One mountain-type breakwater consisting of two inclined plates and one vertical plate is proposed based on several types of traditional free surface breakwaters, including the horizontal plate, curtain wall, and trape...One mountain-type breakwater consisting of two inclined plates and one vertical plate is proposed based on several types of traditional free surface breakwaters, including the horizontal plate, curtain wall, and trapezoidal barriers. The interaction between the regular waves and the fixed free surface mountain-type breakwater is measured in one wave flume(15.0 m×0.6 m×0.7 m). The wave propagation, reflection, and transmission process are simulated using the VOF method and the hybrid SAS/laminar method. The simulated wave profiles are consistent with the experimental observations. For waves with a length smaller than four times width of the mountain-type breakwater, the reflected wave amplitudes are slightly larger than those of the vertical-plate breakwater, while the wave transmission coefficients are all smaller than 0.5, and the wave loss coefficients are larger than 0.7. The wave energy is dissipated by wave breaking on the windward inclined plate, and turbulent flow around the vertical plate and the leeward inclined plate.展开更多
目的探讨认知行为训练对慢性腰痛(chronic back pain,CBP)患者疼痛自我效能的影响。方法选择2018年2月~2019年12月在本院就诊的94例CBP患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各47例。对照组给予推拿按摩治疗,观察组在对...目的探讨认知行为训练对慢性腰痛(chronic back pain,CBP)患者疼痛自我效能的影响。方法选择2018年2月~2019年12月在本院就诊的94例CBP患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各47例。对照组给予推拿按摩治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予认知行为训练。观察两组患者干预前后疼痛强度(VAS评分)、疼痛自我效能(PSEQ评分)、疼痛应用策略的使用频率及痛阈值。结果两组患者干预后VAS评分均较干预前显著降低(P<0.05),PSEQ均较干预前显著升高(P<0.05),积极策略使用频率均显著高于干预前(P<0.05),消极策略应用频率均显著低于干预前(P<0.05);且观察组干预后的上述指标改善效果均显著优于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者干预后的痛阈显著高于干预前,且高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论认知行为训练可提高CBP患者的疼痛自我效能,降低患者消极疼痛策略使用频率,增加其积极疼痛应对策略使用频率,提高痛阈,从而降低疼痛水平,改善疼痛控制效果。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11802348)the National Project of China (Grant Nos. 6140206040301 and 41407010501)。
文摘One mountain-type breakwater consisting of two inclined plates and one vertical plate is proposed based on several types of traditional free surface breakwaters, including the horizontal plate, curtain wall, and trapezoidal barriers. The interaction between the regular waves and the fixed free surface mountain-type breakwater is measured in one wave flume(15.0 m×0.6 m×0.7 m). The wave propagation, reflection, and transmission process are simulated using the VOF method and the hybrid SAS/laminar method. The simulated wave profiles are consistent with the experimental observations. For waves with a length smaller than four times width of the mountain-type breakwater, the reflected wave amplitudes are slightly larger than those of the vertical-plate breakwater, while the wave transmission coefficients are all smaller than 0.5, and the wave loss coefficients are larger than 0.7. The wave energy is dissipated by wave breaking on the windward inclined plate, and turbulent flow around the vertical plate and the leeward inclined plate.
文摘目的探讨认知行为训练对慢性腰痛(chronic back pain,CBP)患者疼痛自我效能的影响。方法选择2018年2月~2019年12月在本院就诊的94例CBP患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各47例。对照组给予推拿按摩治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予认知行为训练。观察两组患者干预前后疼痛强度(VAS评分)、疼痛自我效能(PSEQ评分)、疼痛应用策略的使用频率及痛阈值。结果两组患者干预后VAS评分均较干预前显著降低(P<0.05),PSEQ均较干预前显著升高(P<0.05),积极策略使用频率均显著高于干预前(P<0.05),消极策略应用频率均显著低于干预前(P<0.05);且观察组干预后的上述指标改善效果均显著优于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者干预后的痛阈显著高于干预前,且高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论认知行为训练可提高CBP患者的疼痛自我效能,降低患者消极疼痛策略使用频率,增加其积极疼痛应对策略使用频率,提高痛阈,从而降低疼痛水平,改善疼痛控制效果。
