AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtai...AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal,coronal,and sagittal planes respectively.The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function.Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal,coronal and horizontal view.The curvature,curvature radius,eccentricity,tilt angle,corneal diameter,and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles.Next,the eyeballs were removed,canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro.The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes,no significant differences were observed among results in vivo,in vitro,and the keratometer.The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39°and 129.8°±9.58°respectively.For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo,significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes.CONCLUSION:The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection,which requires too much definition in Matlab.There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings,such as exotropic eye position,oblique oval eyeball,and obvious discrepancy of binoculus.This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.展开更多
AIM: To describe the clinical features of congenital double elevator palsy(CDEP) and to evaluate various surgical outcomes between the standard Knapp and augmented Knapp procedures, based on improvements in primary ey...AIM: To describe the clinical features of congenital double elevator palsy(CDEP) and to evaluate various surgical outcomes between the standard Knapp and augmented Knapp procedures, based on improvements in primary eye position and ocular motility.METHODS: Twenty-two patients with CDEP at Shanghai Children's Hospital were enrolled from July 2014 to January 2018. The forced duction test(FDT) was negative in 21 patients, aged 8 mo to 12 y(mean 5.4 y). Patients were divided into two treatment groups: 16 patients underwent the standard Knapp procedure(group A), with or without horizontal squint procedure; and 5 patients underwent the augmented Knapp procedure(Foster procedure; group B). One patient underwent inferior rectus recession in the affected eye and superior rectus recession in the sound eye because of a positive FDT. The pre-and postoperative vertical deviations in the primary position and ocular motility were compared in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes of the 22 patients(95%) were aligned within 10 prism diopters(PD), and all patients(100%) reached ≥25% elevation improvement after surgery. The average corrected vertical deviation in group B was statistically better than that of group A. For group A, the vertical deviation in the primary position decreased from 24.75Δ±8.35Δ to 4.56Δ±8.07Δ after surgery, for an improvement of 23.06Δ±6.51Δ(P<0.05). In group B, the decrease was from 35.00Δ±5.00Δ(range 30Δ-40Δ) to 1.00Δ±2.24Δ, for an improvement of 34.00Δ±4.18Δ(P<0.05). There were significant differences between the pre-and postoperative elevation in each group(group A, P<0.05; group B, P<0.05). The average scale of improved elevation in group B(1.80±0.45) was not significantly better than that of group A(1.69±0.87; Z=-0.732, P=0.548). The average follow-up periods lasted 21 mo in group A and 18 mo in group B.CONCLUSION: For vertical deviations <30Δ, the standard Knapp procedure can be chosen. For deviations greater than 30Δ-40Δ, the Foster procedure should be chosen. Because of our early interference, the inferior rectus(IR) muscle did not show mechanical restriction. Monocular elevation deficiency(MED) should be diagnosed early so that complications will be reduced and the procedure will be easier for the surgeon.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81400428)Self-selected Projects of Shanghai Children’s Hospital(No.2020R124)Shanghai Children’s Hospital Hospital-level Project Clinical Research Cultivation Special Focus Project(No.2021YLYZ03).
文摘AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal,coronal,and sagittal planes respectively.The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function.Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal,coronal and horizontal view.The curvature,curvature radius,eccentricity,tilt angle,corneal diameter,and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles.Next,the eyeballs were removed,canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro.The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes,no significant differences were observed among results in vivo,in vitro,and the keratometer.The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39°and 129.8°±9.58°respectively.For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo,significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes.CONCLUSION:The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection,which requires too much definition in Matlab.There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings,such as exotropic eye position,oblique oval eyeball,and obvious discrepancy of binoculus.This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.
文摘AIM: To describe the clinical features of congenital double elevator palsy(CDEP) and to evaluate various surgical outcomes between the standard Knapp and augmented Knapp procedures, based on improvements in primary eye position and ocular motility.METHODS: Twenty-two patients with CDEP at Shanghai Children's Hospital were enrolled from July 2014 to January 2018. The forced duction test(FDT) was negative in 21 patients, aged 8 mo to 12 y(mean 5.4 y). Patients were divided into two treatment groups: 16 patients underwent the standard Knapp procedure(group A), with or without horizontal squint procedure; and 5 patients underwent the augmented Knapp procedure(Foster procedure; group B). One patient underwent inferior rectus recession in the affected eye and superior rectus recession in the sound eye because of a positive FDT. The pre-and postoperative vertical deviations in the primary position and ocular motility were compared in the two groups.RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes of the 22 patients(95%) were aligned within 10 prism diopters(PD), and all patients(100%) reached ≥25% elevation improvement after surgery. The average corrected vertical deviation in group B was statistically better than that of group A. For group A, the vertical deviation in the primary position decreased from 24.75Δ±8.35Δ to 4.56Δ±8.07Δ after surgery, for an improvement of 23.06Δ±6.51Δ(P<0.05). In group B, the decrease was from 35.00Δ±5.00Δ(range 30Δ-40Δ) to 1.00Δ±2.24Δ, for an improvement of 34.00Δ±4.18Δ(P<0.05). There were significant differences between the pre-and postoperative elevation in each group(group A, P<0.05; group B, P<0.05). The average scale of improved elevation in group B(1.80±0.45) was not significantly better than that of group A(1.69±0.87; Z=-0.732, P=0.548). The average follow-up periods lasted 21 mo in group A and 18 mo in group B.CONCLUSION: For vertical deviations <30Δ, the standard Knapp procedure can be chosen. For deviations greater than 30Δ-40Δ, the Foster procedure should be chosen. Because of our early interference, the inferior rectus(IR) muscle did not show mechanical restriction. Monocular elevation deficiency(MED) should be diagnosed early so that complications will be reduced and the procedure will be easier for the surgeon.
