆值低5.79%;W2和W3条件下棉花各纤维指标无显著差异,但显著优于W1处理。脱叶吐絮性状方面,P17具有较高的脱叶率、脱叶速率、叶片干枯率和倒伏率,P22的吐絮率、吐絮速率以及自然吐絮率保持较高水平;随滴水量的降低,棉花的脱叶率和脱叶速率呈降低趋势,吐絮率和吐絮速率呈增加趋势,P22的倒伏率呈降低趋势,而P17呈先降低后增加趋势,但在W3和W2条件下,棉花的脱叶吐絮效果差异不显著。因此,在等行距密植条件下,控制滴水3900~4800 m 3·hm-2并选用抗旱性较强的棉花品种,可在不显著降低产量和纤维品质的前提下,优化吐絮效果、降低倒伏率,有利于提高棉花机械采收质量。展开更多
Background:Cotton production in China is challenged by high labor input including manual topping(MT).Recently,to replace MT in the Xinjiang cotton region of China,mepiquat chloride(MC)was applied once more than the tr...Background:Cotton production in China is challenged by high labor input including manual topping(MT).Recently,to replace MT in the Xinjiang cotton region of China,mepiquat chloride(MC)was applied once more than the traditional multiple-application;this was designated as chemical topping(CT),but it is unclear whether the amount of irrigation needs to be adjusted to accommodate CT.Results:The main plots were assigned to three drip irrigation amounts[300(I_(1))480(I_(2)), and 660(I_(3))mm],and the subplots were assigned to the CT treatments[450(MC)750(MC_(2)),and 1050(MC_(3))mL·hm^(-2)25%MC]with MT as a control that was performed after early bloom.The optimum drip irrigation amount for CT was explored based on leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,biomass accumulation,and yield.There were significant influe nces of drip irrigation,topping treatme nts and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,gas exchange parameters and biomass accumulation characteristics as well as yield.The combination of I_(2) and MC_(2)(I_(2)MC_(2))performed best.Compared with I_(2)MC_(2)the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatai conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of I_(2)MC_(2)significantly increased by 4.0%~7.2%,6.8%〜17.1%,5.2%~17.6%,and 4.8%~9.6%,respectively,from the peak flowering to boll opening stages.Moreover,I_(2)MC_(2) showed fast reproductive organ biomass accumulation and the highest seed cotton yield;the latter was 6.6%~12.8%higher than that of I_(2)MT.Further analysis revealed that a 25%MC emulsion in water(MCEW)application resulted in yield improvement by increasing Pn,φPSⅡ,and qP to promote biomass accumulation and transport to reproductive organs.Conclusion:The results showed that the 480 mm drip irrigation combined with 750 mL·hm^(-2)MC increased the rate of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs by increasing Pn,φPSⅡ and qP to improve photosynthetic performance,thus achieving higher yield.展开更多
文摘【目的】棉花脱叶催熟是实现机械采收的前提。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用是我国目前主要的脱叶催熟方式。鉴于不同棉区的环境条件和种植模式差异较大,研究了不同棉区噻苯隆和乙烯利的适宜用量及配比。【方法】于2018年在黄河流域棉区的河北河间、河北邯郸、山东德州和山东无棣、长江流域棉区的江苏大丰、北疆棉区的石河子Ⅰ和Ⅱ、南疆棉区的轮台和沙雅共9个地点开展田间试验,设50%(质量分数,下同)噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和40%乙烯利水剂3个混用处理,每公顷用量分别为450 g+1725 m L(T1)、600 g+3000 m L(T2)、600 g+4500 m L(T3),噻苯隆和乙烯利有效成分配比分别为1∶3、1∶4和1∶6,以喷施清水为对照。【结果】在江苏大丰,药后16 d各处理脱叶率与对照无显著差异。在其他8个试验点,大多数处理药后14 d的脱叶率显著高于对照,且自然脱叶率越低提高幅度越大;但噻苯隆和乙烯利不同用量及配比之间的脱叶率差异不一致,且大部分情况下差异不大。部分地点某些处理药后14~16 d的脱叶率可达到90%。不论药前吐絮率低或高,药剂处理14~16 d后,与清水对照相比吐絮率未表现出明显的增加;然而,药前吐絮率较低的试验点药后吐絮率增幅大,反之,吐絮率增幅小。噻苯隆和乙烯利混用对大部分试验点的产量和纤维品质无显著影响。【结论】药后14 d左右,噻苯隆和乙烯利混用的脱叶效果比较明显,不同剂量和配比之间无一致性和大的差异;催熟效果相对较差,对棉花产量和纤维品质影响不大。综合考虑脱叶催熟效果的稳定性和药剂成本,初步建议各棉区每公顷应用600 g的50%噻苯隆可湿性粉剂和3000 m L的40%乙烯利水剂进行脱叶催熟。
文摘在北疆自然条件下,以抗旱性较弱的品种新陆早17号(P17)和抗旱性较强的品种新陆早22号(P22)为试材,采用等行距密植模式,设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理,分析不同水分处理对棉花产量、纤维品质以及脱叶吐絮的影响。结果表明:在产量及其构成因素方面,P22的单铃重和籽棉产量比P17分别高14.4%和8.8%,但单株铃数、总铃数、皮棉产量和衣分平均低7.4%~15.9%;随滴水量的降低,P17的单株铃数、总铃数、籽棉及皮棉产量均呈显著下降趋势,但P22在W3和W2条件下产量及其构成因素无显著差异。棉纤维品质方面,P22的纤维长度、整齐度、断裂比强度、伸长率比P17高2.13%~13.87%,马克隆值低5.79%;W2和W3条件下棉花各纤维指标无显著差异,但显著优于W1处理。脱叶吐絮性状方面,P17具有较高的脱叶率、脱叶速率、叶片干枯率和倒伏率,P22的吐絮率、吐絮速率以及自然吐絮率保持较高水平;随滴水量的降低,棉花的脱叶率和脱叶速率呈降低趋势,吐絮率和吐絮速率呈增加趋势,P22的倒伏率呈降低趋势,而P17呈先降低后增加趋势,但在W3和W2条件下,棉花的脱叶吐絮效果差异不显著。因此,在等行距密植条件下,控制滴水3900~4800 m 3·hm-2并选用抗旱性较强的棉花品种,可在不显著降低产量和纤维品质的前提下,优化吐絮效果、降低倒伏率,有利于提高棉花机械采收质量。
基金financially supported by the Research Fund for the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760369)Xinjiang Corps Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program (2020CB014)Major projects of the eighth Division (2020ZD01)
文摘Background:Cotton production in China is challenged by high labor input including manual topping(MT).Recently,to replace MT in the Xinjiang cotton region of China,mepiquat chloride(MC)was applied once more than the traditional multiple-application;this was designated as chemical topping(CT),but it is unclear whether the amount of irrigation needs to be adjusted to accommodate CT.Results:The main plots were assigned to three drip irrigation amounts[300(I_(1))480(I_(2)), and 660(I_(3))mm],and the subplots were assigned to the CT treatments[450(MC)750(MC_(2)),and 1050(MC_(3))mL·hm^(-2)25%MC]with MT as a control that was performed after early bloom.The optimum drip irrigation amount for CT was explored based on leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,biomass accumulation,and yield.There were significant influe nces of drip irrigation,topping treatme nts and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,gas exchange parameters and biomass accumulation characteristics as well as yield.The combination of I_(2) and MC_(2)(I_(2)MC_(2))performed best.Compared with I_(2)MC_(2)the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatai conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of I_(2)MC_(2)significantly increased by 4.0%~7.2%,6.8%〜17.1%,5.2%~17.6%,and 4.8%~9.6%,respectively,from the peak flowering to boll opening stages.Moreover,I_(2)MC_(2) showed fast reproductive organ biomass accumulation and the highest seed cotton yield;the latter was 6.6%~12.8%higher than that of I_(2)MT.Further analysis revealed that a 25%MC emulsion in water(MCEW)application resulted in yield improvement by increasing Pn,φPSⅡ,and qP to promote biomass accumulation and transport to reproductive organs.Conclusion:The results showed that the 480 mm drip irrigation combined with 750 mL·hm^(-2)MC increased the rate of dry matter accumulation in reproductive organs by increasing Pn,φPSⅡ and qP to improve photosynthetic performance,thus achieving higher yield.
