BACKGROUND The development and progression of gastric cancer(GC)are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients.Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective,the relationships of sar...BACKGROUND The development and progression of gastric cancer(GC)are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients.Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective,the relationships of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in patients with gastric cancer remain to be characterized.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients who were undergoing immuno-therapy for GC.For the evaluation of sarcopenia,the optimal cut-off value for the skeletal muscle index was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis of data obtained from pre-treatment computed tomography images at the L3 vertebral level.Myosteatosis was defined using the mean skeletal muscle density(SMD),with a threshold value of<41 Hounsfield units(HU)for patients with a body mass index(BMI)<25 kg/m^(2)and<33 HU for those with a BMI≥25 kg/m^(2).The log-rank test was used to compare progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors.Nomograms were developed to predict the PFS and OS of patients on the basis of the results of multivariate analyses.RESULTS We studied 115 patients who were undergoing ICI therapy for GC,of whom 27.4%had sarcopenia and 29.8%had myosteatosis.Patients with sarcopenia or myosteatosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without these conditions.Furthermore,both sarcopenia and myosteatosis were found to be independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with GC administering an ICI.The prediction models created for PFS and OS were associated with C-indexes of 0.758 and 0.781,respectively.CONCLUSION The presence of sarcopenia or myosteatosis is a reliable predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients with GC who are undergoing treatment with an ICI.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries suffer from mechano–electrochemical coupling problems that directly determine the battery life. In this paper, we investigate the electrode electrochemical performance under stress conditions, w...Lithium-ion batteries suffer from mechano–electrochemical coupling problems that directly determine the battery life. In this paper, we investigate the electrode electrochemical performance under stress conditions, where seven tensile/compressive stresses are designed and loaded on electrodes, thereby decoupling mechanics and electrochemistry through incremental stress loads. Four types of multi-group electrochemical tests under tensile/compressive stress loading and normal package loading are performed to quantitatively characterize the effects of tensile stress and compressive stress on cycle performance and the kinetic performance of a silicon composite electrode. Experiments show that a tensile stress improves the electrochemical performance of a silicon composite electrode, exhibiting increased specific capacity and capacity retention rate, reduced energy dissipation rate and impedances, enhanced reactivity, accelerated ion/electron migration and diffusion, and reduced polarization. Contrarily, a compressive stress has the opposite effect, inhibiting the electrochemical performance. The stress effect is nonlinear, and a more obvious suppression via compressive stress is observed than an enhancement via tensile stress. For example, a tensile stress of 675 k Pa increases diffusion coefficient by 32.5%, while a compressive stress reduces it by 35%. Based on the experimental results, the stress regulation mechanism is analyzed. Tensile stress loads increase the pores of the electrode material microstructure, providing more deformation spaces and ion/electron transport channels. This relieves contact compressive stress, strengthens diffusion/reaction, and reduces the degree of damage and energy dissipation. Thus, the essence of stress enhancement is that it improves and optimizes diffusion, reaction and stress in the microstructure of electrode material as well as their interactions via physical morphology.展开更多
A series of novel title compounds 6 a-6 r and 7 a-7 c have been synthesized by Mannich reaction of the new triazole Schiff base intermidiates, substituted piperazine and formaldehyde under mild conditions in excellent...A series of novel title compounds 6 a-6 r and 7 a-7 c have been synthesized by Mannich reaction of the new triazole Schiff base intermidiates, substituted piperazine and formaldehyde under mild conditions in excellent yields. The crystal structure of compound 6 i was determined to show a chair conformation of the piperazine ring and an(E)-configuration of the C=N double bond. The bioassay results indicated that most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro inhibitory activities and broader spectrum against several plant fungi, and were more effective than the control Triadimefon. Several compounds also displayed favourable in vivo antifungal activities. The relationships between the compound structures and various biological activities were discussed. Furthermore, the CoMFA calculation based on the antifungal activity data of compounds 6 against R. cerealis was carried out to establish a 3 D-QSAR model, which revealed that steric and electrostatic fields were two most important factors for contributing the bioactivity of the compounds. The present work will provide significant information for guiding optimization of such new structures to develop novel agrochemicals with higher antifungal activities.展开更多
基金This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital.
文摘BACKGROUND The development and progression of gastric cancer(GC)are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients.Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective,the relationships of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in patients with gastric cancer remain to be characterized.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients who were undergoing immuno-therapy for GC.For the evaluation of sarcopenia,the optimal cut-off value for the skeletal muscle index was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis of data obtained from pre-treatment computed tomography images at the L3 vertebral level.Myosteatosis was defined using the mean skeletal muscle density(SMD),with a threshold value of<41 Hounsfield units(HU)for patients with a body mass index(BMI)<25 kg/m^(2)and<33 HU for those with a BMI≥25 kg/m^(2).The log-rank test was used to compare progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS),and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors.Nomograms were developed to predict the PFS and OS of patients on the basis of the results of multivariate analyses.RESULTS We studied 115 patients who were undergoing ICI therapy for GC,of whom 27.4%had sarcopenia and 29.8%had myosteatosis.Patients with sarcopenia or myosteatosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without these conditions.Furthermore,both sarcopenia and myosteatosis were found to be independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with GC administering an ICI.The prediction models created for PFS and OS were associated with C-indexes of 0.758 and 0.781,respectively.CONCLUSION The presence of sarcopenia or myosteatosis is a reliable predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients with GC who are undergoing treatment with an ICI.
基金Project supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11890680)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12022205)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries suffer from mechano–electrochemical coupling problems that directly determine the battery life. In this paper, we investigate the electrode electrochemical performance under stress conditions, where seven tensile/compressive stresses are designed and loaded on electrodes, thereby decoupling mechanics and electrochemistry through incremental stress loads. Four types of multi-group electrochemical tests under tensile/compressive stress loading and normal package loading are performed to quantitatively characterize the effects of tensile stress and compressive stress on cycle performance and the kinetic performance of a silicon composite electrode. Experiments show that a tensile stress improves the electrochemical performance of a silicon composite electrode, exhibiting increased specific capacity and capacity retention rate, reduced energy dissipation rate and impedances, enhanced reactivity, accelerated ion/electron migration and diffusion, and reduced polarization. Contrarily, a compressive stress has the opposite effect, inhibiting the electrochemical performance. The stress effect is nonlinear, and a more obvious suppression via compressive stress is observed than an enhancement via tensile stress. For example, a tensile stress of 675 k Pa increases diffusion coefficient by 32.5%, while a compressive stress reduces it by 35%. Based on the experimental results, the stress regulation mechanism is analyzed. Tensile stress loads increase the pores of the electrode material microstructure, providing more deformation spaces and ion/electron transport channels. This relieves contact compressive stress, strengthens diffusion/reaction, and reduces the degree of damage and energy dissipation. Thus, the essence of stress enhancement is that it improves and optimizes diffusion, reaction and stress in the microstructure of electrode material as well as their interactions via physical morphology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 21372133)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No. 17JCYBJC19900)
文摘A series of novel title compounds 6 a-6 r and 7 a-7 c have been synthesized by Mannich reaction of the new triazole Schiff base intermidiates, substituted piperazine and formaldehyde under mild conditions in excellent yields. The crystal structure of compound 6 i was determined to show a chair conformation of the piperazine ring and an(E)-configuration of the C=N double bond. The bioassay results indicated that most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited excellent in vitro inhibitory activities and broader spectrum against several plant fungi, and were more effective than the control Triadimefon. Several compounds also displayed favourable in vivo antifungal activities. The relationships between the compound structures and various biological activities were discussed. Furthermore, the CoMFA calculation based on the antifungal activity data of compounds 6 against R. cerealis was carried out to establish a 3 D-QSAR model, which revealed that steric and electrostatic fields were two most important factors for contributing the bioactivity of the compounds. The present work will provide significant information for guiding optimization of such new structures to develop novel agrochemicals with higher antifungal activities.
