<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complic...<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complications is still controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the association of gastroesophageal acid reflux to ear, nose and throat diseases in children. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its statistical population includes children with gastroesophageal reflux disease over a period of 18 months visited Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The diagnosis of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) was recorded based on symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings and ESPGHAN guidelines. The ear, nose and throat were examined and problems recorded followed by initiation of medical treatment. After one and six months of follow up post treatment all clinical findings were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> 26.4% of the children were under one year old. In 78% of children, a family history of GERD was reported to be negative. Cough was the most common clinical complaint. After one month of treatment, 15% of gastrointestinal symptoms and 40% of ENT symptoms completely improved. After six months of treatment 72% percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms and ENT symptoms completely improved. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>Otomycosis is a common fungal infection of the outer ear that is seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This disease is one of the common problems that ENT speci...<strong>Objective: </strong>Otomycosis is a common fungal infection of the outer ear that is seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This disease is one of the common problems that ENT specialists, face. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the status and frequency of this disease in patients referred to the ENT clinic of Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain for one year (2019-2020). <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> Thirty-five patients (23 males and 12 females) were mycologically examined with a clinical diagnosis of otomycosis. In order to diagnose the disease, first ear sampling done and then the collected samples directly tested with 10% KOH and culture of samples was performed on Saburo dextrose agar and Saburo dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol. In order to determine the fungus species, various laboratory methods and differential tests were used. <strong>Results:</strong> In this study, out of 56 patients with clinical diagnosis of otomycosis, according to laboratory results, only 38 patients (67.8%) were diagnosed with otomycosis. Of these, 18 patients (32.1%) were male and 20 (35.7%) were female. The highest number of cases was observed in the age group of 30 - 40 years. Isolated fungal agents were: <em>Aspergillus niger</em> 24 cases (63.1%), <em>Candida albicans</em> 9 cases (23.7%), <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> 2 cases (5.3%), <em>Aspergillus glaucous</em> 2 cases (5.3%), and <em>Penicillium</em> one case (2.6%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, the most common fungi isolated from patients with otomycosis were <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Candida</em> species, which is consistent with other studies. The present study showed, otomycosis cannot be diagnosed by clinical symptoms alone and it requires laboratory diagnosis.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> The efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty was investigated in a double-blind, randomized trial. <strong>Materials...<strong>Introduction:</strong> The efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty was investigated in a double-blind, randomized trial. <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> The study comprised fifty-four rhinoplasty patients who underwent open rhinoplasty surgery with tip modification, hump excision, and bilateral osteotomy and were divided into three groups: Group one: 18 patients: a single dosage of 8 mg dexamethasone given at the start of the procedure. Group two: 18 patients: three 8 mg dexamethasone doses given at the start of the procedure, then 24 and 48 hours afterwards. Group 3: a control group of 18 patients who were not given any medication. <strong>Result:</strong> In comparison to control group 3, there was a significant reduction in periorbital edema and ecchymosis in groups l and 2. Group 2 had less periorbital edema and ecchymosis at the end of the first postoperative week than group 1. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Edema and ecchymosis were significantly reduced with dexamethasone administration in rhinoplasty with osteotomy. Use of three doses of dexamethasone can reduce edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty more than the single dose treatment during the first postoperative week.展开更多
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complications is still controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the association of gastroesophageal acid reflux to ear, nose and throat diseases in children. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its statistical population includes children with gastroesophageal reflux disease over a period of 18 months visited Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The diagnosis of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) was recorded based on symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings and ESPGHAN guidelines. The ear, nose and throat were examined and problems recorded followed by initiation of medical treatment. After one and six months of follow up post treatment all clinical findings were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> 26.4% of the children were under one year old. In 78% of children, a family history of GERD was reported to be negative. Cough was the most common clinical complaint. After one month of treatment, 15% of gastrointestinal symptoms and 40% of ENT symptoms completely improved. After six months of treatment 72% percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms and ENT symptoms completely improved. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>Otomycosis is a common fungal infection of the outer ear that is seen in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This disease is one of the common problems that ENT specialists, face. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the status and frequency of this disease in patients referred to the ENT clinic of Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain for one year (2019-2020). <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> Thirty-five patients (23 males and 12 females) were mycologically examined with a clinical diagnosis of otomycosis. In order to diagnose the disease, first ear sampling done and then the collected samples directly tested with 10% KOH and culture of samples was performed on Saburo dextrose agar and Saburo dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol. In order to determine the fungus species, various laboratory methods and differential tests were used. <strong>Results:</strong> In this study, out of 56 patients with clinical diagnosis of otomycosis, according to laboratory results, only 38 patients (67.8%) were diagnosed with otomycosis. Of these, 18 patients (32.1%) were male and 20 (35.7%) were female. The highest number of cases was observed in the age group of 30 - 40 years. Isolated fungal agents were: <em>Aspergillus niger</em> 24 cases (63.1%), <em>Candida albicans</em> 9 cases (23.7%), <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> 2 cases (5.3%), <em>Aspergillus glaucous</em> 2 cases (5.3%), and <em>Penicillium</em> one case (2.6%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In this study, the most common fungi isolated from patients with otomycosis were <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Candida</em> species, which is consistent with other studies. The present study showed, otomycosis cannot be diagnosed by clinical symptoms alone and it requires laboratory diagnosis.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> The efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing periorbital edema and ecchymosis following rhinoplasty was investigated in a double-blind, randomized trial. <strong>Materials & Methods:</strong> The study comprised fifty-four rhinoplasty patients who underwent open rhinoplasty surgery with tip modification, hump excision, and bilateral osteotomy and were divided into three groups: Group one: 18 patients: a single dosage of 8 mg dexamethasone given at the start of the procedure. Group two: 18 patients: three 8 mg dexamethasone doses given at the start of the procedure, then 24 and 48 hours afterwards. Group 3: a control group of 18 patients who were not given any medication. <strong>Result:</strong> In comparison to control group 3, there was a significant reduction in periorbital edema and ecchymosis in groups l and 2. Group 2 had less periorbital edema and ecchymosis at the end of the first postoperative week than group 1. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Edema and ecchymosis were significantly reduced with dexamethasone administration in rhinoplasty with osteotomy. Use of three doses of dexamethasone can reduce edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty more than the single dose treatment during the first postoperative week.
