AIM:To observe whether silicone oil(SO)tamponade could decrease macular perfusion after retinal detachment repair.METHODS:A prospective observational case-control study.Patients diagnosed with primary macular off rheg...AIM:To observe whether silicone oil(SO)tamponade could decrease macular perfusion after retinal detachment repair.METHODS:A prospective observational case-control study.Patients diagnosed with primary macular off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing successful retinal repair surgery with vitrectomy were strictly selected.Optical coherence tomography angiography findings were compared between SO and air tamponade groups.Two postoperative visiting points were set(1 and 3 mo).RESULTS:Totally 29 patients(29 eyes)were enrolled.Twenty cases had SO tamponade while 9 cases were with air tamponade.At the first visiting point,superficial parafoveal vessel density(PFSVD)significantly decreased in the SO group(P=0.0403),especially in the superior quadrant or superior-hemi area(P=0.0089,0.0426,respectively).Parafoveal deep vessel density(PFDVD)had no difference between the two groups.At the second visiting point,all quadrants of PFSVD reduced significantly in the SO group(P=0.0256,0.0001,0.0031,<0.0001 in temporal,superior,nasal,and inferior area,respectively),but PFDVD remained no different.In the air group,all areas of PFSVD showed significantly improving from the first visit to the second one(P=0.0324,0.0001,0.0371,0.0026,in temporal,superior,nasal,and inferior area,respectively);however,almost all quadrants of PFDVD showed no changes during this period.In the SO group,both PFSVD and PFDVD showed no obvious changes between the two visiting points.Besides,parafoveal full retinal thickness in the SO group reduced significantly at both visiting points over the air tamponade,while the foveal avascular zone area showed no difference in the two groups.CONCLUSION:After retinal detachment surgery with vitrectomy and SO tamponade,superficial macular perfusion and full retinal thickness could decrease obviously when compared to air tamponade.This reduction process could persist throughout the tamponade period.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.ME...AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.METHODS:After a laser induced rabbit retinal vein occlusion(RVO)model was made,0.5 mg of nintedanib was injected intravitreally in the left eye on the third day while the right eye was as a control.Intracameral samples were taken on the day before laser treatment and days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28 after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to test the bFGF and VEGF-A concentrations in the aqueous humor.RESULTS:Both bFGF and VEGF-A rose significantly on the third day after laser treatment in both eyes.In the control eye the bFGF concentration peaked on the 14th day while the VEGF-A concentration dropped rapidly soon after the third day.After nintadanib injection in the study eye,both bFGF and VEGF-A showed a significant reduction on the 4th day(7th day after laser treatment)when compared to the control eye,and kept on low level in the following several weeks.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of nintedanib can inhibit the expression of bFGF and VEGF in the process of RVO model to a certain extent,which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases or fibrotic diseases.展开更多
It is well known that some coronal jets exhibit helical structures and untwisting.We attempt to inspect the origin of twist in a blowout jet.By means of multiwavelength and multi-angle observations from Solar Dynamics...It is well known that some coronal jets exhibit helical structures and untwisting.We attempt to inspect the origin of twist in a blowout jet.By means of multiwavelength and multi-angle observations from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A),we firstly report a polar untwisting jet that is a blowout jet which leads to a jet-like coronal mass ejection.From the viewpoint of SDO,the jet shows clear untwisting behavior and two jet-spires.However,from the viewpoint of STEREO-A the jet actually comes from the whiplike prominence eruption and is followed by a white-light jet.Our observations indicate that twist in blowout jets may result from the erupting mini-prominences/minifilaments in the jet base.展开更多
Nowadays,silicon has become a promising anode active material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity.However,traditional binder materials cannot effectively restrain the volume expansion of silico...Nowadays,silicon has become a promising anode active material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity.However,traditional binder materials cannot effectively restrain the volume expansion of silicon during lithiation/delithiation.Inspired by the growth process of climbing plants,we sequentially crosslink sodium alginate with calcium ions and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine to construct a dual crosslinked network binder.During the sequentially crosslinking,sodium alginate preferentially crosslinks with Ca^(2+)to form the"trellis"network,which restricts the free movement of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine and guides it,like"vine",to gradually anchor on the surrounding"trellis"through hydrogen and ionic bonding.In this dual crosslinked network,the ionic ally crosslinked sodium alginate maintains the anode structural integrity;the anchored hyperbranched polyethyleneimine forms strong multidimensional hydrogen bonds with silicon nanoparticles through its amino-rich branch chains;and the network utilizes the bonding reversibility of hydrogen and ionic bonds to repeatedly eliminate the mechanical stress and self-heal the structure damages caused by the volume change of silicon.Benefited from the multifunction of the dual crosslinked network,the silicon anode has achieved an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 2403 mAh·g^(-1)at the current density of500 mA·g^(-1)after 100 cycles.展开更多
Aims Reproductive fitness of different floral phenotypes varies within and/or among populations.These variations are important to understand the process of natural selection and the evolution of floral traits.In this ...Aims Reproductive fitness of different floral phenotypes varies within and/or among populations.These variations are important to understand the process of natural selection and the evolution of floral traits.In this study,we focused on a distylous,self-incompat-ible species,Primula poissonii,to investigate fitness-related selec-tion on floral traits.Our aim was to determine how traits vary as targets of natural selection and whether morph-specific selection occurs.Methods This study was conducted at two sites(Yushuizhai at 2700 m and Haligu at 3200 m)in the Lijiang Alpine Botanical Garden,northwest-ern Yunnan,southwestern China.Insects visiting flowers of P.pois-sonii were observed,captured and identified.Randomly selected plants of long-and short-styled morphs were labeled.Five floral/inflorescence traits were measured including floral display,corolla width(CW),floral tube length(FTL),tube opening width(TOW)and floral scape height.Fruit and seed set were recorded.The total num-ber of seeds per individual plant(plant fitness)and seed production per capsule(flower fitness)were calculated.Multiple regression analyses were used to quantify selection gradients.Important Findings The frequencies of the two morphs did not deviate from the expected 1:1 ratio at both sites.Except for FTL,the four other traits did not dif-fer significantly between the long-and short-styled morphs.Floral scape height,floral display and FTL differed between two sites.The selection regimes differed between two morphs and between two sites.At the Yushuizhai site,linear selection for shorter floral tubes was stronger in the short-styled morph.However,nonlinear selec-tion on the floral display was stronger in the long-styled morph than selection on the short-styled morph.At the Haligu site,linear selec-tion for a smaller corolla was stronger in the long-styled morph.A morph-specific nonlinear selection on CW and floral display was also detected.Morph-specific selections were detected through the estimation of flower fitness only in Haligu population.In this site,morph-specific linear selection was also detected for CW and floral display.Morph-specific nonlinear selection on traits was detected only in CW.We found that butterflies and sphingid moths dominated at Yushuizhai,while long-tongued bees dominated at Haligu.The difference in pollinator fauna suggested that selection on floral tubes may be due to differences in pollinator assemblages.Overall,variation of floral and/or inflorescence traits in P.poissonii was probably driven by pollinator selection.Selection regime dif-ferences between two morphs,in part,due the inter-morph diver-gences of sexual functions in distylous plant.展开更多
基金Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.Y20180730)。
文摘AIM:To observe whether silicone oil(SO)tamponade could decrease macular perfusion after retinal detachment repair.METHODS:A prospective observational case-control study.Patients diagnosed with primary macular off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing successful retinal repair surgery with vitrectomy were strictly selected.Optical coherence tomography angiography findings were compared between SO and air tamponade groups.Two postoperative visiting points were set(1 and 3 mo).RESULTS:Totally 29 patients(29 eyes)were enrolled.Twenty cases had SO tamponade while 9 cases were with air tamponade.At the first visiting point,superficial parafoveal vessel density(PFSVD)significantly decreased in the SO group(P=0.0403),especially in the superior quadrant or superior-hemi area(P=0.0089,0.0426,respectively).Parafoveal deep vessel density(PFDVD)had no difference between the two groups.At the second visiting point,all quadrants of PFSVD reduced significantly in the SO group(P=0.0256,0.0001,0.0031,<0.0001 in temporal,superior,nasal,and inferior area,respectively),but PFDVD remained no different.In the air group,all areas of PFSVD showed significantly improving from the first visit to the second one(P=0.0324,0.0001,0.0371,0.0026,in temporal,superior,nasal,and inferior area,respectively);however,almost all quadrants of PFDVD showed no changes during this period.In the SO group,both PFSVD and PFDVD showed no obvious changes between the two visiting points.Besides,parafoveal full retinal thickness in the SO group reduced significantly at both visiting points over the air tamponade,while the foveal avascular zone area showed no difference in the two groups.CONCLUSION:After retinal detachment surgery with vitrectomy and SO tamponade,superficial macular perfusion and full retinal thickness could decrease obviously when compared to air tamponade.This reduction process could persist throughout the tamponade period.
基金Supported by Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020KY654).
文摘AIM:To evaluate whether a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib could inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)simultaneously for retinal vascular disease in vivo.METHODS:After a laser induced rabbit retinal vein occlusion(RVO)model was made,0.5 mg of nintedanib was injected intravitreally in the left eye on the third day while the right eye was as a control.Intracameral samples were taken on the day before laser treatment and days 1,3,7,14,21,and 28 after treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to test the bFGF and VEGF-A concentrations in the aqueous humor.RESULTS:Both bFGF and VEGF-A rose significantly on the third day after laser treatment in both eyes.In the control eye the bFGF concentration peaked on the 14th day while the VEGF-A concentration dropped rapidly soon after the third day.After nintadanib injection in the study eye,both bFGF and VEGF-A showed a significant reduction on the 4th day(7th day after laser treatment)when compared to the control eye,and kept on low level in the following several weeks.CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of nintedanib can inhibit the expression of bFGF and VEGF in the process of RVO model to a certain extent,which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases or fibrotic diseases.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2011CB811403)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10973038 and 11173038)
文摘It is well known that some coronal jets exhibit helical structures and untwisting.We attempt to inspect the origin of twist in a blowout jet.By means of multiwavelength and multi-angle observations from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A),we firstly report a polar untwisting jet that is a blowout jet which leads to a jet-like coronal mass ejection.From the viewpoint of SDO,the jet shows clear untwisting behavior and two jet-spires.However,from the viewpoint of STEREO-A the jet actually comes from the whiplike prominence eruption and is followed by a white-light jet.Our observations indicate that twist in blowout jets may result from the erupting mini-prominences/minifilaments in the jet base.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52002151 and 51905526)Jiaxing Science and Technology Project(No.2020AY10018)the Key Laboratory of Yam Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology,Zhejiang Province(open project program,No.MTC2021-10)。
文摘Nowadays,silicon has become a promising anode active material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity.However,traditional binder materials cannot effectively restrain the volume expansion of silicon during lithiation/delithiation.Inspired by the growth process of climbing plants,we sequentially crosslink sodium alginate with calcium ions and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine to construct a dual crosslinked network binder.During the sequentially crosslinking,sodium alginate preferentially crosslinks with Ca^(2+)to form the"trellis"network,which restricts the free movement of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine and guides it,like"vine",to gradually anchor on the surrounding"trellis"through hydrogen and ionic bonding.In this dual crosslinked network,the ionic ally crosslinked sodium alginate maintains the anode structural integrity;the anchored hyperbranched polyethyleneimine forms strong multidimensional hydrogen bonds with silicon nanoparticles through its amino-rich branch chains;and the network utilizes the bonding reversibility of hydrogen and ionic bonds to repeatedly eliminate the mechanical stress and self-heal the structure damages caused by the volume change of silicon.Benefited from the multifunction of the dual crosslinked network,the silicon anode has achieved an excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacity of 2403 mAh·g^(-1)at the current density of500 mA·g^(-1)after 100 cycles.
基金The Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Province(U1502261)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CB954100)+1 种基金the Major International Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31320103919)a visiting professorship for senior international scientists of Chinese Academy of Sciences to L.M.W(2012T1S0006).
文摘Aims Reproductive fitness of different floral phenotypes varies within and/or among populations.These variations are important to understand the process of natural selection and the evolution of floral traits.In this study,we focused on a distylous,self-incompat-ible species,Primula poissonii,to investigate fitness-related selec-tion on floral traits.Our aim was to determine how traits vary as targets of natural selection and whether morph-specific selection occurs.Methods This study was conducted at two sites(Yushuizhai at 2700 m and Haligu at 3200 m)in the Lijiang Alpine Botanical Garden,northwest-ern Yunnan,southwestern China.Insects visiting flowers of P.pois-sonii were observed,captured and identified.Randomly selected plants of long-and short-styled morphs were labeled.Five floral/inflorescence traits were measured including floral display,corolla width(CW),floral tube length(FTL),tube opening width(TOW)and floral scape height.Fruit and seed set were recorded.The total num-ber of seeds per individual plant(plant fitness)and seed production per capsule(flower fitness)were calculated.Multiple regression analyses were used to quantify selection gradients.Important Findings The frequencies of the two morphs did not deviate from the expected 1:1 ratio at both sites.Except for FTL,the four other traits did not dif-fer significantly between the long-and short-styled morphs.Floral scape height,floral display and FTL differed between two sites.The selection regimes differed between two morphs and between two sites.At the Yushuizhai site,linear selection for shorter floral tubes was stronger in the short-styled morph.However,nonlinear selec-tion on the floral display was stronger in the long-styled morph than selection on the short-styled morph.At the Haligu site,linear selec-tion for a smaller corolla was stronger in the long-styled morph.A morph-specific nonlinear selection on CW and floral display was also detected.Morph-specific selections were detected through the estimation of flower fitness only in Haligu population.In this site,morph-specific linear selection was also detected for CW and floral display.Morph-specific nonlinear selection on traits was detected only in CW.We found that butterflies and sphingid moths dominated at Yushuizhai,while long-tongued bees dominated at Haligu.The difference in pollinator fauna suggested that selection on floral tubes may be due to differences in pollinator assemblages.Overall,variation of floral and/or inflorescence traits in P.poissonii was probably driven by pollinator selection.Selection regime dif-ferences between two morphs,in part,due the inter-morph diver-gences of sexual functions in distylous plant.
