Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in ter...Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and protection.Methods Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120after the first immunization.Additionally,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death status.In a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28and 42 after the first immunization.Results A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P<0.05).The groups 0-3-7-14,0-3-7-21,and 0-3-7-28 showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time point.The post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14–28 d)on the immunization potential.展开更多
Rhododendron is a well-known genus consisting of commercially valuable ornamental woody plant species.Heat stress is a major environmental factor that affects rhododendron growth.Melatonin was recently reported to all...Rhododendron is a well-known genus consisting of commercially valuable ornamental woody plant species.Heat stress is a major environmental factor that affects rhododendron growth.Melatonin was recently reported to alleviate the effects of abiotic stress on plants.However,the role of melatonin in rhododendron plants is unknown.In this study,the effect of melatonin on rhododendron plants exposed to heat stress and the potential underlying mechanism were investigated.Analyses of morphological characteristics and chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated 200μmol L–1 was the optimal melatonin concentration for protecting rhododendron plants from heat stress.To elucidate how melatonin limits the adverse effects of high temperatures,melatonin contents,photosynthetic indices,Rubisco activity,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)contents were analyzed at 25,35,and 40℃,respectively.Compared with the control,exogenous application of melatonin improved the melatonin contents,electron transport rate,photosystem II and I activities,Rubisco activity,and ATP contents under heat stress.The transcriptome analysis revealed many of the heat-induced differentially expressed genes were associated with the photosynthetic pathway;the expression of most of these genes was down-regulated by heat stress more in the melatonin-free plants than in the melatonin-treated plants.We identified Rh PGR5A,Rh ATPB,Rh LHCB3,and Rh Rbs A as key genes.Thus,we speculate that melatonin promotes photosynthetic electron transport,improves Calvin cycle enzyme activities,and increases ATP production.These changes lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and CO_(2) assimilation under heat stress conditions via the regulated expression of specific genes,including Rh Rbs A.Therefore,the application of exogenous melatonin may increase the tolerance of rhododendron to heat stress.展开更多
Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA sc...Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.展开更多
目的探讨基于心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)不同区域心肌的影像组学特征及相关临床因素在预测肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者并发室性心律失常(ventricular arrhythmias,VAs)中的价值。材料...目的探讨基于心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)不同区域心肌的影像组学特征及相关临床因素在预测肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者并发室性心律失常(ventricular arrhythmias,VAs)中的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析宁夏医科大学总医院2018年1月1日至2023年5月31日的122例确诊HCM患者的CMR图像及临床资料。根据24 h动态心电图(24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram,24 h DCG)结果将其分为合并VAs组(40例)与未合并VAs组(82例)。按照7∶3的比例将所有受试者分为训练集与测试集,训练集用于构建模型,测试集用于评估模型效能。选择从二尖瓣水平至心尖部的左心室短轴未增强亮血电影序列,以舒张末期壁厚为基础,将HCM患者心肌分为肥厚区域与非肥厚区域。在左心室短轴各层面心肌的心室舒张末期进行全室壁心肌、肥厚区域心肌及非肥厚区域心肌的感兴趣区勾画及影像组学特征提取。采用Mann-Whitney U检验、递归特征消除法及最小绝对收缩与选择算法进行影像组学特征筛选、构建影像组学模型、建立影像组学标签并计算影像组学评分;通过logistic回归分析筛选临床危险因素建立临床因素模型;并构建基于临床危险因素和影像组学特征的联合模型。采用准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及DeLong检验评估和比较模型间的预测效能;使用列线图将联合模型可视化,并通过拟合优度Hosmer-Lemeshow检验及校正曲线评估联合模型拟合程度;通过决策曲线分析观察联合模型的临床实用性。结果在训练集中,左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.89)、左心室肥厚区域联合模型(AUC值=0.98)、左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)的AUC值高于左心室非肥厚区域心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.74)、左心室肥厚区域影像组学模型(AUC值=0.85)、左心室全心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.86)(P<0.05),亦高于临床因素模型(AUC值=0.81)(P<0.05);左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.89)的AUC值小于左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)及左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)(P<0.05),左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型与左心室全心肌联合模型的AUC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在测试集中,左心室非肥厚区域心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.75)的AUC值低于左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.93)及左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.95)(P<0.05);左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.95)的AUC值高于左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.80)(P<0.05)。结论基于CMR不同区域心肌的影像组学特征及相关临床因素所构建的模型在预测HCM者合并VAs风险方面有重要价值。展开更多
文摘Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and protection.Methods Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120after the first immunization.Additionally,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death status.In a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28and 42 after the first immunization.Results A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P<0.05).The groups 0-3-7-14,0-3-7-21,and 0-3-7-28 showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time point.The post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14–28 d)on the immunization potential.
基金financially supported by the Shaoxing“Hometown of Celebrities”Talent Program,China(RC2022B05)the Talent Startup Program of Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University,China(RQ2020B15)the Scientific Research Training Program of Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University,China(JYKC2227)。
文摘Rhododendron is a well-known genus consisting of commercially valuable ornamental woody plant species.Heat stress is a major environmental factor that affects rhododendron growth.Melatonin was recently reported to alleviate the effects of abiotic stress on plants.However,the role of melatonin in rhododendron plants is unknown.In this study,the effect of melatonin on rhododendron plants exposed to heat stress and the potential underlying mechanism were investigated.Analyses of morphological characteristics and chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated 200μmol L–1 was the optimal melatonin concentration for protecting rhododendron plants from heat stress.To elucidate how melatonin limits the adverse effects of high temperatures,melatonin contents,photosynthetic indices,Rubisco activity,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)contents were analyzed at 25,35,and 40℃,respectively.Compared with the control,exogenous application of melatonin improved the melatonin contents,electron transport rate,photosystem II and I activities,Rubisco activity,and ATP contents under heat stress.The transcriptome analysis revealed many of the heat-induced differentially expressed genes were associated with the photosynthetic pathway;the expression of most of these genes was down-regulated by heat stress more in the melatonin-free plants than in the melatonin-treated plants.We identified Rh PGR5A,Rh ATPB,Rh LHCB3,and Rh Rbs A as key genes.Thus,we speculate that melatonin promotes photosynthetic electron transport,improves Calvin cycle enzyme activities,and increases ATP production.These changes lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and CO_(2) assimilation under heat stress conditions via the regulated expression of specific genes,including Rh Rbs A.Therefore,the application of exogenous melatonin may increase the tolerance of rhododendron to heat stress.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1309200).
文摘Background:The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)has been widely used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in PG-SGA scores and the 7 domain scores of the PG-SGA in male and female cancer patients.Methods:This study was conducted at 72 hospitals from July 2013 to December 2018,a part of the Investigation on Nutritional Status and its Clinical Outcomes of Common Cancers.The PG-SGA was recorded to evaluate the nutritional status of patients.A total of 19,528 patients with 13 common malignancies were included in this study.Student t test and the χ^(2) test were applied to analyze the sex diferences in the 7 domain scores.The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the expression levels of symptom-related genes.Results:There were significant sex dfferences in the PG-SGA(P=0.032),notably in patients with gastric cancer(male vs female:9.09±4.86 vs 9.58±5.07,P=0.005)and esophageal cancer(9.64±4.90 vs 10.46±4.96,P=0.011)and the average total PG-SGA of female patients was slightly higher than that of male patients(7.64±4.98 vs 7.77±5.14).The differences were mainly related to the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores in the stratified analysis.Possible causes of the sex differences were the rates of nausea,vomiting,dry mouth,and other symptoms,in both gastric and esophageal cancer patients.Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that most of the related genes were sex neutral,except for genes related to dysphagia in gastric cancer(VEGFC was higher in female patients,VEGFA and VEGFB higher in male patients).Conclusions:There are sex differences in the PG-SGA scores in patients with various tumor types(female patients generally had higher scores than male patients),with differences mainly in the weight,eating,symptom,as well as activity and physical function scores.The sex differences in PG-SGA scores might be due to the differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease,and further studies should be carried out to investigate other factors influencing the PG-SGA scores in cancer patients.This study provides basic data supporting the individualized nutritional treatment of cancer patients in clinical practice.
文摘目的探讨基于心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)不同区域心肌的影像组学特征及相关临床因素在预测肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者并发室性心律失常(ventricular arrhythmias,VAs)中的价值。材料与方法回顾性分析宁夏医科大学总医院2018年1月1日至2023年5月31日的122例确诊HCM患者的CMR图像及临床资料。根据24 h动态心电图(24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram,24 h DCG)结果将其分为合并VAs组(40例)与未合并VAs组(82例)。按照7∶3的比例将所有受试者分为训练集与测试集,训练集用于构建模型,测试集用于评估模型效能。选择从二尖瓣水平至心尖部的左心室短轴未增强亮血电影序列,以舒张末期壁厚为基础,将HCM患者心肌分为肥厚区域与非肥厚区域。在左心室短轴各层面心肌的心室舒张末期进行全室壁心肌、肥厚区域心肌及非肥厚区域心肌的感兴趣区勾画及影像组学特征提取。采用Mann-Whitney U检验、递归特征消除法及最小绝对收缩与选择算法进行影像组学特征筛选、构建影像组学模型、建立影像组学标签并计算影像组学评分;通过logistic回归分析筛选临床危险因素建立临床因素模型;并构建基于临床危险因素和影像组学特征的联合模型。采用准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及DeLong检验评估和比较模型间的预测效能;使用列线图将联合模型可视化,并通过拟合优度Hosmer-Lemeshow检验及校正曲线评估联合模型拟合程度;通过决策曲线分析观察联合模型的临床实用性。结果在训练集中,左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.89)、左心室肥厚区域联合模型(AUC值=0.98)、左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)的AUC值高于左心室非肥厚区域心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.74)、左心室肥厚区域影像组学模型(AUC值=0.85)、左心室全心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.86)(P<0.05),亦高于临床因素模型(AUC值=0.81)(P<0.05);左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.89)的AUC值小于左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)及左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.98)(P<0.05),左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型与左心室全心肌联合模型的AUC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在测试集中,左心室非肥厚区域心肌影像组学模型(AUC值=0.75)的AUC值低于左心室全心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.93)及左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.95)(P<0.05);左心室肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.95)的AUC值高于左心室非肥厚区域心肌联合模型(AUC值=0.80)(P<0.05)。结论基于CMR不同区域心肌的影像组学特征及相关临床因素所构建的模型在预测HCM者合并VAs风险方面有重要价值。
