China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitat...China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate （salt forming） have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits： the atlas （1：2500000） of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of ＂Continental Potash Deposition Theory＂; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCI production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond＂ the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake （4421 m）, Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture （Salt land agriculture） has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science ＂Salinology＂.展开更多
A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of allo...A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of alloy elements, and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and galvanostatic charge/discharge （GC） measurements. It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite. With cycling, the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%. Nevertheless, the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%. The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk tin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation, which leads to the pulverization of tin.展开更多
目的观察真实世界中血管内治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及安全性。方法收集西南地区9个卒中中心从2018年1月至2020年8月行急诊血管内治疗的后循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的基线资料及临床资料,主要观察指标为90 d改...目的观察真实世界中血管内治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及安全性。方法收集西南地区9个卒中中心从2018年1月至2020年8月行急诊血管内治疗的后循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的基线资料及临床资料,主要观察指标为90 d改良Rankin量表(modified rankin scale, mRS)评分、术后改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, mTICI)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, sICH)等,根据术后90 d mRS评分将患者分为良好预后组(mRS≤2分)及不良预后组(mRS>2分),统计分析两组患者基线资料及临床资料的差异,并进一步进行亚组分析。结果共纳入108例患者,经过术后90 d随访,良好预后(mRS评分≤2)率为43.5%(47/108),病死率为25.9%(28/108),血管再通率为95.4%(103/108),症状性颅内出血率为8.3%(9/108)。两组在术前后循环Alberta脑卒中计划早期CT评分(posterior circulation alberta stroke program early ct score, Pc-ASPECTS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institutes of health stroke scale, NIHSS)评分、格拉斯昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale, GCS)评分和基底动脉计算机扫描血管造影评分(basilar artery on computed tomography angiography score, BATMAN)以及血管再通率、症状性颅内出血率等指标上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。亚组分析结果提示:血管再通时间短的患者的良好预后率较高(P<0.05);血管再通程度好的患者病死率较低(P<0.05)。结论真实世界中后循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中血管内治疗是安全且有效的,快速开通闭塞血管有利于改善患者临床预后并降低死亡率。展开更多
Magnesium-bearing minerals discovered on the earth so far occur mainly as solid or liquid.The former include magnesite(Mg CO3),dolomite(Mg CO3·Ca CO3),carnallite(Mg Cl2·KCl·6H2O),bischofite(Mg Cl2·...Magnesium-bearing minerals discovered on the earth so far occur mainly as solid or liquid.The former include magnesite(Mg CO3),dolomite(Mg CO3·Ca CO3),carnallite(Mg Cl2·KCl·6H2O),bischofite(Mg Cl2·6H2O)and展开更多
After the middle of 1960s,along with the appearance and extensive utilization of computer featured in large capacity and rapid speed,numerical method(mainly include finite difference method and finite element
Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China and joint foundation(grants DD20160054 and 21422036)projects of China Geological Survey(grants U1407207)
文摘China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate （salt forming） have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits： the atlas （1：2500000） of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of ＂Continental Potash Deposition Theory＂; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCI production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond＂ the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake （4421 m）, Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture （Salt land agriculture） has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science ＂Salinology＂.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50771046 and 20373016) the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 05200534)the Key Projects of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City, China (Nos. 2006A10704003 and 2006Z3-D2031)
文摘A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of alloy elements, and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and galvanostatic charge/discharge （GC） measurements. It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite. With cycling, the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%. Nevertheless, the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%. The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk tin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation, which leads to the pulverization of tin.
文摘目的观察真实世界中血管内治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性脑卒中的疗效及安全性。方法收集西南地区9个卒中中心从2018年1月至2020年8月行急诊血管内治疗的后循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的基线资料及临床资料,主要观察指标为90 d改良Rankin量表(modified rankin scale, mRS)评分、术后改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, mTICI)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, sICH)等,根据术后90 d mRS评分将患者分为良好预后组(mRS≤2分)及不良预后组(mRS>2分),统计分析两组患者基线资料及临床资料的差异,并进一步进行亚组分析。结果共纳入108例患者,经过术后90 d随访,良好预后(mRS评分≤2)率为43.5%(47/108),病死率为25.9%(28/108),血管再通率为95.4%(103/108),症状性颅内出血率为8.3%(9/108)。两组在术前后循环Alberta脑卒中计划早期CT评分(posterior circulation alberta stroke program early ct score, Pc-ASPECTS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(national institutes of health stroke scale, NIHSS)评分、格拉斯昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale, GCS)评分和基底动脉计算机扫描血管造影评分(basilar artery on computed tomography angiography score, BATMAN)以及血管再通率、症状性颅内出血率等指标上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。亚组分析结果提示:血管再通时间短的患者的良好预后率较高(P<0.05);血管再通程度好的患者病死率较低(P<0.05)。结论真实世界中后循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中血管内治疗是安全且有效的,快速开通闭塞血管有利于改善患者临床预后并降低死亡率。
基金co-funded by Chinese Academy of Engineering major consultation projects "Comprehensive Utilization and Sustainable Development of Qinghai Salt Lake" and the "Strategic Research on the Sustainable Mineral Resources Development in China (Chemical and Salt Lake Projects)"
文摘Magnesium-bearing minerals discovered on the earth so far occur mainly as solid or liquid.The former include magnesite(Mg CO3),dolomite(Mg CO3·Ca CO3),carnallite(Mg Cl2·KCl·6H2O),bischofite(Mg Cl2·6H2O)and
基金sponsored by National key basic research development plan (973) theme ( No. 2011CB403003 )CUG investigation project ( No. 1212011220789 )
文摘After the middle of 1960s,along with the appearance and extensive utilization of computer featured in large capacity and rapid speed,numerical method(mainly include finite difference method and finite element
基金jointly sponsored by CUG investigation project (No. 1212011018004)
文摘Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating
