Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe n...Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe nerve damage.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death caused by membrane rupture induced by lipid peroxidation,and plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.However,there are few studies on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from GEO databases and identified a role of ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and myelin injury after cerebral ischemia.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that perilipin-2(PLIN2)was involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.PLIN2 is a lipid storage protein and a marker of hypoxia-sensitive lipid droplet accumulation.For further investigation,we established a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.We found significant myelin damage after cerebral ischemia,as well as oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and increased lipid peroxidation levels around the infarct area.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1,rescued oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and subsequent myelin injury.We also found increased PLIN2 levels in the peri-infarct area that co-localized with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Plin2 knockdown rescued demyelination and improved neurological deficits.Our findings suggest that targeting PLIN2 to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing myelin damage after cerebral ischemia.展开更多
Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overse...Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overseas business. However, the internationalized process of Chinese enterprises is not progressing smoothly. The paper systematically analyzes the risks of China overseas hydropower projects from two aspects： international environment risks and internal risks of hydropower enterprises and points out that effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility by using Guidance on Social Responsibility （ISO26000） could help Chinese hydropower enterprises to deal with overseas risks. In order to help Chinese hydropower enterprises to improve the CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） implementation level, the paper integrates the characteristics of hydropower enterprises with the core subjects of ISO26000, examines the key problems on the CSR work of Chinese hydropower enterprises according to requirements of ISO26000 and puts forward effective advices.展开更多
Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic ...Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic geese have two origins,most of which originated from swan geese(Anser cygnoides),and the Yili goose originated from greylag geese.To explain the origin and demographic history of geese,we selected 14 goose breeds from Europe and China and wild populations of swan and greylag geese,and whole genome sequencing data were obtained for 74 samples.Results Population structure analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that the wild ancestor of Chinese domestic geese,except for Yili,is the swan geese,and the wild ancestor of Chinese Yili and European domestic geese is greylag geese.Analysis of the demographic history suggests that the domestication of Chinese geese occurred~3499 years ago and that of the European geese occurred~7552 years ago.Furthermore,gene flow was observed between domestic geese and their wild ancestors.Analysis of introgression showed that Yili geese had been introgressed by Chinese domestic geese,and the body size of Yili geese may be influenced by introgression events of some growthrelated genes,including IGF-1.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the origin of geese at the genome-wide level and advances the understanding of the history of goose domestication and the traits affected by introgression events.展开更多
The plasma wake of reentry vehicles has the advantages of extensive space range and long traceability,which provides new possibilities for the detection and monitoring of reentry vehicles.Based on the Zakharov model,t...The plasma wake of reentry vehicles has the advantages of extensive space range and long traceability,which provides new possibilities for the detection and monitoring of reentry vehicles.Based on the Zakharov model,this work investigates the excitation and power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of a typical reentry vehicle.With the aid of parametric decay instability,the excitation condition of electromagnetic radiation for a typical plasma wake is evaluated first.The power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation,including the effects of both the flight parameters and incident wave parameters are analyzed in detail.The results show that when the phenomenon of excited electromagnetic radiation occurs,plasma wakes closer to the bottom of the vehicle and with faster speeds require higher incident frequencies and thresholds of the electric field.As the frequency of the incident wave increases,peaks appear in the power spectra of plasma wakes,and their magnitudes increase gradually.The frequency shifts of the secondary peaks are equal,whereas,the peaks of the downshifted spectral lines are generally larger than those of the upshifted spectral lines.The work in this paper provides a new idea and method for the tracking of reentry vehicles,which has potential application value in the field of reentry vehicle detection.展开更多
As part of the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission,the Zhurong Rover began its scientific investigation in the southern Utopia Planitia after its successful landing in 15 May,2021.The Zhurong Rover magnetometer(RoMAG),one of th...As part of the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission,the Zhurong Rover began its scientific investigation in the southern Utopia Planitia after its successful landing in 15 May,2021.The Zhurong Rover magnetometer(RoMAG),one of the six payloads onboard the rover,includes two identical high-sensitivity triaxial fluxgate magnetometers and can implement mobile magnetic measurements on the surface of Mars.Although a rover magnetic compensation procedure was conducted to remove the magnetic interferences pre-launch,due to the different state of the payloads and electric power system such as the solar panel,an along-track calibration of the magnetometer is necessary to obtain a more accurate Martian magnetic field.Two methods,mast yaw rotations and Rover yaw rotations were utilized separately to determine the Martian horizontal magnetic components.Results show that the Martian horizontal magnetic components determined by the two methods are in good agreement,with the root mean square deviation less than 2.0 nT.The vertical component was also constrained through the pitch movements of the mast by assuming the interferences field distributes like a dipole field.A linear correlation between magnetic field measurements and the solar array currents was derived to calibrate the body field during the regular exploration.We conclude that more accurate measurements could be made when applying the calibration results in the magnetic survey on the surface of Mars.展开更多
Background Sex differences affect the occurrence,progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH.However...Background Sex differences affect the occurrence,progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH.However,whether oestrogen affects blood‒brain barrier(BBB)integrity has not been fully studied.Oestrogen has been found to regulate the sonic hedgehog(SHH)signalling pathway through the oestrogen receptor in gastric cancer and adrenal glands,and the SHH signalling pathway has an important role in maintaining the BBB by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins.In this study,we investigated the relationship between oestrogen and the SHH signalling pathway using clinical data and established an experimental SAH model to explore whether oestrogen could ameliorate BBB damage after SAH through the SHH pathway.Methods Correlations between oestrogen and the SHH pathway were analysed by patients’cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)samples and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database(GTEx).Then,an experimental rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation method and treated with oestrogen,oestrogen inhibitors and SHH signalling pathway inhibitors.Then,the effects of oestrogen on BBB damage were analysed by western blot,immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural experiments.Results ESLIA detection and correlation analysis showed that oestrogen levels in patients’CSF were positively correlated with the SHH pathway,which was further verified by GTEx gene-correlation analysis.SHH was found to be mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rats under physiological conditions and was upregulated by oestrogen pretreatment.In the SAH model,oestrogen pretreatment was found to reverse SAH-induced decreases in the SHH pathway,which were counteracted by oestrogen receptor inhibitors.Furthermore,oestrogen pretreatment reduced SAH-induced BBB damage,brain oedema and neurological dysfunction,which were eliminated by SHH pathway inhibitors.Conclusion In conclusion,we demonstrate here that oestrogen pretreatment ameliorates brain injury after SAH,at least in part through SHH pathway-mediated BBB protection.展开更多
The scattering characteristics of the periodic surface of infinite and finite media are investigated in detail.The Fourier expression of the scattering field of the periodic surface is obtained in terms of Huygens’ s...The scattering characteristics of the periodic surface of infinite and finite media are investigated in detail.The Fourier expression of the scattering field of the periodic surface is obtained in terms of Huygens’ s principle and Floquet’s theorem.Using the extended boundary condition method(EBCM) and T-matrix method, the scattering amplitude factor is solved,and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by use of the law of conservation of energy.The scattering cross section of the periodic surface in the infinitely long region is derived by improving the scattering cross section of the finite period surface.Furthermore, the effects of the incident wave parameters and the geometric structure parameters on the scattering of the periodic surface are analyzed and discussed.By reasonable approximation, the scattering calculation methods of infinite and finite long surfaces are unified.Besides, numerical results show that the dielectric constant of the periodic dielectric surface has a significant effect on the scattering rate and transmittance.The period and amplitude of the surface determine the number of scattering intensity peaks, and, together with the incident angle, influence the scattering intensity distribution.展开更多
The transmission of terahertz(THz)Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab is investigated by using a hybrid method of cylindrical vector wave functions(CVWFs)and Fourier transfor...The transmission of terahertz(THz)Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab is investigated by using a hybrid method of cylindrical vector wave functions(CVWFs)and Fourier transform.On the basis of the electromagnetic boundary conditions on each interface,a cascade form of expansion coefficients of the reflected and transmitted fields is obtained.Taking a double Gaussian distribution of the plasma density as an example,the influences of the applied magnetic field,the incident angle and polarization mode of the incident beams on the magnitude,OAM mode and polarization of the transmitted beams are analyzed in detail.The results indicate that the applied magnetic field has a major effect upon the polarization state of the transmitted fields but not upon the transmitted OAM spectrum.The incident angle has a powerful influence upon both the amplitude profile and the OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam.Furthermore,for multiple coaxial vortex beams,an increase of the maximum value of the plasma density causes more remarkable distortion of both the profile and OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam.This research makes a stable foundation for the THz OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing technology in a magnetized plasma environment.展开更多
The reflection and transmission of a finite-power Airy beam incident on a dielectric slab are investigated by an analytical method.Based on the plane-wave angular spectrum expansion and Fresnel approximation,the analy...The reflection and transmission of a finite-power Airy beam incident on a dielectric slab are investigated by an analytical method.Based on the plane-wave angular spectrum expansion and Fresnel approximation,the analytical expressions of the reflected field,internal field as well as transmitted field in each region are obtained.Through numerical simulations,the intensity distributions of the incident beam,reflected beam,internal beam as well as transmitted beam are presented at oblique incidence.Besides,we also compare the intensity distributions of the geometrical-optics beam field,the first order beam mode field and the actual beam field,which indicates that the contribution of each order beam mode field to the actual beam field is related to the refractive index of the dielectric slab.Meanwhile,the reflection characteristics of the Airy beams in the special cases of Brewster incidence and total reflection are investigated.Finally,the effects of the optical thickness and refractive index of the dielectric slab on the peak intensity distributions and beam shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams are also discussed in detail.The analytical and numerical results will be useful to analyze the propagation dynamics of Airy beam in the dielectric slab and provide some theoretical supports to the design of optical film.展开更多
Based on the Green Development Indicator System issued by the Chinese government, this study conducted an in-depth evaluation of provincial green development in China, from 2013 to 2016. The findings of the study show...Based on the Green Development Indicator System issued by the Chinese government, this study conducted an in-depth evaluation of provincial green development in China, from 2013 to 2016. The findings of the study showed that:(1) significant regional differences existed across provinces in China regarding green development.(2) In terms of changing trends, the overall level of green development exhibited an upward trend during the years covered by our study, with a faster rising rate of development in eastern and central regions of China than in western ones.(3) In terms of spatial correlation, the spatial autocorrelation of China’s green development was evident. However, the spatial agglomeration of provincial green development gradually waned during the period in 2013–2016.(4) When it comes to drivers of spatial autocorrelation, the comparatively upward trend in the environmental field served as the main factor that drove green development from agglomeration to balance.(5) In terms of convergence, the tendency showed that less developed regions were about to catch up with leading regions in China in green development, especially as regards the dimensions of ecological protection and resource utilization.展开更多
Supervisory control and data acquisition systems(SCADAs)play an important role in supervising and controlling industrial production with the help of programmable logic controllers(PLCs)in industrial control systems(IC...Supervisory control and data acquisition systems(SCADAs)play an important role in supervising and controlling industrial production with the help of programmable logic controllers(PLCs)in industrial control systems(ICSs).A PLC receives the control information or program from a SCADA to control the production equipment and feeds the production data back to the SCADA.Once a SCADA is controlled by an attacker,it may threaten the safety of industrial production.The lack of security protection,such as identity authentication and encryption for industrial control protocols,increases the potential security risks.In this paper,we propose a PLC protection system combined with a monitor between a SCADA and a PLC and a physically separated monitoring station.By using the PLC protection system,identity verification and command verification are separated,and both the identity of the operator and the corresponding commands are recorded.Experiments show that even if the SCADA is controlled by an attacker,our system could still protect the PLC in the field and record the identity of the key command operator,which facilitates the tracing and forensics of malicious activities.展开更多
t OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4+,CD8+,and regulatory T cells.The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion,differentiation,and activation an...t OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4+,CD8+,and regulatory T cells.The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion,differentiation,and activation and also promotes dendritic cells to mature to enhance their cytokine production.Therefore,the use of agonistic anti-Ox40 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has gained great interest.However,most of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies in the clinic are OX40L-competitive and show limited efficacy.Here,we discovered that BGB-A445,a non-ligand-competitive agonistic anti-OX40 antibody currently under clinical investigation,induced optimal T cell activation without impairing dendritic cell function.In addition,BGB-A445 dose-dependently and significantly depleted regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.In the MC38 syngeneic model established in humanized OX40 knock-in mice,BGB-A445 demonstrated robust and dose-dependent antitumor efficacy,whereas the ligand-competitive anti-Ox40 antibody showed antitumor efficacy characterized by a hook effect.Furthermore,BGB-A445 demonstrated a strong combination antitumor effect with an anti-PD-1 antibody.Taken together,our findings show that BGB-A445,which does not block OX40-OX40L interaction in contrast to clinical-stage anti-OX40 antibodies,shows superior immune-stimulating effects and antitumor efficacy and thus warrants further clinical investigation.展开更多
Some vocational and technical schools, facing every kind of crises, should have scientific forewarning and management methods to resolve these problems. After classifying the crises and analyzing the cause, this paper...Some vocational and technical schools, facing every kind of crises, should have scientific forewarning and management methods to resolve these problems. After classifying the crises and analyzing the cause, this paper makes use of the modem-forewarning and management theories to discuss the forewarning and management method of the crises of the vocational and technical school.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.Previous studies have suggested potential changes in the complement and co...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.Previous studies have suggested potential changes in the complement and coagulation pathways in individuals with ASD.In this study,using multiple reactions monitoring proteomic technology,16 of the 33 proteins involved in this pathway were identified as differentially-expressed proteins in plasma between children with ASD and controls.Among them,CFHR3,C4BPB,C4BPA,CFH,C9,SERPIND1,C8A,F9,and F11 were found to be altered in the plasma of children with ASD for the first time.SERPIND1 expression was positively correlated with the CARS score.Using the machine learning method,we obtained a panel composed of 12 differentially-expressed proteins with diagnostic potential for ASD.We also reviewed the proteins changed in this pathway in the brain and blood of patients with ASD.The complement and coagulation pathways may be activated in the peripheral blood of children with ASD and play a key role in the pathogenesis of ASD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071307(to HL),82271362(to HL),82171294(to JW),82371303(to JW),and 82301460(to PX)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20211552(to HL)+1 种基金Suzhou Medical Technology Innovation Project-Clinical Frontier,No.SKY2022002(to ZY)the Science and Education Foundation for Health of Suzhou for Youth,No.KJXW2023001(to XL)。
文摘Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes contributes to remyelination.Failure of remyelination due to oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death can result in severe nerve damage.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death caused by membrane rupture induced by lipid peroxidation,and plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke.However,there are few studies on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from GEO databases and identified a role of ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and myelin injury after cerebral ischemia.Bioinformatics analysis suggested that perilipin-2(PLIN2)was involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis.PLIN2 is a lipid storage protein and a marker of hypoxia-sensitive lipid droplet accumulation.For further investigation,we established a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.We found significant myelin damage after cerebral ischemia,as well as oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and increased lipid peroxidation levels around the infarct area.The ferroptosis inhibitor,ferrostatin-1,rescued oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death and subsequent myelin injury.We also found increased PLIN2 levels in the peri-infarct area that co-localized with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Plin2 knockdown rescued demyelination and improved neurological deficits.Our findings suggest that targeting PLIN2 to regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for rescuing myelin damage after cerebral ischemia.
文摘Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overseas business. However, the internationalized process of Chinese enterprises is not progressing smoothly. The paper systematically analyzes the risks of China overseas hydropower projects from two aspects： international environment risks and internal risks of hydropower enterprises and points out that effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility by using Guidance on Social Responsibility （ISO26000） could help Chinese hydropower enterprises to deal with overseas risks. In order to help Chinese hydropower enterprises to improve the CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） implementation level, the paper integrates the characteristics of hydropower enterprises with the core subjects of ISO26000, examines the key problems on the CSR work of Chinese hydropower enterprises according to requirements of ISO26000 and puts forward effective advices.
基金funded by the Open Project of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basinthe National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant numbers:BRZD2104 and 31960648)the Joint Plan of Liaoning Province in the field of Livelihood Science and Technology (Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Support)。
文摘Background Geese are among the most important poultry species in the world.The current generally accepted hypothesis is that the European domestic geese originated from greylag geese(Anser anser),and Chinese domestic geese have two origins,most of which originated from swan geese(Anser cygnoides),and the Yili goose originated from greylag geese.To explain the origin and demographic history of geese,we selected 14 goose breeds from Europe and China and wild populations of swan and greylag geese,and whole genome sequencing data were obtained for 74 samples.Results Population structure analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that the wild ancestor of Chinese domestic geese,except for Yili,is the swan geese,and the wild ancestor of Chinese Yili and European domestic geese is greylag geese.Analysis of the demographic history suggests that the domestication of Chinese geese occurred~3499 years ago and that of the European geese occurred~7552 years ago.Furthermore,gene flow was observed between domestic geese and their wild ancestors.Analysis of introgression showed that Yili geese had been introgressed by Chinese domestic geese,and the body size of Yili geese may be influenced by introgression events of some growthrelated genes,including IGF-1.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the origin of geese at the genome-wide level and advances the understanding of the history of goose domestication and the traits affected by introgression events.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171355,61875156)the 111Project(No.B17035)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JM-135)the Stable Support Project of Basic Scientific Research Institutes(Nos.A131901W14,A132001W12)。
文摘The plasma wake of reentry vehicles has the advantages of extensive space range and long traceability,which provides new possibilities for the detection and monitoring of reentry vehicles.Based on the Zakharov model,this work investigates the excitation and power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of a typical reentry vehicle.With the aid of parametric decay instability,the excitation condition of electromagnetic radiation for a typical plasma wake is evaluated first.The power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation,including the effects of both the flight parameters and incident wave parameters are analyzed in detail.The results show that when the phenomenon of excited electromagnetic radiation occurs,plasma wakes closer to the bottom of the vehicle and with faster speeds require higher incident frequencies and thresholds of the electric field.As the frequency of the incident wave increases,peaks appear in the power spectra of plasma wakes,and their magnitudes increase gradually.The frequency shifts of the secondary peaks are equal,whereas,the peaks of the downshifted spectral lines are generally larger than those of the upshifted spectral lines.The work in this paper provides a new idea and method for the tracking of reentry vehicles,which has potential application value in the field of reentry vehicle detection.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB41010304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42374217,42274224)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503200)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-SSW-TLC001)the Key Research Programs of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.IGGCAS-202102)。
文摘As part of the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission,the Zhurong Rover began its scientific investigation in the southern Utopia Planitia after its successful landing in 15 May,2021.The Zhurong Rover magnetometer(RoMAG),one of the six payloads onboard the rover,includes two identical high-sensitivity triaxial fluxgate magnetometers and can implement mobile magnetic measurements on the surface of Mars.Although a rover magnetic compensation procedure was conducted to remove the magnetic interferences pre-launch,due to the different state of the payloads and electric power system such as the solar panel,an along-track calibration of the magnetometer is necessary to obtain a more accurate Martian magnetic field.Two methods,mast yaw rotations and Rover yaw rotations were utilized separately to determine the Martian horizontal magnetic components.Results show that the Martian horizontal magnetic components determined by the two methods are in good agreement,with the root mean square deviation less than 2.0 nT.The vertical component was also constrained through the pitch movements of the mast by assuming the interferences field distributes like a dipole field.A linear correlation between magnetic field measurements and the solar array currents was derived to calibrate the body field during the regular exploration.We conclude that more accurate measurements could be made when applying the calibration results in the magnetic survey on the surface of Mars.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830036,82220108012,82071307 and 82271362)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211552)Gusu Health Personnel Training Project(GSWS2020022 and GSWS2019030).
文摘Background Sex differences affect the occurrence,progression and regression of subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).Oestrogen plays a protective role in alleviating the vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis induced by SAH.However,whether oestrogen affects blood‒brain barrier(BBB)integrity has not been fully studied.Oestrogen has been found to regulate the sonic hedgehog(SHH)signalling pathway through the oestrogen receptor in gastric cancer and adrenal glands,and the SHH signalling pathway has an important role in maintaining the BBB by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins.In this study,we investigated the relationship between oestrogen and the SHH signalling pathway using clinical data and established an experimental SAH model to explore whether oestrogen could ameliorate BBB damage after SAH through the SHH pathway.Methods Correlations between oestrogen and the SHH pathway were analysed by patients’cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)samples and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database(GTEx).Then,an experimental rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation method and treated with oestrogen,oestrogen inhibitors and SHH signalling pathway inhibitors.Then,the effects of oestrogen on BBB damage were analysed by western blot,immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural experiments.Results ESLIA detection and correlation analysis showed that oestrogen levels in patients’CSF were positively correlated with the SHH pathway,which was further verified by GTEx gene-correlation analysis.SHH was found to be mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes in rats under physiological conditions and was upregulated by oestrogen pretreatment.In the SAH model,oestrogen pretreatment was found to reverse SAH-induced decreases in the SHH pathway,which were counteracted by oestrogen receptor inhibitors.Furthermore,oestrogen pretreatment reduced SAH-induced BBB damage,brain oedema and neurological dysfunction,which were eliminated by SHH pathway inhibitors.Conclusion In conclusion,we demonstrate here that oestrogen pretreatment ameliorates brain injury after SAH,at least in part through SHH pathway-mediated BBB protection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61571355,61801349,and 61601355)
文摘The scattering characteristics of the periodic surface of infinite and finite media are investigated in detail.The Fourier expression of the scattering field of the periodic surface is obtained in terms of Huygens’ s principle and Floquet’s theorem.Using the extended boundary condition method(EBCM) and T-matrix method, the scattering amplitude factor is solved,and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by use of the law of conservation of energy.The scattering cross section of the periodic surface in the infinitely long region is derived by improving the scattering cross section of the finite period surface.Furthermore, the effects of the incident wave parameters and the geometric structure parameters on the scattering of the periodic surface are analyzed and discussed.By reasonable approximation, the scattering calculation methods of infinite and finite long surfaces are unified.Besides, numerical results show that the dielectric constant of the periodic dielectric surface has a significant effect on the scattering rate and transmittance.The period and amplitude of the surface determine the number of scattering intensity peaks, and, together with the incident angle, influence the scattering intensity distribution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171355,61801349,and 61875156)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2020JM-192)+1 种基金the Stable Support Project of Basic Scientific Research Institutes(Nos.A131901W14,A132001W12)the Science and Technology Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment,and the 111 Project(No.B17035)。
文摘The transmission of terahertz(THz)Bessel vortex beams through a multi-layered anisotropic magnetized plasma slab is investigated by using a hybrid method of cylindrical vector wave functions(CVWFs)and Fourier transform.On the basis of the electromagnetic boundary conditions on each interface,a cascade form of expansion coefficients of the reflected and transmitted fields is obtained.Taking a double Gaussian distribution of the plasma density as an example,the influences of the applied magnetic field,the incident angle and polarization mode of the incident beams on the magnitude,OAM mode and polarization of the transmitted beams are analyzed in detail.The results indicate that the applied magnetic field has a major effect upon the polarization state of the transmitted fields but not upon the transmitted OAM spectrum.The incident angle has a powerful influence upon both the amplitude profile and the OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam.Furthermore,for multiple coaxial vortex beams,an increase of the maximum value of the plasma density causes more remarkable distortion of both the profile and OAM spectrum of the transmitted beam.This research makes a stable foundation for the THz OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing technology in a magnetized plasma environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62071359,61975158,62001377,and 61801349)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M602770)+3 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2019JQ405,2019JM-238,2020JM-192,and 2021JM-135)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(Grant No.2020JQ-331)Postdoctoral Science Foundation in Shaanxi Province and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Grant No.20JS059)the Open Foundation of Laboratory of Pinghu,Pinghu,China。
文摘The reflection and transmission of a finite-power Airy beam incident on a dielectric slab are investigated by an analytical method.Based on the plane-wave angular spectrum expansion and Fresnel approximation,the analytical expressions of the reflected field,internal field as well as transmitted field in each region are obtained.Through numerical simulations,the intensity distributions of the incident beam,reflected beam,internal beam as well as transmitted beam are presented at oblique incidence.Besides,we also compare the intensity distributions of the geometrical-optics beam field,the first order beam mode field and the actual beam field,which indicates that the contribution of each order beam mode field to the actual beam field is related to the refractive index of the dielectric slab.Meanwhile,the reflection characteristics of the Airy beams in the special cases of Brewster incidence and total reflection are investigated.Finally,the effects of the optical thickness and refractive index of the dielectric slab on the peak intensity distributions and beam shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams are also discussed in detail.The analytical and numerical results will be useful to analyze the propagation dynamics of Airy beam in the dielectric slab and provide some theoretical supports to the design of optical film.
文摘Based on the Green Development Indicator System issued by the Chinese government, this study conducted an in-depth evaluation of provincial green development in China, from 2013 to 2016. The findings of the study showed that:(1) significant regional differences existed across provinces in China regarding green development.(2) In terms of changing trends, the overall level of green development exhibited an upward trend during the years covered by our study, with a faster rising rate of development in eastern and central regions of China than in western ones.(3) In terms of spatial correlation, the spatial autocorrelation of China’s green development was evident. However, the spatial agglomeration of provincial green development gradually waned during the period in 2013–2016.(4) When it comes to drivers of spatial autocorrelation, the comparatively upward trend in the environmental field served as the main factor that drove green development from agglomeration to balance.(5) In terms of convergence, the tendency showed that less developed regions were about to catch up with leading regions in China in green development, especially as regards the dimensions of ecological protection and resource utilization.
基金This work is funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2020YFB2009503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62072130,61702223,61702220,61871140,61872420)+6 种基金the Guangdong Province Key Area R&D Program of China(No.2019B010137004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020A1515010450,2021A1515012307)Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2019)Guangdong Higher Education Innovation Group(No.2020KCXTD007)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202102020867,202102021207)Guangzhou Higher Education Innovation Group(No.202032854)Industrial Internet innovation and development project of MIIT NO.TC200H01 V.
文摘Supervisory control and data acquisition systems(SCADAs)play an important role in supervising and controlling industrial production with the help of programmable logic controllers(PLCs)in industrial control systems(ICSs).A PLC receives the control information or program from a SCADA to control the production equipment and feeds the production data back to the SCADA.Once a SCADA is controlled by an attacker,it may threaten the safety of industrial production.The lack of security protection,such as identity authentication and encryption for industrial control protocols,increases the potential security risks.In this paper,we propose a PLC protection system combined with a monitor between a SCADA and a PLC and a physically separated monitoring station.By using the PLC protection system,identity verification and command verification are separated,and both the identity of the operator and the corresponding commands are recorded.Experiments show that even if the SCADA is controlled by an attacker,our system could still protect the PLC in the field and record the identity of the key command operator,which facilitates the tracing and forensics of malicious activities.
文摘t OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4+,CD8+,and regulatory T cells.The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion,differentiation,and activation and also promotes dendritic cells to mature to enhance their cytokine production.Therefore,the use of agonistic anti-Ox40 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has gained great interest.However,most of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies in the clinic are OX40L-competitive and show limited efficacy.Here,we discovered that BGB-A445,a non-ligand-competitive agonistic anti-OX40 antibody currently under clinical investigation,induced optimal T cell activation without impairing dendritic cell function.In addition,BGB-A445 dose-dependently and significantly depleted regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.In the MC38 syngeneic model established in humanized OX40 knock-in mice,BGB-A445 demonstrated robust and dose-dependent antitumor efficacy,whereas the ligand-competitive anti-Ox40 antibody showed antitumor efficacy characterized by a hook effect.Furthermore,BGB-A445 demonstrated a strong combination antitumor effect with an anti-PD-1 antibody.Taken together,our findings show that BGB-A445,which does not block OX40-OX40L interaction in contrast to clinical-stage anti-OX40 antibodies,shows superior immune-stimulating effects and antitumor efficacy and thus warrants further clinical investigation.
文摘Some vocational and technical schools, facing every kind of crises, should have scientific forewarning and management methods to resolve these problems. After classifying the crises and analyzing the cause, this paper makes use of the modem-forewarning and management theories to discuss the forewarning and management method of the crises of the vocational and technical school.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870825)the Shenzhen Bureau of Science,Technology,and Information(JCYJ20170412110026229)+1 种基金the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2022SHIBS0003)2019 Guiyang Science and Technology Bureau,and the Guiyang First People’s Hospital,Great Health Science and Technology Cooperation Project.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.Previous studies have suggested potential changes in the complement and coagulation pathways in individuals with ASD.In this study,using multiple reactions monitoring proteomic technology,16 of the 33 proteins involved in this pathway were identified as differentially-expressed proteins in plasma between children with ASD and controls.Among them,CFHR3,C4BPB,C4BPA,CFH,C9,SERPIND1,C8A,F9,and F11 were found to be altered in the plasma of children with ASD for the first time.SERPIND1 expression was positively correlated with the CARS score.Using the machine learning method,we obtained a panel composed of 12 differentially-expressed proteins with diagnostic potential for ASD.We also reviewed the proteins changed in this pathway in the brain and blood of patients with ASD.The complement and coagulation pathways may be activated in the peripheral blood of children with ASD and play a key role in the pathogenesis of ASD.
基金funded by the Central Government Guides Local Projects of China (XZ202101YD0016C)the open funding from Tibet Joint Key Laboratory of Ecological Security (STAQ-2021T-2)+1 种基金the open funding from Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaption and Evolutionary Ecology,Yunnan University (2019DG056)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31822007 and 32071660).
