In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and ...In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and external operating environment. It combines the two factors, contingency likelihood and severity, that determine system reliability, into risk indices on different loads and operation modes, which provide precise evaluation of the power grid＇s security performance. According to these indices, it can know the vulnerable area of the system and whether the normal operating mode or repair mode is over-limited or not, and provide decision-making support for dispatchers. Common cause outages and equipment-aging are considered in terms of the establishment of outage model. Multiple risk indices are defined in order to reflect the risk level of the power grid more comprehensively.展开更多
Phosphorus(P) is one of the essential elements for growth and development of crops.Modern agriculture depends heavily on the application of large amounts of fertilizers,including P fertilizers.Excessive application of...Phosphorus(P) is one of the essential elements for growth and development of crops.Modern agriculture depends heavily on the application of large amounts of fertilizers,including P fertilizers.Excessive application of P fertilizers causes severe environmental pollution.Additionally,phosphate(Pi) mining is a non-renewable resource(Raghothama,1999).展开更多
文摘In this paper, online security warning and risk assessment of power grid are proposed, based on data from EMS （Energy Management System）, combined with information of real-time operation state, component status and external operating environment. It combines the two factors, contingency likelihood and severity, that determine system reliability, into risk indices on different loads and operation modes, which provide precise evaluation of the power grid＇s security performance. According to these indices, it can know the vulnerable area of the system and whether the normal operating mode or repair mode is over-limited or not, and provide decision-making support for dispatchers. Common cause outages and equipment-aging are considered in terms of the establishment of outage model. Multiple risk indices are defined in order to reflect the risk level of the power grid more comprehensively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372024)the Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research (2019B030302006)。
文摘Phosphorus(P) is one of the essential elements for growth and development of crops.Modern agriculture depends heavily on the application of large amounts of fertilizers,including P fertilizers.Excessive application of P fertilizers causes severe environmental pollution.Additionally,phosphate(Pi) mining is a non-renewable resource(Raghothama,1999).
