尾流间隔对跑道容量有重要影响。为了提高近距平行跑道(Closely Spaced Parallel Runways,CSPRs)容量,在充分考虑尾流间隔影响因素的基础上,利用侧风对尾流运动的影响,综合考虑尾流运动消散及航空器尾流抵抗能力,建立了CSPRs起飞尾流间...尾流间隔对跑道容量有重要影响。为了提高近距平行跑道(Closely Spaced Parallel Runways,CSPRs)容量,在充分考虑尾流间隔影响因素的基础上,利用侧风对尾流运动的影响,综合考虑尾流运动消散及航空器尾流抵抗能力,建立了CSPRs起飞尾流间隔模型。以上海虹桥机场为例,B747-400为起飞前机,B737-700为起飞后机,利用MATLAB软件模拟仿真了不同侧风条件下的尾流运动轨迹,对起飞尾流间隔进行优化计算,确定有利侧风量≥2. 5 m/s为实施优化后无尾流影响起飞间隔的临界侧风值,采用欧控(Eurocontrol,European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation)现行尾流间隔的遭遇风险与计算结果做对比,验证了其安全性能完全满足实际运行需求。展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ...This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.展开更多
文摘尾流间隔对跑道容量有重要影响。为了提高近距平行跑道(Closely Spaced Parallel Runways,CSPRs)容量,在充分考虑尾流间隔影响因素的基础上,利用侧风对尾流运动的影响,综合考虑尾流运动消散及航空器尾流抵抗能力,建立了CSPRs起飞尾流间隔模型。以上海虹桥机场为例,B747-400为起飞前机,B737-700为起飞后机,利用MATLAB软件模拟仿真了不同侧风条件下的尾流运动轨迹,对起飞尾流间隔进行优化计算,确定有利侧风量≥2. 5 m/s为实施优化后无尾流影响起飞间隔的临界侧风值,采用欧控(Eurocontrol,European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation)现行尾流间隔的遭遇风险与计算结果做对比,验证了其安全性能完全满足实际运行需求。
基金supported by the National Key Technologies during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD17B03)
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of forage fiber sources from alfalfa and Leymus chinensis with nonforage fiber sources（NFFS） from dried distillers grains with solubles and corn germ meal on calves growth, rumen development and blood parameters. 48 female and 12 male calves（（110.55±15.36） kg of body weight and 12 wk of age） were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments（15 calves/treatment） in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were： 0% NFFS（control）, 9% NFFS（group 1）, 18% NFFS（group 2）, 27% NFFS（group 3）, and contained equivalent neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, respectively. The dry matter intake was similar among diets, averaging 3.33 kg d-1, and no differences were detected for body weight, withers height, body length and heart girth. In addition, the development of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum also were similar among diets. Dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities increased with the increasing levels of NFFS in the experimental diets, but had no significant effect. Blood urea nitrogen, total protein and glubulin were not affected by the dietary treatment, but group 3 resulted in the highest（P〈0.05） concentrations of glucose and the lowest（P〈0.05） concentrations of triglycerides and albumin. In conclusion, dried distillers grains with solubles（DDGS） and corn germ meal（CGM） were available and alternative fiber sources for Holstein calf diets.
