Glycosylated volatiles are considered as hidden aroma precursors that affect fruit flavor and are involved in plant defense response. Several uridine-diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferase(UGT) members related to the gl...Glycosylated volatiles are considered as hidden aroma precursors that affect fruit flavor and are involved in plant defense response. Several uridine-diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferase(UGT) members related to the glycosylation of volatiles have been identified from grapevine berries. Although grapevine leaves produced much higher levels of glycosylated volatiles than berries, UGTs responsible for the production of glycosylated volatiles in leaves have not yet been identified. Here, eight novel UGT genes were cloned, among these four members that belong to UGT85A family(named UGT85A24, UGT85A25, UGT85A26, and UGT85A27) were localized in the cytoplasm and their recombinant proteins showed activity toward volatiles detected in grapevine, with geraniol as the preferred substrate in vitro. Two UGT genes with 98.1% homology differ in R/S-linalool selection. The UGT85A26-catalyzed substrate showed enrichment in S-linalool, whereas UGT85A27 showed a strong preference for R-linalool. UGT85A24 and UGT85A25 were expressed mainly in berries, and UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 were expressed predominantly in grapevine mature leaves and correlated with the highest content of glycosylated volatiles in the mature leaves. Methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induced the expression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 as well as the production of linalyl-β-glucoside, citronellyl-β-glucoside and phenethyl-β-glucoside. Transient overexpression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 in tobacco leaves led to the accumulation of linalyl-β-glucoside and an increase in citronellyl-β-glucoside in vivo. These results indicate that the expression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 is a major regulator affecting the content of glycosylated volatiles in grapevine.展开更多
The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare...The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare. In recent years, the related technologies of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">presented by the Vehicles to Everything (V2X) technology have been developing rapidly. Utilizing the related technologies of ITS, the large-scale vehicle microscopic trajectory data with high quality can be acquired, which provides the research foundation for modeling the car-following behavior based on the data-driven methods. According to this point, a data-driven car-following model based on the Random Forest (RF) method was constructed in this work, and the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset was used to calibrate and train the constructed model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, GM model, and Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model are em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ployed to comparatively verify the proposed model. The research results suggest that the model proposed in this work can accurately describe the car-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">following behavior with better performance under multiple performance indicators.展开更多
Machine learning(ML) has been widely applied to the upper layers of wireless communication systems for various purposes, such as deployment of cognitive radio and communication network. However, its application to the...Machine learning(ML) has been widely applied to the upper layers of wireless communication systems for various purposes, such as deployment of cognitive radio and communication network. However, its application to the physical layer is hampered by sophisticated channel environments and limited learning ability of conventional ML algorithms. Deep learning(DL) has been recently applied for many fields, such as computer vision and natural language processing, given its expressive capacity and convenient optimization capability. The potential application of DL to the physical layer has also been increasingly recognized because of the new features for future communications, such as complex scenarios with unknown channel models, high speed and accurate processing requirements; these features challenge conventional communication theories. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the emerging studies on DL-based physical layer processing, including leveraging DL to redesign a module of the conventional communication system(for modulation recognition, channel decoding, and detection) and replace the communication system with a radically new architecture based on an autoencoder. These DL-based methods show promising performance improvements but have certain limitations, such as lack of solid analytical tools and use of architectures that are specifically designed for communication and implementation research, thereby motivating future research in this field.展开更多
Cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts with ultra-high current densities for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are critical to the energy crisis and environmental pollution.Herein,we report a superaero...Cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts with ultra-high current densities for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are critical to the energy crisis and environmental pollution.Herein,we report a superaerophobic three dimensional(3D)heterostructured nanowrinkles of bimetallic selenides consisting of crystalline NiSe2 and NiFe2Se4 grown on NiFe alloy(NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe)prepared by a thermal selenization procedure.In this unique 3D heterostructure,numerous nanowrinkles of NiSe2/NiFe2Se4 hybrid with a thickness of ~100 nm are grown on NiFe alloy in a uniform manner.Profiting by the large active surface area and high electronic conductivity,the superaerophobic NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability towards OER in alkaline media,outputting the low potentials of 1.53 and 1.54 V to achieve ultra-high current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm^−2,respectively,which is among the most active Ni/Fe-based selenides,and even superior to the benchmark Ir/C catalyst.The in-situ derived FeOOH and NiOOH species from NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe are deemed to be efficient active sites for OER.展开更多
Mould is an important factor which affects building environment and indoor air quality. Firstly, a variety of damages of mould contamination to human and building are reviewed. Then, the crucial factors of mould growt...Mould is an important factor which affects building environment and indoor air quality. Firstly, a variety of damages of mould contamination to human and building are reviewed. Then, the crucial factors of mould growth are analyzed;temperature and humidity are key factors. After that, the indoor mould growth models were analyzed. Heat and moisture transfer in building envelope is a key factor which affects mould growth environment;wall is sensitive to reach the critical condition which leads to mould growth and reproduction, results in contamination.展开更多
Copper-based nanomaterials demonstrate promising potential in cancer therapy.Cu^(+) efficiently triggers a Fenton-like reaction and further consumes the high level of glutathione,initiating chemical dynamic therapy(CD...Copper-based nanomaterials demonstrate promising potential in cancer therapy.Cu^(+) efficiently triggers a Fenton-like reaction and further consumes the high level of glutathione,initiating chemical dynamic therapy(CDT)and ferroptosis.Cuproptosis,a newly identified cell death modality that represents a great prospect in cancer therapy,is activated.However,active homeostatic systems rigorously keep copper levels within cells exceptionally low,which hinders the application of cooper nanomaterials-based therapy.Herein,a novel strategy of CRISPR-Cas9 RNP nanocarrier to deliver cuprous ions and suppress the expression of copper transporter protein ATP7A for maintaining a high level of copper in cytoplasmic fluid is developed.The Cu_(2)O and organosilica shell would degrade under the high level of glutathione and weak acidic environment,further releasing RNP and Cu^(+).The liberated Cut triggered a Fenton-like reaction for CDT and partially transformed to Cu^(2+),consuming intracellular GSH and initiating cuproptosis and ferroptosis efficiently.Meanwhile,the release of RNP effectively reduced the expression of copper transporter ATP7A,subsequently increasing the accumulation of cooper and enhancing the efficacy of CDT,cuproptosis,and ferroptosis.Such tumor microenvironment responsive multimodal nanoplatform opens an ingenious avenue for colorectal cancer therapy based on gene editing enhanced synergistic cuproptosis/CDT/ferroptosis.展开更多
There are a lot of quantitative performance characterisation methods for composite insulators.However,how to apply the characterisation methods with different dimensions to comprehensively assess the health state of c...There are a lot of quantitative performance characterisation methods for composite insulators.However,how to apply the characterisation methods with different dimensions to comprehensively assess the health state of composite insulators remains a big problem for operators and researchers.A comprehensive health assessment model for composite insulators based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method is proposed in this study.Fourteen composite insulators from four regions in Yunnan Province,China,and five quantitative characterisation indicators of the insulators,namely hardness,hydrophobicity,loss of hydrophobicity,recovery of hydrophobicity,and trap charge,are selected to verify the model.The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient of the TOPSIS-based comprehensive health score with operating time is 0.72,which is better than the other single indicator.By introducing the operating time into the TOPSIS-based model,we can also obtain the ageing resistance performance of the composite insulator.This work provides a new idea to assess the health state and ageing performance of composite insulators.展开更多
The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (MØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory M1-like MØs an...The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (MØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory M1-like MØs and immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. Despite the importance of these opposing biological outcomes, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the functional polarization of MØs under GM-CSF signaling remains elusive. Here, we showed that GM-CSF-induced MØ polarization resulted in the expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) and that CIS deficiency skewed the differentiation of monocytes toward immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. CIS deficiency resulted in hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway, consequently promoting downregulation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8). Loss- and gain-of-function approaches highlighted IRF8 as a critical regulator of the M1-like polarization program. In vivo, CIS deficiency induced the differentiation of M2-like macrophages, which promoted strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the development of severe experimental asthma. Collectively, our results reveal a CIS-modulated mechanism that clarifies the opposing actions of GM-CSF in MØ differentiation and uncovers the role of GM-CSF in controlling allergic inflammation.展开更多
It is crucial to ensure the adhesive quality of the interface in composite insulation equipment for power grid security.Due to viscoelasticity of silicone rubber and roughness of interface,the thickness of the local a...It is crucial to ensure the adhesive quality of the interface in composite insulation equipment for power grid security.Due to viscoelasticity of silicone rubber and roughness of interface,the thickness of the local air layer in the defective interface is<100μm.This kind of defect is called micro-debonding defect in this paper,and it is significantly smaller than the millimetre-scale air gaps which could be defected by the x-ray,THz,and traditional ultrasonic method.It remains challenging to detect the micro-debonding in composite insulation by non-destructive testing methods.In this paper,the acoustic model and bi-linear stiffness model for micro-debonding in different stages are established.Accordingly,a conjecture is proposed that the bonding property of composite insulation is related to the acoustic impedance of interface and non-linear distortion of its constitutive relation.The result obtained from numerical simulation with and without defect is compared with the high-power ultrasonic experimental data to validate the correctness of the theoretical model.In addition,it can be concluded that the non-linear distortion of high-power ultrasonic wave can be effectively used to diagnose micro-debonding defect at the interface of composite insulation in its early stage(1-20μm).展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project for New Agricultural Cultivar Breeding in Zhejiang Province (Grant No.2021C02066-6)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2020M671732)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities (Grant No.2021XZZX026)。
文摘Glycosylated volatiles are considered as hidden aroma precursors that affect fruit flavor and are involved in plant defense response. Several uridine-diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferase(UGT) members related to the glycosylation of volatiles have been identified from grapevine berries. Although grapevine leaves produced much higher levels of glycosylated volatiles than berries, UGTs responsible for the production of glycosylated volatiles in leaves have not yet been identified. Here, eight novel UGT genes were cloned, among these four members that belong to UGT85A family(named UGT85A24, UGT85A25, UGT85A26, and UGT85A27) were localized in the cytoplasm and their recombinant proteins showed activity toward volatiles detected in grapevine, with geraniol as the preferred substrate in vitro. Two UGT genes with 98.1% homology differ in R/S-linalool selection. The UGT85A26-catalyzed substrate showed enrichment in S-linalool, whereas UGT85A27 showed a strong preference for R-linalool. UGT85A24 and UGT85A25 were expressed mainly in berries, and UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 were expressed predominantly in grapevine mature leaves and correlated with the highest content of glycosylated volatiles in the mature leaves. Methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induced the expression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 as well as the production of linalyl-β-glucoside, citronellyl-β-glucoside and phenethyl-β-glucoside. Transient overexpression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 in tobacco leaves led to the accumulation of linalyl-β-glucoside and an increase in citronellyl-β-glucoside in vivo. These results indicate that the expression of UGT85A26 and UGT85A27 is a major regulator affecting the content of glycosylated volatiles in grapevine.
文摘The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare. In recent years, the related technologies of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">presented by the Vehicles to Everything (V2X) technology have been developing rapidly. Utilizing the related technologies of ITS, the large-scale vehicle microscopic trajectory data with high quality can be acquired, which provides the research foundation for modeling the car-following behavior based on the data-driven methods. According to this point, a data-driven car-following model based on the Random Forest (RF) method was constructed in this work, and the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset was used to calibrate and train the constructed model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, GM model, and Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model are em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ployed to comparatively verify the proposed model. The research results suggest that the model proposed in this work can accurately describe the car-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">following behavior with better performance under multiple performance indicators.
文摘Machine learning(ML) has been widely applied to the upper layers of wireless communication systems for various purposes, such as deployment of cognitive radio and communication network. However, its application to the physical layer is hampered by sophisticated channel environments and limited learning ability of conventional ML algorithms. Deep learning(DL) has been recently applied for many fields, such as computer vision and natural language processing, given its expressive capacity and convenient optimization capability. The potential application of DL to the physical layer has also been increasingly recognized because of the new features for future communications, such as complex scenarios with unknown channel models, high speed and accurate processing requirements; these features challenge conventional communication theories. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the emerging studies on DL-based physical layer processing, including leveraging DL to redesign a module of the conventional communication system(for modulation recognition, channel decoding, and detection) and replace the communication system with a radically new architecture based on an autoencoder. These DL-based methods show promising performance improvements but have certain limitations, such as lack of solid analytical tools and use of architectures that are specifically designed for communication and implementation research, thereby motivating future research in this field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21922811,51702284,and 21878270)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR19B060002)the Startup Foundation for Hundred-Talent Program of Zhejiang University.
文摘Cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts with ultra-high current densities for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are critical to the energy crisis and environmental pollution.Herein,we report a superaerophobic three dimensional(3D)heterostructured nanowrinkles of bimetallic selenides consisting of crystalline NiSe2 and NiFe2Se4 grown on NiFe alloy(NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe)prepared by a thermal selenization procedure.In this unique 3D heterostructure,numerous nanowrinkles of NiSe2/NiFe2Se4 hybrid with a thickness of ~100 nm are grown on NiFe alloy in a uniform manner.Profiting by the large active surface area and high electronic conductivity,the superaerophobic NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe heterostructure exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and durability towards OER in alkaline media,outputting the low potentials of 1.53 and 1.54 V to achieve ultra-high current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm^−2,respectively,which is among the most active Ni/Fe-based selenides,and even superior to the benchmark Ir/C catalyst.The in-situ derived FeOOH and NiOOH species from NiSe2/NiFe2Se4@NiFe are deemed to be efficient active sites for OER.
文摘Mould is an important factor which affects building environment and indoor air quality. Firstly, a variety of damages of mould contamination to human and building are reviewed. Then, the crucial factors of mould growth are analyzed;temperature and humidity are key factors. After that, the indoor mould growth models were analyzed. Heat and moisture transfer in building envelope is a key factor which affects mould growth environment;wall is sensitive to reach the critical condition which leads to mould growth and reproduction, results in contamination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374287,82174466,81930117)National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3500200,China)+3 种基金Key research and development projects of Ningxia(Grant No.2021BEG02040,China)Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangsu Province(BK20211390,China)Open Projects of the Discipline of Chinese Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Supported by the Subject of Academic priority discipline of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Program for Leading Talents of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jiangsu Province(SLJ0314)Blue Project of Jiangsu province.
文摘Copper-based nanomaterials demonstrate promising potential in cancer therapy.Cu^(+) efficiently triggers a Fenton-like reaction and further consumes the high level of glutathione,initiating chemical dynamic therapy(CDT)and ferroptosis.Cuproptosis,a newly identified cell death modality that represents a great prospect in cancer therapy,is activated.However,active homeostatic systems rigorously keep copper levels within cells exceptionally low,which hinders the application of cooper nanomaterials-based therapy.Herein,a novel strategy of CRISPR-Cas9 RNP nanocarrier to deliver cuprous ions and suppress the expression of copper transporter protein ATP7A for maintaining a high level of copper in cytoplasmic fluid is developed.The Cu_(2)O and organosilica shell would degrade under the high level of glutathione and weak acidic environment,further releasing RNP and Cu^(+).The liberated Cut triggered a Fenton-like reaction for CDT and partially transformed to Cu^(2+),consuming intracellular GSH and initiating cuproptosis and ferroptosis efficiently.Meanwhile,the release of RNP effectively reduced the expression of copper transporter ATP7A,subsequently increasing the accumulation of cooper and enhancing the efficacy of CDT,cuproptosis,and ferroptosis.Such tumor microenvironment responsive multimodal nanoplatform opens an ingenious avenue for colorectal cancer therapy based on gene editing enhanced synergistic cuproptosis/CDT/ferroptosis.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0901300National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U1966210Shanghai Sailing Program,Grant/Award Number:22YF1450300。
文摘There are a lot of quantitative performance characterisation methods for composite insulators.However,how to apply the characterisation methods with different dimensions to comprehensively assess the health state of composite insulators remains a big problem for operators and researchers.A comprehensive health assessment model for composite insulators based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method is proposed in this study.Fourteen composite insulators from four regions in Yunnan Province,China,and five quantitative characterisation indicators of the insulators,namely hardness,hydrophobicity,loss of hydrophobicity,recovery of hydrophobicity,and trap charge,are selected to verify the model.The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient of the TOPSIS-based comprehensive health score with operating time is 0.72,which is better than the other single indicator.By introducing the operating time into the TOPSIS-based model,we can also obtain the ageing resistance performance of the composite insulator.This work provides a new idea to assess the health state and ageing performance of composite insulators.
基金supported by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(NHMRC)grants(1037321,1105209,1143976,1150425,1080321,1196335,5575500,1054925,and 1048278)an NHMRC Independent Research Institutes Infrastructure Support Scheme grant(361646)a Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support grant.JB was supported by the Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation.
文摘The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (MØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory M1-like MØs and immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. Despite the importance of these opposing biological outcomes, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the functional polarization of MØs under GM-CSF signaling remains elusive. Here, we showed that GM-CSF-induced MØ polarization resulted in the expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) and that CIS deficiency skewed the differentiation of monocytes toward immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. CIS deficiency resulted in hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway, consequently promoting downregulation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8). Loss- and gain-of-function approaches highlighted IRF8 as a critical regulator of the M1-like polarization program. In vivo, CIS deficiency induced the differentiation of M2-like macrophages, which promoted strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the development of severe experimental asthma. Collectively, our results reveal a CIS-modulated mechanism that clarifies the opposing actions of GM-CSF in MØ differentiation and uncovers the role of GM-CSF in controlling allergic inflammation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.51707020].
文摘It is crucial to ensure the adhesive quality of the interface in composite insulation equipment for power grid security.Due to viscoelasticity of silicone rubber and roughness of interface,the thickness of the local air layer in the defective interface is<100μm.This kind of defect is called micro-debonding defect in this paper,and it is significantly smaller than the millimetre-scale air gaps which could be defected by the x-ray,THz,and traditional ultrasonic method.It remains challenging to detect the micro-debonding in composite insulation by non-destructive testing methods.In this paper,the acoustic model and bi-linear stiffness model for micro-debonding in different stages are established.Accordingly,a conjecture is proposed that the bonding property of composite insulation is related to the acoustic impedance of interface and non-linear distortion of its constitutive relation.The result obtained from numerical simulation with and without defect is compared with the high-power ultrasonic experimental data to validate the correctness of the theoretical model.In addition,it can be concluded that the non-linear distortion of high-power ultrasonic wave can be effectively used to diagnose micro-debonding defect at the interface of composite insulation in its early stage(1-20μm).
