Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shorta...Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shortage of petroleum resources,we are leading the practices of petroleum deep exploitation.Obviously,the risk of damage to the natural environment from these activities is high.Oil contamination in soils and groundwater is becoming a big issue along with pesticide pollution,which makes organic pollution prevention and control (OPPC) much more complex.In this paper,based on recent research on oil-contaminated soil at home and abroad,we make comments on the remediation technologies for polluted soil,emphasizing bioremediation techniques and degradation mechanisms in order to push forward research into bound organic pollution prevention and control (OPPC),especially in China.展开更多
It is estimated that an installed capacity of thermal power units with desulphurization equipment will come up to 40-50 GW by the end of 2020, which affords a good opportunity for opening up and development of the mar...It is estimated that an installed capacity of thermal power units with desulphurization equipment will come up to 40-50 GW by the end of 2020, which affords a good opportunity for opening up and development of the market of the by-product gypsum from thermal power desulphurization. Therefore, it is necessary to research the present situation and restrictive factors in the comprehensive utilization of FGD gypsum.展开更多
The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain,severe pollu-tion in cities,and regional air pollution.High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfu...The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain,severe pollu-tion in cities,and regional air pollution.High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides(SO2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),and fine particulates.Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country.This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles,and investi-gates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.展开更多
As an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound(VOC), m-xylene has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. In this study, effects of aluminium dust seeds...As an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound(VOC), m-xylene has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. In this study, effects of aluminium dust seeds(boehmite and alumina) on SOA yield and aerosol size in m-xylene/NOx photo-oxidation were investigated in a 2 m3 smog chamber at 30°C and 50% relative humidity. Compared to the seed-free system, the presence of aluminium seeds resulted in an increase in the SOA yield, and also enhanced the O3 concentration in the chamber. The photolysis of O3 is a major source of OH radical, which is the most important oxidant of m-xylene. The increase in O3 concentration could result in the generation of more OH radicals, and finally contribute to the SOA formation. Seed particles influence the SOA size mainly by acting as condensation nuclei. Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs) were condensed onto these nuclei, resulting in the increase in SOA size. However, when aluminium seeds with high concentrations were introduced into the system, SVOCs that had been condensed onto each particle were dispersed by these seeds, leading to the reduction in aerosol size.展开更多
Oxidation of sulfite is an important process in wet flue gas desulfurization.Using highly purified water or distilled water as a reaction medium and a transparent or an opaque intermittent reaction apparatus,the intri...Oxidation of sulfite is an important process in wet flue gas desulfurization.Using highly purified water or distilled water as a reaction medium and a transparent or an opaque intermittent reaction apparatus,the intrinsic oxidation kinetics of sulfite catalyzed by peracetic acid was investigated under four dif-ferent conditions.The reaction order of the reagents and the activation energy were obtained.The re-sults indicate that water quality and light have no obvious effects on the reaction order and activation energy,but have an influence on the reaction rate constant.The mechanism of the intrinsic reaction is proposed.The results derived with this mechanism are in good agreement with the experimental re-sults.展开更多
This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing,using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year.It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM_(10),SO_(2) and ...This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing,using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year.It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM_(10),SO_(2) and NO_(x) related to energy utilization in eight areas of Beijing.The air quality model was adopted to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of each pollutant concentration in the eight urban areas.Their emission,concentration distribution,and sectoral share responsibility rate were analyzed,and air quality in 2008 was predicted.The industrial sector contributed above 40% of primary PM_(10) and SO_(2) resulting from energy consumption,while vehicles accounted for about 65% of NO_(x).According to the current policy and development trend,air quality in the eight urban areas could become better in 2008 when the average concentrations of primary PM_(10),SO_(2) and NO_(2) related to energy utilization at each monitored site are predicted to be about 25,50 and 51μg/m^(3),respectively.展开更多
A highly effective Ag-A_(2)O_(3) catalyst was pre-pared using the in-situ sol-gel method,and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microsco...A highly effective Ag-A_(2)O_(3) catalyst was pre-pared using the in-situ sol-gel method,and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)techniques.The catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline engine.Only unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant(without any external reductant),the maximum NO_(x) conversion could only reach 40% at 450°C.When an external reductant,ethanol was added,the average NO_(x) con-version was greater than 60%.At exhaust gas temperature range of 350-500°C,the maximum NO_(x) conversion reached about 90%.CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-_(2)O_(3) oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR converter.However,NOx conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NOx again.The possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes,nitration,and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-Al_(2)O_(3).展开更多
基金supports from the New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education (NCET-09-0765)the China Scholarship of Council (2009644509)the Natural Scientific Funds of China (40973064)
文摘Along with the rapid development of oil industries internationally,petroleum prospecting and exploitation activities are growing intensively.Especially in China,with the fastest economic growth in the world and shortage of petroleum resources,we are leading the practices of petroleum deep exploitation.Obviously,the risk of damage to the natural environment from these activities is high.Oil contamination in soils and groundwater is becoming a big issue along with pesticide pollution,which makes organic pollution prevention and control (OPPC) much more complex.In this paper,based on recent research on oil-contaminated soil at home and abroad,we make comments on the remediation technologies for polluted soil,emphasizing bioremediation techniques and degradation mechanisms in order to push forward research into bound organic pollution prevention and control (OPPC),especially in China.
文摘It is estimated that an installed capacity of thermal power units with desulphurization equipment will come up to 40-50 GW by the end of 2020, which affords a good opportunity for opening up and development of the market of the by-product gypsum from thermal power desulphurization. Therefore, it is necessary to research the present situation and restrictive factors in the comprehensive utilization of FGD gypsum.
文摘The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain,severe pollu-tion in cities,and regional air pollution.High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides(SO2),nitrogen oxides(NOx),and fine particulates.Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country.This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles,and investi-gates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41305116)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB403401)the Specific Team Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(Grant No.2010Z002)
文摘As an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound(VOC), m-xylene has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. In this study, effects of aluminium dust seeds(boehmite and alumina) on SOA yield and aerosol size in m-xylene/NOx photo-oxidation were investigated in a 2 m3 smog chamber at 30°C and 50% relative humidity. Compared to the seed-free system, the presence of aluminium seeds resulted in an increase in the SOA yield, and also enhanced the O3 concentration in the chamber. The photolysis of O3 is a major source of OH radical, which is the most important oxidant of m-xylene. The increase in O3 concentration could result in the generation of more OH radicals, and finally contribute to the SOA formation. Seed particles influence the SOA size mainly by acting as condensation nuclei. Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs) were condensed onto these nuclei, resulting in the increase in SOA size. However, when aluminium seeds with high concentrations were introduced into the system, SVOCs that had been condensed onto each particle were dispersed by these seeds, leading to the reduction in aerosol size.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. JK00020)the Doctor Research Fund from North China Electric Power University (Grant No. 200612008)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA061703)
文摘Oxidation of sulfite is an important process in wet flue gas desulfurization.Using highly purified water or distilled water as a reaction medium and a transparent or an opaque intermittent reaction apparatus,the intrinsic oxidation kinetics of sulfite catalyzed by peracetic acid was investigated under four dif-ferent conditions.The reaction order of the reagents and the activation energy were obtained.The re-sults indicate that water quality and light have no obvious effects on the reaction order and activation energy,but have an influence on the reaction rate constant.The mechanism of the intrinsic reaction is proposed.The results derived with this mechanism are in good agreement with the experimental re-sults.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of the World Bank and Global Environment Facility(Grant No.60K04772).
文摘This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing,using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year.It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM_(10),SO_(2) and NO_(x) related to energy utilization in eight areas of Beijing.The air quality model was adopted to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of each pollutant concentration in the eight urban areas.Their emission,concentration distribution,and sectoral share responsibility rate were analyzed,and air quality in 2008 was predicted.The industrial sector contributed above 40% of primary PM_(10) and SO_(2) resulting from energy consumption,while vehicles accounted for about 65% of NO_(x).According to the current policy and development trend,air quality in the eight urban areas could become better in 2008 when the average concentrations of primary PM_(10),SO_(2) and NO_(2) related to energy utilization at each monitored site are predicted to be about 25,50 and 51μg/m^(3),respectively.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China(Grant Nos.20507012 and 20437010)the National High-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(Grant No.2003AA642030)。
文摘A highly effective Ag-A_(2)O_(3) catalyst was pre-pared using the in-situ sol-gel method,and characterized by surface area using nitrogen adsorption,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)techniques.The catalyst performance was tested on a real lean-burn gasoline engine.Only unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust were directly used as reductant(without any external reductant),the maximum NO_(x) conversion could only reach 40% at 450°C.When an external reductant,ethanol was added,the average NO_(x) con-version was greater than 60%.At exhaust gas temperature range of 350-500°C,the maximum NO_(x) conversion reached about 90%.CO and HC could be efficiently oxidized with Pt-_(2)O_(3) oxidation catalyst placed at the end of SCR converter.However,NOx conversion drastically decreased because of the oxidation of some intermediates to NOx again.The possible reaction mechanism was proposed as two typical processes,nitration,and reduction in HC-SCR over Ag-Al_(2)O_(3).
