增强陆地生态系统碳汇(简称陆地碳汇)是减缓大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))浓度上升和全球变暖的重要手段,也是实现我国“碳中和”目标的有效途径.为全面理解陆地碳汇特征及其对实现“碳中和”目标的贡献,本文系统梳理了近40年来陆地碳源汇研究...增强陆地生态系统碳汇(简称陆地碳汇)是减缓大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))浓度上升和全球变暖的重要手段,也是实现我国“碳中和”目标的有效途径.为全面理解陆地碳汇特征及其对实现“碳中和”目标的贡献,本文系统梳理了近40年来陆地碳源汇研究的主要进展,阐述了全球和我国陆地碳汇的时空格局及其驱动因素,分析了陆地碳汇对实现“碳中和”目标的作用.根据全球碳收支评估报告,过去60年全球陆地碳汇从1960年代的(-0.2±0.9)Pg C yr^(-1)(弱碳源;1 Pg=10^(15)g=10亿吨碳)增加至2010年代的(1.9±1.1)Pg C yr^(-1)(碳汇).目前,陆地碳汇主要分布在北半球中高纬度地区,而热带地区表现为微弱的碳汇或碳源.不同类型生态系统的碳汇大小存在差异:森林是陆地碳汇的主体,灌丛、湿地生态系统和农田土壤整体表现出碳汇功能,但草地的碳源汇功能尚不明确.此外,荒漠生态系统可能起着碳汇功能,但其大小和形成机制尚存在争议.大气CO_(2)浓度上升、氮沉降、气候变化和土地覆盖变化等是影响陆地碳汇强度的主要因素,火灾、气溶胶等因素也影响其大小.不同区域陆地碳汇的驱动因素存在差异:北美和欧洲陆地碳汇主要是大气CO_(2)浓度上升和气候变化等因素所致;而在中国,除了上述全球变化要素外,植树造林、生态修复也是驱动其碳汇的重要因素.综合以往研究结果评估,目前我国陆地碳汇强度为0.20~0.25 Pg C yr^(-1),预计2060年可能处于0.15~0.52 Pg C yr^(-1)之间.未来研究需通过扩大生态系统调查与监测的范围、完善陆地生物圈模型等途径提升陆地碳汇的评估精度,量化各类措施对生态系统碳汇潜力的影响,精准评估我国陆地碳汇对实现“碳中和”目标的贡献.展开更多
Forests play a leading role in regional and global carbon (C) cycles. Detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial changes in C sinks/sources of China's forests is critical to the estimation of the national C b...Forests play a leading role in regional and global carbon (C) cycles. Detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial changes in C sinks/sources of China's forests is critical to the estimation of the national C budget and can help to constitute sustainable forest management policies for climate change. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal changes in forest biomass C stocks in China between 1977 and 2008, using six periods of the national forest inventory data. According to the definition of the forest inventory, China's forest was categorized into three groups: forest stand, economic forest, and bamboo forest. We estimated forest biomass C stocks for each inventory period by using continuous biomass expansion factor (BEF) method for forest stands, and the mean biomass density method for economic and bamboo forests. As a result, China's forests have accumulated biomass C (i.e., biomass C sink) of 1896 Tg (1Tg=1012g) during the study period, with 1710, 108 and 78 Tg C in forest stands, and economic and bamboo forests, respectively. Annual forest biomass C sink was 70.2 Tg Ca-1 , offsetting 7.8% of the contemporary fossil CO2 emissions in the country. The results also showed that planted forests have functioned as a persistent C sink, sequestrating 818 Tg C and accounting for 47.8% of total C sink in forest stands, and that the old-, mid- and young-aged forests have sequestrated 930, 391 and 388 Tg C from 1977 to 2008. Our results suggest that China's forests have a big potential as biomass C sink in the future because of its large area of planted forests with young-aged growth and low C density.展开更多
文摘增强陆地生态系统碳汇(简称陆地碳汇)是减缓大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))浓度上升和全球变暖的重要手段,也是实现我国“碳中和”目标的有效途径.为全面理解陆地碳汇特征及其对实现“碳中和”目标的贡献,本文系统梳理了近40年来陆地碳源汇研究的主要进展,阐述了全球和我国陆地碳汇的时空格局及其驱动因素,分析了陆地碳汇对实现“碳中和”目标的作用.根据全球碳收支评估报告,过去60年全球陆地碳汇从1960年代的(-0.2±0.9)Pg C yr^(-1)(弱碳源;1 Pg=10^(15)g=10亿吨碳)增加至2010年代的(1.9±1.1)Pg C yr^(-1)(碳汇).目前,陆地碳汇主要分布在北半球中高纬度地区,而热带地区表现为微弱的碳汇或碳源.不同类型生态系统的碳汇大小存在差异:森林是陆地碳汇的主体,灌丛、湿地生态系统和农田土壤整体表现出碳汇功能,但草地的碳源汇功能尚不明确.此外,荒漠生态系统可能起着碳汇功能,但其大小和形成机制尚存在争议.大气CO_(2)浓度上升、氮沉降、气候变化和土地覆盖变化等是影响陆地碳汇强度的主要因素,火灾、气溶胶等因素也影响其大小.不同区域陆地碳汇的驱动因素存在差异:北美和欧洲陆地碳汇主要是大气CO_(2)浓度上升和气候变化等因素所致;而在中国,除了上述全球变化要素外,植树造林、生态修复也是驱动其碳汇的重要因素.综合以往研究结果评估,目前我国陆地碳汇强度为0.20~0.25 Pg C yr^(-1),预计2060年可能处于0.15~0.52 Pg C yr^(-1)之间.未来研究需通过扩大生态系统调查与监测的范围、完善陆地生物圈模型等途径提升陆地碳汇的评估精度,量化各类措施对生态系统碳汇潜力的影响,精准评估我国陆地碳汇对实现“碳中和”目标的贡献.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China on Global Change (2010CB950600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31021001, 30721140306)'Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues' of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050503)
文摘Forests play a leading role in regional and global carbon (C) cycles. Detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial changes in C sinks/sources of China's forests is critical to the estimation of the national C budget and can help to constitute sustainable forest management policies for climate change. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal changes in forest biomass C stocks in China between 1977 and 2008, using six periods of the national forest inventory data. According to the definition of the forest inventory, China's forest was categorized into three groups: forest stand, economic forest, and bamboo forest. We estimated forest biomass C stocks for each inventory period by using continuous biomass expansion factor (BEF) method for forest stands, and the mean biomass density method for economic and bamboo forests. As a result, China's forests have accumulated biomass C (i.e., biomass C sink) of 1896 Tg (1Tg=1012g) during the study period, with 1710, 108 and 78 Tg C in forest stands, and economic and bamboo forests, respectively. Annual forest biomass C sink was 70.2 Tg Ca-1 , offsetting 7.8% of the contemporary fossil CO2 emissions in the country. The results also showed that planted forests have functioned as a persistent C sink, sequestrating 818 Tg C and accounting for 47.8% of total C sink in forest stands, and that the old-, mid- and young-aged forests have sequestrated 930, 391 and 388 Tg C from 1977 to 2008. Our results suggest that China's forests have a big potential as biomass C sink in the future because of its large area of planted forests with young-aged growth and low C density.
