目的探讨主动监测培养与模拟训练防控干预对高风险患者多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDRO)感染防控效果,为降低MDRO医院感染和制定科学有效的MDRO预防和控制策略提供依据。方法选择2017年2-12月入住重症监护病房(intensive...目的探讨主动监测培养与模拟训练防控干预对高风险患者多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDRO)感染防控效果,为降低MDRO医院感染和制定科学有效的MDRO预防和控制策略提供依据。方法选择2017年2-12月入住重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)的患者222例为试验组,在模拟防控训练的基础上联合多重耐药目标菌主动监测培养;另选择2016年2-12月未实施强制干预措施的患者210例为对照组。比较2组MDRO构成比、MDRO感染率、MDRO定植率及接触隔离依从性。结果2组医院感染率、MDRO医院感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组医务人员实施的MDRO隔离措施中,隔离医嘱、床旁隔离、穿隔离衣、贴隔离标识、床旁放置快速手消与科室间告知依从性均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组主动筛查产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的肺炎克雷伯菌和多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌,定植率分别为10.10%、5.72%和16.83%。2组抗菌药物使用率均>90%,抗菌药物使用前送检率均<30%。结论ICU多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌定植情况较严重,定植者较易获得医院内感染,实施主动监测培养与模拟防控训练干预可有效预防和控制多重耐药菌在医院内传播。展开更多
The effects of laser polarization on super-hot electron (> 100 keV) generation have been studied in the interaction of femtosecond laser light (800 nm, 150 fs, 6 × 10^(15) W·cm^(-2)) with a pre-formed pla...The effects of laser polarization on super-hot electron (> 100 keV) generation have been studied in the interaction of femtosecond laser light (800 nm, 150 fs, 6 × 10^(15) W·cm^(-2)) with a pre-formed plasma from a slab Cu target. For p-polarized laser pulses, high-energy γ-rays of the energy ~400keV were detected. The electron temperatures deduced from the γ-ray spectra were 66 and 52keV, respectively, in normal and reflective directions of the solid target, and hot electrons were emitted out of the plasma mainly in the normal direction. In contrast, there were nearly no γ-rays >100keV found for s-polarized laser pulses. The hot electron temperature was 26keV and the emission of hot electrons was parallel to the laser field. The superposition of resonant field with electrostatic field excited by escaping electrons may contribute to the high-energy γ-ray or super-hot electron (> 100 keV) generation.展开更多
Loss of light yield of doped lead tungstate crystals after irradiation with a low dose rate has been observed.The La,Pr,and Y doping may improve radiation hardness,whereas Bi or Mo doping is harmful.
The γ-rays with energies up to 300keV have been observed from plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses at a focused intensity of 5 × 10^(15) W.cm^(-2).μm^(2) irradiating Ta,Mo,and Cu targets.By introducing ...The γ-rays with energies up to 300keV have been observed from plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses at a focused intensity of 5 × 10^(15) W.cm^(-2).μm^(2) irradiating Ta,Mo,and Cu targets.By introducing an 8% prepulse of 70ps before the main pulse,the fraction of high energy γ-ray photons(hv>l00keV)was significantly enhanced relative to low energy photons(hv<100 keV).展开更多
The radiation effect of bismuth germanate induced by 14MeV neutrons has been studied by using techniques of nuclear radiation detection.Substantial changes,pulse height as well as in energy resolution of the 137Cs pho...The radiation effect of bismuth germanate induced by 14MeV neutrons has been studied by using techniques of nuclear radiation detection.Substantial changes,pulse height as well as in energy resolution of the 137Cs photopeak followed by spontaneous recovery were observed and measured after irradiation.The radioactivities observed along with the above radiation damage have been carefully analyzed and identified with these from neutron activation.展开更多
文摘目的探讨主动监测培养与模拟训练防控干预对高风险患者多重耐药菌(multidrug-resistant organisms,MDRO)感染防控效果,为降低MDRO医院感染和制定科学有效的MDRO预防和控制策略提供依据。方法选择2017年2-12月入住重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)的患者222例为试验组,在模拟防控训练的基础上联合多重耐药目标菌主动监测培养;另选择2016年2-12月未实施强制干预措施的患者210例为对照组。比较2组MDRO构成比、MDRO感染率、MDRO定植率及接触隔离依从性。结果2组医院感染率、MDRO医院感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组医务人员实施的MDRO隔离措施中,隔离医嘱、床旁隔离、穿隔离衣、贴隔离标识、床旁放置快速手消与科室间告知依从性均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组主动筛查产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的肺炎克雷伯菌和多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌,定植率分别为10.10%、5.72%和16.83%。2组抗菌药物使用率均>90%,抗菌药物使用前送检率均<30%。结论ICU多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌定植情况较严重,定植者较易获得医院内感染,实施主动监测培养与模拟防控训练干预可有效预防和控制多重耐药菌在医院内传播。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.19854001,10005014 and 19825110the National Hi-Tech ICF Programme。
文摘The effects of laser polarization on super-hot electron (> 100 keV) generation have been studied in the interaction of femtosecond laser light (800 nm, 150 fs, 6 × 10^(15) W·cm^(-2)) with a pre-formed plasma from a slab Cu target. For p-polarized laser pulses, high-energy γ-rays of the energy ~400keV were detected. The electron temperatures deduced from the γ-ray spectra were 66 and 52keV, respectively, in normal and reflective directions of the solid target, and hot electrons were emitted out of the plasma mainly in the normal direction. In contrast, there were nearly no γ-rays >100keV found for s-polarized laser pulses. The hot electron temperature was 26keV and the emission of hot electrons was parallel to the laser field. The superposition of resonant field with electrostatic field excited by escaping electrons may contribute to the high-energy γ-ray or super-hot electron (> 100 keV) generation.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.006.
文摘Loss of light yield of doped lead tungstate crystals after irradiation with a low dose rate has been observed.The La,Pr,and Y doping may improve radiation hardness,whereas Bi or Mo doping is harmful.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19854001the National High Technology ICF Committee under Grant No.416-3.
文摘The γ-rays with energies up to 300keV have been observed from plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses at a focused intensity of 5 × 10^(15) W.cm^(-2).μm^(2) irradiating Ta,Mo,and Cu targets.By introducing an 8% prepulse of 70ps before the main pulse,the fraction of high energy γ-ray photons(hv>l00keV)was significantly enhanced relative to low energy photons(hv<100 keV).
文摘The radiation effect of bismuth germanate induced by 14MeV neutrons has been studied by using techniques of nuclear radiation detection.Substantial changes,pulse height as well as in energy resolution of the 137Cs photopeak followed by spontaneous recovery were observed and measured after irradiation.The radioactivities observed along with the above radiation damage have been carefully analyzed and identified with these from neutron activation.
