Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluat...Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluates various regional block techniques used to reduce post-operative pain, and minimize hospital stays in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel regional anaesthesia techniques in an enhanced recovery context, and to assess their role in preventing or reducing chronic pain.展开更多
In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parame...In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.展开更多
Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational...Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.展开更多
Objective Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)could cause damage to pancreaticβ-cells,rendering them susceptible to oxidative damage.Hence,investigating the potential of the mitochondriatargeted antioxidant(M...Objective Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)could cause damage to pancreaticβ-cells,rendering them susceptible to oxidative damage.Hence,investigating the potential of the mitochondriatargeted antioxidant(Mito-TEMPO)to protect pancreaticβ-cells from ferroptosis by mitigating lipid peroxidation becomes crucial.Methods MIN6 cells were cultured in vitro with 100μmol/L sodium palmitate(SP)to simulate diabetes.FerroOrange was utilized for the detection of Fe2+fluorescence staining,BODIPY581/591C11 for lipid reactive oxygen species,and MitoSox-Red for mtROS.Alterations in mitophagy levels were assessed through the co-localization of lysosomal and mitochondrial fluorescence.Western blotting was employed to quantify protein levels of Acsl4,GPX4,FSP1,FE,PINK1,Parkin,TOMM20,P62,and LC3.Subsequently,interventions were implemented using Mito-TEMPO and Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP)to observe changes in ferroptosis and mitophagy within MIN6 cells.Results We found that SP induced a dose-dependent increase in Fe2+and lipid ROS in MIN6 cells while decreasing the expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins.Through bioinformatics analysis,it has been uncovered that mitophagy assumes a crucial role within the ferroptosis pathway associated with diabetes.Additionally,SP decreased the expression of mitophagy-related proteins PINK1 and Parkin,leading to mtROS overproduction.Conversely,Mito-TEMPO effectively eliminated mtROS while activating the mitophagy pathways involving PINK1 and Parkin,thereby reducing the occurrence of ferroptosis in MIN6 cells.CCCP also demonstrated efficacy in reducing ferroptosis in MIN6 cells.Conclusion In summary,Mito-TEMPO proved effective in attenuating mtROS production and initiating mitophagy pathways mediated by PINK1 and Parkin in MIN6 cells.Consequently,this decreased iron overload and lipid peroxidation,ultimately safeguarding the cells from ferroptosis.展开更多
Objective:Several studies have been conducted on the effects and toxicity of adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracilbased or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy(CRT)regimens as significantly increasing the toxic response ...Objective:Several studies have been conducted on the effects and toxicity of adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracilbased or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy(CRT)regimens as significantly increasing the toxic response without benefit to survival.In this study,we further explored the role of these two postoperative CRT regimens in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.Methods:This study was a subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial.A total of 180 patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer were eligible,85 received capecitabine with radiotherapy(RT),and 95 received capecitabine and oxaliplatin with RT.Patients in both groups received adjuvant chemotherapy[capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX);or fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX)]after CRT.Results:At a median follow-up of 59.2[interquartile range(IQR),34.0−96.8]months,the three-year diseasefree survival(DFS)was 53.3%and 64.9%in the control group and the experimental group,respectively[hazard ratio(HR),0.63;95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.41−0.98;P=0.04].There was no significant difference between the groups in overall survival(OS)(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.37−1.05;P=0.07),the incidence of locoregional recurrence(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.24−1.64;P=0.33),the incidence of distant metastasis(HR,0.67;95%CI,0.42−1.06;P=0.09)and grade 3−4 acute toxicities(P=0.78).For patients with survival longer than 3 years,the conditional overall survival(COS)was significantly better in the experimental group(HR,0.39;95%CI,0.16−0.96;P=0.03).Conclusions:Our results indicated that adding oxaliplatin to capecitabine-based postoperative CRT is safe and effective in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.展开更多
Some rock joints exhibit significant brittleness,characterized by a sharp decrease in shear stress upon reaching the peak strength.However,existing models often fail to accurately represent this behavior and are encum...Some rock joints exhibit significant brittleness,characterized by a sharp decrease in shear stress upon reaching the peak strength.However,existing models often fail to accurately represent this behavior and are encumbered by numerous parameters lacking clear mechanical significance.This study presents a new statistical damage constitutive model rooted in both damage mechanics and statistics,containing only three model parameters.The proposed model encompasses all stages of joint shearing,including the compaction stage,linear stage,plastic yielding stage,drop stage,strain softening stage,and residual strength stage.To derive the analytical expression of the constitutive model,three boundary conditions are introduced.Experimental data from both natural and artificial rock joints is utilized to validate the model,resulting in average absolute relative errors ranging from 3%to 8%.Moreover,a comparative analysis with established models illustrates that the proposed model captures stress drop and post-peak strain softening more effectively,with model parameters possessing clearer mechanical interpretations.Furthermore,parameter analysis is conducted to investigate the impacts of model parameters on the curves and unveil the relationship between these parameters and the mechanical properties of rock joints.Importantly,the proposed model is straightforward in form,and all model parameters can be obtained from direct shear tests,thus facilitating the utilization in numerical simulations.展开更多
Ammonia plays a crucial role in contemporary society,impacting medicine,agriculture,and the chemical industry.The conventional industrial synthesis of NH_(3) through the Haber-Bosch technique,carried out under severe ...Ammonia plays a crucial role in contemporary society,impacting medicine,agriculture,and the chemical industry.The conventional industrial synthesis of NH_(3) through the Haber-Bosch technique,carried out under severe reaction conditions,leads to substantial energy consumption and environmental pollution.It is thus imperative for NH_(3) synthesis methods to be investigated under more favorable conditions.Synthesis of ammonia by electrocatalysis can effectively reduce the environmental damage and other urgent problems,which is a promising solution.Metal-nitrogen series batteries(M-N batteries),such as metal-nitrogen gas batteries,metal-nitrogen oxide batteries and metal-oxynitride batteries have been regarded recently as an exemplar of concurrent NH_(3) synthesis and energy production.Nonetheless,the large-scale application of these batteries is still limited by numerous challenges are currently existing in building high-efficiency M-N batteries,including poor Faradic efficiency and low NH_(3) yield.Therefore,a comprehensive overview of M-N batteries is offered,specifically focusing on advanced strategies for designing highly efficient cathode catalysts in anticipation of future developments.The metal anodes,cathodic electro-reduction reactions,and design principles are encompassed in the discussion,offering detailed insights to enhance understanding.Mechanisms,feasibility analyses,technoeconomic assessments,device combinations,and comparative evaluations are delved into in the review,contributing to a thorough comprehension of diverse systems and their application potential.Perspectives and opportunities for future research directions are also delineated.展开更多
Background:Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders but have a short onset of action in response to traumatic brain injury(TBI).However,the heterogeneity,multifunctionality,and time-dependent modulatio...Background:Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders but have a short onset of action in response to traumatic brain injury(TBI).However,the heterogeneity,multifunctionality,and time-dependent modulation of brain damage and outcome mediated by neutrophils after TBI remain poorly understood.Methods:Using the combined single-cell transcriptomics,metabolomics,and proteomics analysis from TBI patients and the TBI mouse model,we investigate a novel neutrophil phenotype and its associated effects on TBI outcome by neurological deficit scoring and behavioral tests.We also characterized the underlying mechanisms both invitro and invivo through molecular simulations,signaling detections,gene expression regulation assessments[including dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays],primary cultures or co-cultures of neutrophils and oligodendrocytes,intracellular iron,and lipid hydroperoxide concentration measurements,as well as forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)conditional knockout mice.Results:We identified that high expression of the FOXO1 protein was induced in neutrophils after TBI both in TBI patients and the TBI mouse model.Infiltration of these FOXO1high neutrophils in the brain was detected not only in the acute phase but also in the chronic phase post-TBI,aggravating acute brain inflammatory damage and promoting late TBI-induced depression.In the acute stage,FOXO1 upregulated cytoplasmic Versican(VCAN)to interact with the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)-associated X protein(BAX),suppressing the mitochondrial translocation of BAX,which mediated the antiapoptotic effect companied with enhancing interleukin-6(IL-6)production of FOXO1high neutrophils.In the chronic stage,the“FOXO1-transferrin receptor(TFRC)”mechanism contributes to FOXO1high neutrophil ferroptosis,disturbing the iron homeostasis of oligodendrocytes and inducing a reduction in myelin basic protein,which contributes to the progression of late depression after TBI.Conclusions:FOXO1high neutrophils represent a novel neutrophil phenotype that emerges in response to acute and chronic TBI,which provides insight into the heterogeneity,reprogramming activity,and versatility of neutrophils in TBI.展开更多
Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are the major contributors to the global burden of disease and current treatments show limited efficacy.Patients often suffer chronic pain and might eventually have to undergo e...Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are the major contributors to the global burden of disease and current treatments show limited efficacy.Patients often suffer chronic pain and might eventually have to undergo end-stage surgery.Therefore,future treatments should focus on early detection and intervention of regional lesions.Microrobots have been gradually used in organisms due to their advantages of intelligent,precise and minimally invasive targeted delivery.Through the combination of control and imaging systems,microrobots with good biosafety can be delivered to the desired area for treatment.In the musculoskeletal system,microrobots are mainly utilized to transport stem cells/drugs or to remove hazardous substances from the body.Compared to traditional biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies,active motion improves the efficiency and penetration of local targeting of cells/drugs.This review discusses the frontier applications of microrobotic systems in different tissues of the musculoskeletal system.We summarize the challenges and barriers that hinder clinical translation by evaluating the characteristics of different microrobots and finally point out the future direction of microrobots in the musculoskeletal system.展开更多
Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena.Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio fre...Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena.Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives.Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of production.However,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods.Three-dimensional(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices.Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions.Two-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin.It offers unprecedented abilities,e.g.alignment-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures.In this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging.As the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the field.By leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effe...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effects at the zinc anode interface in aqueous electrolytes seriously hinder the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,we report a critical solvation strategy to achieve reversible zinc electrochemistry by introducing a small polar molecule acetonitrile to form a“catcher”to arrest active molecules(bound water molecules).The stable solvation structure of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is capable of maintaining and completely inhibiting free water molecules.When[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is partially desolvated in the Helmholtz outer layer,the separated active molecules will be arrested by the“catcher”formed by the strong hydrogen bond N-H bond,ensuring the stable desolvation of Zn^(2+).The Zn||Zn symmetric battery can stably cycle for 2250 h at 1 mAh cm^(-2),Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full battery achieved a capacity retention rate of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).This paper proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient...Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.展开更多
Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)),as a promising candidate for CO_(2)hydrogenation to C_(1) products,often suffers from sintering and activity decline,closely related to the undesirable structural evolution under reaction con...Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)),as a promising candidate for CO_(2)hydrogenation to C_(1) products,often suffers from sintering and activity decline,closely related to the undesirable structural evolution under reaction conditions.Based on the comprehension of the dynamic evolution,this study presents an efficient strategy to alleviate the agglomeration of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles by the surface decoration with highly dispersed silica species(SiO_(x)).Various structural characterizations combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the sintering resulted from the over-reduction,while the enhanced stability originated from the anchoring effect of highly stable In-OSi bonds,which hinders the substantial formation of metallic In(In^(0))and the subsequent agglomeration.0.6Si/In_(2)O_(3)exhibited CO_(2)conversion rate of10.0 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)at steady state vs.3.5 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)on In_(2)O_(3)in CO_(2)hydrogenation.Enhanced steady-state activity was also achieved on Pd-modified catalysts.Compared to the traditional Pd/In_(2)O_(3)catalyst,the methanol production rate of Pd catalyst supported on 0.6Si/In_(2)O_(3)was enhanced by 23%,showing the potential of In_(2)O_(3)modified by SiO_(x)in serving as a platform material.This work provides a promising method to design new In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts with improved activity and stability in CO_(2)hydrogenation.展开更多
Post-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks.Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments,leading to low ...Post-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks.Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments,leading to low rescue efficiency.The multimodal electronic skin(e-skin)proposed not only reproduces the pressure,temperature,and humidity sensing capabilities of natural skin but also develops sensing functions beyond it—perceiving object proximity and NO2 gas.Its multilayer stacked structure based on Ecoflex and organohydrogel endows the e-skin with mechanical properties similar to natural skin.Rescue robots integrated with multimodal e-skin and artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms show strong environmental perception capabilities and can accurately distinguish objects and identify human limbs through grasping,laying the foundation for automated post-earthquake rescue.Besides,the combination of e-skin and NO2 wireless alarm circuits allows robots to sense toxic gases in the environment in real time,thereby adopting appropriate measures to protect trapped people from the toxic environment.Multimodal e-skin powered by AI algorithms and hardware circuits exhibits powerful environmental perception and information processing capabilities,which,as an interface for interaction with the physical world,dramatically expands intelligent robots’application scenarios.展开更多
Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it ...Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered highly promising as next-generation energy storage systems due to high theoretical capacity(2600 Wh kg^(-1))and energy density(1675 mA h g^(-1))as well as the abundant natu...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered highly promising as next-generation energy storage systems due to high theoretical capacity(2600 Wh kg^(-1))and energy density(1675 mA h g^(-1))as well as the abundant natural reserves,low cost of elemental sulfur,and environmentally friendly properties.However,several challenges impede its commercialization including low conductivity of sulfur itself,the severe“shuttle effect”caused by lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)during charge–discharge processes,volume expansion effects and sluggish reaction kinetics.As a solution,polar metal particles and their compounds have been introduced as the main hosts for sulfur cathode due to their robust catalytic activity and adsorption capability,effectively suppressing the“shuttle effect”of Li PSs.Bimetallic alloys and their compounds with multi-functional properties exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance more readily when compared to single-metal materials.Well-designed bimetallic materials demonstrate larger specific surface areas and richer active sites,enabling simultaneous high adsorption capability and strong catalytic properties.The synergistic effect of the“adsorption-catalysis”sites accelerates the adsorptiondiffusion-conversion process of Li PSs,ultimately achieving a long-lasting Li-S battery.Herein,the latest progress and performance of bimetallic materials in cathodes,separators,and interlayers of Li-S batteries are systematically reviewed.Firstly,the principles and challenges of Li-S batteries are briefly analyzed.Then,various mechanisms for suppressing“shuttle effects”of Li PSs are emphasized at the microscale.Subsequently,the performance parameters of various bimetallic materials are comprehensively summarized,and some improvement strategies are proposed based on these findings.Finally,the future prospects of bimetallic materials are discussed,with the hope of providing profound insights for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance bimetallic materials for LSBs.展开更多
In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth ore leaching,the migration characteristics of the wetting front in multi-hole injection holes and the influence of wetting front intersection effect on the migration distanc...In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth ore leaching,the migration characteristics of the wetting front in multi-hole injection holes and the influence of wetting front intersection effect on the migration distance of wetting fronts are still unclear.Besides,wetting front migration distance and leaching time are usually required to optimize the leaching process.In this study,wetting front migration tests of ionadsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection(the spacing between injection holes was 10 cm,12 cm and 14 cm)and single-hole fluid injection were completed under the constant water head height.At the pre-intersection stage,the wetting front migration laws of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection and single-hole fluid injection were identical.At the postintersection stage,the intersection accelerated the wetting front migration.By using the Darcy’s law,the intersection effect of wetting fronts during the multi-hole liquid injection was transformed into the water head height directly above the intersection.Finally,based on the Green-Ampt model,a wetting front migration model of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole unsaturated liquid injection was established.Error analysis results showed that the proposed model can accurately simulate the infiltration process under experimental conditions.The research results enrich the infiltration law and theory of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole liquid injection,and this study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the liquid injection well pattern parameters of ion-adsorption rare earth in situ leaching in the future.展开更多
文摘Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluates various regional block techniques used to reduce post-operative pain, and minimize hospital stays in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel regional anaesthesia techniques in an enhanced recovery context, and to assess their role in preventing or reducing chronic pain.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52103360)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2020A1515111104)+1 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2018B090905002)the technical support of Sinoma Institute of Materials Research (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. (China)。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11972046,12272001)the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.2108085Y02)+1 种基金Anhui University of Science and Technology Postgraduate Innovation Fund(Grant No.2022CX2108)the authors would like to thank these foundations for the financial supports.
文摘In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41975137,42175012,and 41475097)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFF0300103).
文摘Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Tackling Programme Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2021AB030).
文摘Objective Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)could cause damage to pancreaticβ-cells,rendering them susceptible to oxidative damage.Hence,investigating the potential of the mitochondriatargeted antioxidant(Mito-TEMPO)to protect pancreaticβ-cells from ferroptosis by mitigating lipid peroxidation becomes crucial.Methods MIN6 cells were cultured in vitro with 100μmol/L sodium palmitate(SP)to simulate diabetes.FerroOrange was utilized for the detection of Fe2+fluorescence staining,BODIPY581/591C11 for lipid reactive oxygen species,and MitoSox-Red for mtROS.Alterations in mitophagy levels were assessed through the co-localization of lysosomal and mitochondrial fluorescence.Western blotting was employed to quantify protein levels of Acsl4,GPX4,FSP1,FE,PINK1,Parkin,TOMM20,P62,and LC3.Subsequently,interventions were implemented using Mito-TEMPO and Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP)to observe changes in ferroptosis and mitophagy within MIN6 cells.Results We found that SP induced a dose-dependent increase in Fe2+and lipid ROS in MIN6 cells while decreasing the expression levels of GPX4 and FSP1 proteins.Through bioinformatics analysis,it has been uncovered that mitophagy assumes a crucial role within the ferroptosis pathway associated with diabetes.Additionally,SP decreased the expression of mitophagy-related proteins PINK1 and Parkin,leading to mtROS overproduction.Conversely,Mito-TEMPO effectively eliminated mtROS while activating the mitophagy pathways involving PINK1 and Parkin,thereby reducing the occurrence of ferroptosis in MIN6 cells.CCCP also demonstrated efficacy in reducing ferroptosis in MIN6 cells.Conclusion In summary,Mito-TEMPO proved effective in attenuating mtROS production and initiating mitophagy pathways mediated by PINK1 and Parkin in MIN6 cells.Consequently,this decreased iron overload and lipid peroxidation,ultimately safeguarding the cells from ferroptosis.
基金supported by grants from Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202211030)the Science and Technology Department Basic Research Project of Shanxi(No.202203021221284)。
文摘Objective:Several studies have been conducted on the effects and toxicity of adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracilbased or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy(CRT)regimens as significantly increasing the toxic response without benefit to survival.In this study,we further explored the role of these two postoperative CRT regimens in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.Methods:This study was a subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial.A total of 180 patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer were eligible,85 received capecitabine with radiotherapy(RT),and 95 received capecitabine and oxaliplatin with RT.Patients in both groups received adjuvant chemotherapy[capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX);or fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX)]after CRT.Results:At a median follow-up of 59.2[interquartile range(IQR),34.0−96.8]months,the three-year diseasefree survival(DFS)was 53.3%and 64.9%in the control group and the experimental group,respectively[hazard ratio(HR),0.63;95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.41−0.98;P=0.04].There was no significant difference between the groups in overall survival(OS)(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.37−1.05;P=0.07),the incidence of locoregional recurrence(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.24−1.64;P=0.33),the incidence of distant metastasis(HR,0.67;95%CI,0.42−1.06;P=0.09)and grade 3−4 acute toxicities(P=0.78).For patients with survival longer than 3 years,the conditional overall survival(COS)was significantly better in the experimental group(HR,0.39;95%CI,0.16−0.96;P=0.03).Conclusions:Our results indicated that adding oxaliplatin to capecitabine-based postoperative CRT is safe and effective in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41972266)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0006).
文摘Some rock joints exhibit significant brittleness,characterized by a sharp decrease in shear stress upon reaching the peak strength.However,existing models often fail to accurately represent this behavior and are encumbered by numerous parameters lacking clear mechanical significance.This study presents a new statistical damage constitutive model rooted in both damage mechanics and statistics,containing only three model parameters.The proposed model encompasses all stages of joint shearing,including the compaction stage,linear stage,plastic yielding stage,drop stage,strain softening stage,and residual strength stage.To derive the analytical expression of the constitutive model,three boundary conditions are introduced.Experimental data from both natural and artificial rock joints is utilized to validate the model,resulting in average absolute relative errors ranging from 3%to 8%.Moreover,a comparative analysis with established models illustrates that the proposed model captures stress drop and post-peak strain softening more effectively,with model parameters possessing clearer mechanical interpretations.Furthermore,parameter analysis is conducted to investigate the impacts of model parameters on the curves and unveil the relationship between these parameters and the mechanical properties of rock joints.Importantly,the proposed model is straightforward in form,and all model parameters can be obtained from direct shear tests,thus facilitating the utilization in numerical simulations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (22179065)Tianjin Graduate Research and Innovation Project (2022BKY018)。
文摘Ammonia plays a crucial role in contemporary society,impacting medicine,agriculture,and the chemical industry.The conventional industrial synthesis of NH_(3) through the Haber-Bosch technique,carried out under severe reaction conditions,leads to substantial energy consumption and environmental pollution.It is thus imperative for NH_(3) synthesis methods to be investigated under more favorable conditions.Synthesis of ammonia by electrocatalysis can effectively reduce the environmental damage and other urgent problems,which is a promising solution.Metal-nitrogen series batteries(M-N batteries),such as metal-nitrogen gas batteries,metal-nitrogen oxide batteries and metal-oxynitride batteries have been regarded recently as an exemplar of concurrent NH_(3) synthesis and energy production.Nonetheless,the large-scale application of these batteries is still limited by numerous challenges are currently existing in building high-efficiency M-N batteries,including poor Faradic efficiency and low NH_(3) yield.Therefore,a comprehensive overview of M-N batteries is offered,specifically focusing on advanced strategies for designing highly efficient cathode catalysts in anticipation of future developments.The metal anodes,cathodic electro-reduction reactions,and design principles are encompassed in the discussion,offering detailed insights to enhance understanding.Mechanisms,feasibility analyses,technoeconomic assessments,device combinations,and comparative evaluations are delved into in the review,contributing to a thorough comprehension of diverse systems and their application potential.Perspectives and opportunities for future research directions are also delineated.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071779 and 81901626)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China,the grants from the Talent Foundation of Army Medical University(to Shuang-Shuang Dai)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Grant(ALJ22J003)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0177).
文摘Background:Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders but have a short onset of action in response to traumatic brain injury(TBI).However,the heterogeneity,multifunctionality,and time-dependent modulation of brain damage and outcome mediated by neutrophils after TBI remain poorly understood.Methods:Using the combined single-cell transcriptomics,metabolomics,and proteomics analysis from TBI patients and the TBI mouse model,we investigate a novel neutrophil phenotype and its associated effects on TBI outcome by neurological deficit scoring and behavioral tests.We also characterized the underlying mechanisms both invitro and invivo through molecular simulations,signaling detections,gene expression regulation assessments[including dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assays],primary cultures or co-cultures of neutrophils and oligodendrocytes,intracellular iron,and lipid hydroperoxide concentration measurements,as well as forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)conditional knockout mice.Results:We identified that high expression of the FOXO1 protein was induced in neutrophils after TBI both in TBI patients and the TBI mouse model.Infiltration of these FOXO1high neutrophils in the brain was detected not only in the acute phase but also in the chronic phase post-TBI,aggravating acute brain inflammatory damage and promoting late TBI-induced depression.In the acute stage,FOXO1 upregulated cytoplasmic Versican(VCAN)to interact with the apoptosis regulator B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)-associated X protein(BAX),suppressing the mitochondrial translocation of BAX,which mediated the antiapoptotic effect companied with enhancing interleukin-6(IL-6)production of FOXO1high neutrophils.In the chronic stage,the“FOXO1-transferrin receptor(TFRC)”mechanism contributes to FOXO1high neutrophil ferroptosis,disturbing the iron homeostasis of oligodendrocytes and inducing a reduction in myelin basic protein,which contributes to the progression of late depression after TBI.Conclusions:FOXO1high neutrophils represent a novel neutrophil phenotype that emerges in response to acute and chronic TBI,which provides insight into the heterogeneity,reprogramming activity,and versatility of neutrophils in TBI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81572187,No.81871812 and No.52205590)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220834)+1 种基金project supported by Ruihua Charity Foundation(YL20220525)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(No.RF1028623098).
文摘Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are the major contributors to the global burden of disease and current treatments show limited efficacy.Patients often suffer chronic pain and might eventually have to undergo end-stage surgery.Therefore,future treatments should focus on early detection and intervention of regional lesions.Microrobots have been gradually used in organisms due to their advantages of intelligent,precise and minimally invasive targeted delivery.Through the combination of control and imaging systems,microrobots with good biosafety can be delivered to the desired area for treatment.In the musculoskeletal system,microrobots are mainly utilized to transport stem cells/drugs or to remove hazardous substances from the body.Compared to traditional biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies,active motion improves the efficiency and penetration of local targeting of cells/drugs.This review discusses the frontier applications of microrobotic systems in different tissues of the musculoskeletal system.We summarize the challenges and barriers that hinder clinical translation by evaluating the characteristics of different microrobots and finally point out the future direction of microrobots in the musculoskeletal system.
基金support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) Singapore, under its Competitive Research Programme Award NRF-CRP20-20170004 and NRF Investigatorship Award NRF-NRFI06-20200005MTC Programmatic Grant M21J9b0085, as well as the Lite-On Project RS-INDUS-00090+5 种基金support from Australian Research Council (DE220101085, DP220102152)grants from German Research Foundation (SCHM2655/15-1, SCHM2655/21-1)Lee-Lucas Chair in Physics and funding by the Australian Research Council DP220102152financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62275078)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (Grant No. 2022JJ20020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. JCYJ20220530160405013)
文摘Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena.Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives.Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of production.However,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods.Three-dimensional(3D)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices.Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions.Two-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3D printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin.It offers unprecedented abilities,e.g.alignment-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures.In this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging.As the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the field.By leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3D processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272198 and 52002122)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690947).
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted increasing attention in next-generation energy storage systems due to their high safety and economic.Unfortunately,the side reactions,dendrites and hydrogen evolution effects at the zinc anode interface in aqueous electrolytes seriously hinder the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Here,we report a critical solvation strategy to achieve reversible zinc electrochemistry by introducing a small polar molecule acetonitrile to form a“catcher”to arrest active molecules(bound water molecules).The stable solvation structure of[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is capable of maintaining and completely inhibiting free water molecules.When[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)is partially desolvated in the Helmholtz outer layer,the separated active molecules will be arrested by the“catcher”formed by the strong hydrogen bond N-H bond,ensuring the stable desolvation of Zn^(2+).The Zn||Zn symmetric battery can stably cycle for 2250 h at 1 mAh cm^(-2),Zn||V_(6)O_(13) full battery achieved a capacity retention rate of 99.2%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).This paper proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of high-performance AZIBs.
基金Supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center(No.2022QNLM030004-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42276153,42030407)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42020401)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC032)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2804003)。
文摘Deep-sea mining activities can potentially release metals,which pose a toxicological threat to deep-sea ecosystems.Nevertheless,due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of the deep-sea biosphere,there is insufficient knowledge about the impact of metal exposure on its inhabitants.In this study,deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons,a commonly used deep-sea toxicology model organism,was exposed to manganese(100,1000μg/L)or iron(500,5000μg/L)for 7 d,respectively.Manganese and iron were chosen for their high levels of occurrence within deep-sea deposits.Metal accumulation and a battery of biochemical biomarkers related to antioxidative stress in superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA);immune function in alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP);and energy metabolism in pyruvate kinase(PK)and hexokinase(HK)were assessed in mussel gills.Results showed that deep-sea mussel G.platifrons exhibited a high capacity to accumulate Mn/Fe.In addition,most tested biochemical parameters were altered by metal exposure,demonstrating that metals could induce oxidative stress,suppress the immune system,and affect energy metabolism of deep-sea mussels.The integrated biomarker response(IBR)approach indicated that the exposure to Mn/Fe had a negative impact on deep-sea mussels,and Mn demonstrated a more harmful impact on deep-sea mussels than Fe.Additionally,SOD and CAT biomarkers had the greatest impact on IBR values in Mn treatments,while ACP and HK were most influential for the low-and high-dose Fe groups,respectively.This study represents the first application of the IBR approach to evaluate the toxicity of metals on deep-sea fauna and serves as a crucial framework for risk assessment of deep-sea mining-associated metal exposure.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172013)the Special Project for Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2022B01033-3)+3 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talent Program(XLYC2008032 and XLYC2203126)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LK24,DUT22QN207 and DUT22LAB602)the CUHK Research Startup Fund(No.#4930981)financial support from Catalyst:Seeding funding(CSG-VUW2201)provided by the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment and administered by the Royal Society Aparangi。
文摘Indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3)),as a promising candidate for CO_(2)hydrogenation to C_(1) products,often suffers from sintering and activity decline,closely related to the undesirable structural evolution under reaction conditions.Based on the comprehension of the dynamic evolution,this study presents an efficient strategy to alleviate the agglomeration of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles by the surface decoration with highly dispersed silica species(SiO_(x)).Various structural characterizations combined with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the sintering resulted from the over-reduction,while the enhanced stability originated from the anchoring effect of highly stable In-OSi bonds,which hinders the substantial formation of metallic In(In^(0))and the subsequent agglomeration.0.6Si/In_(2)O_(3)exhibited CO_(2)conversion rate of10.0 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)at steady state vs.3.5 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)on In_(2)O_(3)in CO_(2)hydrogenation.Enhanced steady-state activity was also achieved on Pd-modified catalysts.Compared to the traditional Pd/In_(2)O_(3)catalyst,the methanol production rate of Pd catalyst supported on 0.6Si/In_(2)O_(3)was enhanced by 23%,showing the potential of In_(2)O_(3)modified by SiO_(x)in serving as a platform material.This work provides a promising method to design new In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts with improved activity and stability in CO_(2)hydrogenation.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801525)the independent fund of the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(Sun Yat-sen University)under grant No.OEMT-2022-ZRC-05+3 种基金the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(Grant No.sklpme2023-3-5))the Foundation of the state key Laboratory of Transducer Technology(No.SKT2301),Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530161809020&JCYJ20220818100415033)the Young Top Talent of Fujian Young Eagle Program of Fujian Province and Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J02013)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB2802051).
文摘Post-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks.Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments,leading to low rescue efficiency.The multimodal electronic skin(e-skin)proposed not only reproduces the pressure,temperature,and humidity sensing capabilities of natural skin but also develops sensing functions beyond it—perceiving object proximity and NO2 gas.Its multilayer stacked structure based on Ecoflex and organohydrogel endows the e-skin with mechanical properties similar to natural skin.Rescue robots integrated with multimodal e-skin and artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms show strong environmental perception capabilities and can accurately distinguish objects and identify human limbs through grasping,laying the foundation for automated post-earthquake rescue.Besides,the combination of e-skin and NO2 wireless alarm circuits allows robots to sense toxic gases in the environment in real time,thereby adopting appropriate measures to protect trapped people from the toxic environment.Multimodal e-skin powered by AI algorithms and hardware circuits exhibits powerful environmental perception and information processing capabilities,which,as an interface for interaction with the physical world,dramatically expands intelligent robots’application scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072061,22322903,12174162)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(No.2023NSFSC1914)21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.by project No.21C-OP-202103。
文摘Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203066,51973157,61904123)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (18JCQNJC02900)+3 种基金National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students (202310058007)Tianjin Municipal college students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program (202310058088)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (Grant No.2018KJ196)State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered highly promising as next-generation energy storage systems due to high theoretical capacity(2600 Wh kg^(-1))and energy density(1675 mA h g^(-1))as well as the abundant natural reserves,low cost of elemental sulfur,and environmentally friendly properties.However,several challenges impede its commercialization including low conductivity of sulfur itself,the severe“shuttle effect”caused by lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)during charge–discharge processes,volume expansion effects and sluggish reaction kinetics.As a solution,polar metal particles and their compounds have been introduced as the main hosts for sulfur cathode due to their robust catalytic activity and adsorption capability,effectively suppressing the“shuttle effect”of Li PSs.Bimetallic alloys and their compounds with multi-functional properties exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance more readily when compared to single-metal materials.Well-designed bimetallic materials demonstrate larger specific surface areas and richer active sites,enabling simultaneous high adsorption capability and strong catalytic properties.The synergistic effect of the“adsorption-catalysis”sites accelerates the adsorptiondiffusion-conversion process of Li PSs,ultimately achieving a long-lasting Li-S battery.Herein,the latest progress and performance of bimetallic materials in cathodes,separators,and interlayers of Li-S batteries are systematically reviewed.Firstly,the principles and challenges of Li-S batteries are briefly analyzed.Then,various mechanisms for suppressing“shuttle effects”of Li PSs are emphasized at the microscale.Subsequently,the performance parameters of various bimetallic materials are comprehensively summarized,and some improvement strategies are proposed based on these findings.Finally,the future prospects of bimetallic materials are discussed,with the hope of providing profound insights for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance bimetallic materials for LSBs.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52174113)the Young Jinggang Scholars Award Program in Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.QNJG2018051)the“Thousand Talents”of Jiangxi Province,China(Grant No.jxsq2019201043).
文摘In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth ore leaching,the migration characteristics of the wetting front in multi-hole injection holes and the influence of wetting front intersection effect on the migration distance of wetting fronts are still unclear.Besides,wetting front migration distance and leaching time are usually required to optimize the leaching process.In this study,wetting front migration tests of ionadsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection(the spacing between injection holes was 10 cm,12 cm and 14 cm)and single-hole fluid injection were completed under the constant water head height.At the pre-intersection stage,the wetting front migration laws of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole fluid injection and single-hole fluid injection were identical.At the postintersection stage,the intersection accelerated the wetting front migration.By using the Darcy’s law,the intersection effect of wetting fronts during the multi-hole liquid injection was transformed into the water head height directly above the intersection.Finally,based on the Green-Ampt model,a wetting front migration model of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole unsaturated liquid injection was established.Error analysis results showed that the proposed model can accurately simulate the infiltration process under experimental conditions.The research results enrich the infiltration law and theory of ion-adsorption rare earth ores during the multi-hole liquid injection,and this study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the liquid injection well pattern parameters of ion-adsorption rare earth in situ leaching in the future.
