Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic ...Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.展开更多
The application of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is severely impeded by the insufficient ionic conductivity and low Li^(+)transference numbers(t_(Li)^(+)).Here,we report an iodine-driven strategy to address both the...The application of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is severely impeded by the insufficient ionic conductivity and low Li^(+)transference numbers(t_(Li)^(+)).Here,we report an iodine-driven strategy to address both the two longstanding issues of SPEs simultaneously.Electronegative lodine-containing groups introduced on polymer chains effectively attract Li^(+)ions,facilitate Li^(+)transport,and promote the dissociation of Li salts.Meanwhile,iodine is also favorable to alleviate the strong O-Li^(+)coordination through a Lewis acidbase interaction,further improving the ionic conductivity and t_(Li)^(+).As a proof of concept,an iodinated single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte(IPE)demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 0.93 mS cm^(-1)and a high t_(Li)^(+)of 0.86 at 25℃,which is among the best results ever reported for SPEs.Moreover,symmetric Li/Li cells with IPE achieve a long-term stability over 2600 h through the in-situ formed LiF-rich interphase.As a result,Li-S battery with IPE maintains a high capacity of 623.7 mAh g^(-1)over 300 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99%.When matched with intercalation cathode chemistries,Li/IPE/LiFePO_(4)and Li/IPE/LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)solid-state batteries also deliver high-capacity retentions of 95%and 97%at 0.2 C after 120 cycles,respectively.展开更多
The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achiev...The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achieve using satellite remote sensing.Considering the convenient,facilitative,and flexible characteristics of UAV(unmanned air vehicle)remote sensing tech-nology,this study selects a campus as a typical research area and uses the Pegasus D2000 equipped with a D-MSPC2000 multi-spectral camera and a CAM3000 aerial camera to acquire oblique images and multi-spectral data.Using professional software,including Context Capture,ENVI,and ArcGIS,a 3D(three-dimensional)campus model,a digital orthophoto map,and multi-spectral remote sensing map drawing are realized,and the geometric accuracy of typical feature selection is evaluated.Based on a quantitative remote sensing model,the campus ecological environment assessment is performed from the perspectives of vegetation and water body.The results presented in this study could be of great significance to the scientific management and sustainable development of regional natural resources.展开更多
Background: The prognosis of patients with tumors is partly influenced by the stage when patients are diagnosed. Therefore, the time of confirmed diagnosis after onset can be considered as a prognostic predictor. Alth...Background: The prognosis of patients with tumors is partly influenced by the stage when patients are diagnosed. Therefore, the time of confirmed diagnosis after onset can be considered as a prognostic predictor. Although a few of studies work on it, factors that influence the duration remain poorly understood in different areas. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients with gastric cancer. Participants completed questionnaires by either phone or face-to-face interviews. Results: Females are with a longer interval than males. Farms lived in rural area and with New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme are associated with a longer time interval. Patients whose income is mainly from their spouses also have a longer interval. Abdominal pain seems to be associated with longer interval time, while vomiting leads to a shorter time interval. Taking medicine after symptoms appear is associated with longer time intervals, especially those take medicine nonstandardly and more than 2 weeks. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the medical resource in rural area should still be enhanced;meanwhile taking medicine without doctor’s advice should be cut down. Additional efforts must be made to devise strategies to properly guide patients’ behavior.展开更多
The development of polymer-based solid-state batteries is severely limited by the low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte and the instable interface between polymer electrolyte and Li-metal anode.In this w...The development of polymer-based solid-state batteries is severely limited by the low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte and the instable interface between polymer electrolyte and Li-metal anode.In this work,lithium iodide(LiI)as a bifunctional additive was introduced into the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolyte to improve the ionic conductivity and to construct a stable interphase at the Li/PEO interface.I-anions offer a strong electrostatic interaction with hydrogen atoms on PEO chains(HPEO)and forming massive I–H bonds that cross-link PEO chains,decrease crystallinity of PEO,and thus improve Li~+interchain transport.In addition,LiI participates in the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer,which decreases the energy barrier of Li+transport across the interface and thus inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites.As a result,the composite PEO electrolyte with 2 wt%LiI(PEO-2 LiI)presents a very high ionic conductivity of 2.1×10^(-4) S cm-1 and a critical current density of 2.0 m A cm^(-2) at 45°C.Li symmetric cell with this PEO-2 LiI electrolyte exhibits a long-term cyclability over 600 h at 0.2 m A cm^(-2).Furthermore,solid-state LiFePO_(4) and LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2) batteries with the PEO-2 LiI electrolyte show an impressive electrochemical performance with outstanding cycling stability and rate capability at 45°C.展开更多
In the time of Internet of Things(IoT),alternating current electroluminescence(ACEL)has unique advantages in the fields of smart display and human–computer interaction.However,their reliance on external high-voltage ...In the time of Internet of Things(IoT),alternating current electroluminescence(ACEL)has unique advantages in the fields of smart display and human–computer interaction.However,their reliance on external high-voltage AC power supplies poses challenges in terms of wearability and limits their practical application.This paper proposed an innovative scheme for preparing a feather triboelectric nanogenerator(F-TENG)using recyclable and environmentally friendly material.The highest open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current,and transferred charge of SF6-treated F-TENGs can reach 449 V,63μA,and 152 nC,which enables easy lighting of BaTiO_(3)^(-)doped ACEL devices.Using a human electrical potential,a single-electrode F-TENG is combined with ACEL device for self-powered fingerprint recognition display.These works achieve self-powered flexible wearable ACEL devices,which are not only efficient and portable but also have good application prospects in the human–computer interaction,functional displays,and wearable electronic devices.展开更多
Moirépotential profile can form flat electronic bands and manifest correlated states of electrons,where carrier doping is essential for observing those correlations.In this work,we uncover a hidden but remarkable...Moirépotential profile can form flat electronic bands and manifest correlated states of electrons,where carrier doping is essential for observing those correlations.In this work,we uncover a hidden but remarkable many-electron effect:doped carriers form a two-dimensional plasmon and strongly couple with quasiparticles to renormalize moirépotential and realize ultra-flat bands.Using many-body perturbation theory,we demonstrate this effect in twisted MoS_(2)/WS_(2) heterobilayer.The moirépotential is significantly enhanced upon carrier doping,and the bandwidth is reduced by order of magnitude,leading to drastic quenching of electronic kinetic energy and stronger correlation.We further predict that the competition between correlated mechanisms can be effectively controlled via doping,giving hope to a quantum transition between Mott and charge-transfer insulating states.Our work reveals that the potential renormalization effect of doping is much more significant in determining and controlling many-electron electronic correlations than sole filling-factor tuning in semiconducting moirécrystals.展开更多
High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious bi...High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious biofouling, and may become vulnerable to corrosion attack under some extreme marine conditions. The passivating and biofouling performance of Ti alloys can be attributed to their compact,stable and protective films. This paper comprehensively reviews the passivating and biofouling behavior,as well as their mechanisms, for typical Ti alloys in various marine environments. This review aims to help extend applications of Ti alloys in extremely harsh marine conditions.展开更多
Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understo...Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that PsAvh240, a membrane-localized effector of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, promotes P. sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. We found that PsAvh240 interacts with the soybean-resistant aspartic protease GmAP1 in planta and suppresses the secretion of GmAP1 into the apoplast. By solving its crystal structure we revealed that PsAvh240 contain six a helices and two WY motifs. The first two a helices of PsAvh240 are responsible for its plasma membrane-localization and are required for PsAvh240's interaction with GmAP1. The second WY motifs of two PsAvh240 molecules form a handshake arrangement resulting in a handshake-like dimer. This dimerization is required for the effector's repression of GmAP1 secretion. Taken together, these data reveal that PsAvh240 localizes at the plasma membrane to interfere with GmAP1 secretion, which represents an effective mechanism by which effector proteins suppress plant apoplastic immunity.展开更多
The main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller absorbed power at a constant propeller speed by controlling fuel flow and blade angle. Since each input variable affects the selected ou...The main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller absorbed power at a constant propeller speed by controlling fuel flow and blade angle. Since each input variable affects the selected output variables, there exist strong interactions between different control loops of a Two-Spool Turbo Prop Engine(TSTPE). Inverted decoupling is used to decouple the interactions and decompose the TSTPE into two independent single-input single-output systems. The multi-variable PI controller and two single-variable PI controllers are designed for the TSTPE with actuator dynamics based on Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI), respectively, which is derived from static output feedback and pole placement condition. The step responses show that due to the difference in the response times of the selected output variables, it is difficult to design an appropriate multi-variable PI controller. The designed single-variable PI controllers are tested on the TSTPE integrated model to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, that is,the interactions are first decoupled and then the controllers are designed, and the resulting simulated responses show that compared with the controller designed without actuator dynamics, the gas-generator shaft speed and power turbine shaft speed can better track their respective commands under the action of the controller designed with actuator dynamics.展开更多
Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate colonization.Although the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection,the molecular basis o...Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate colonization.Although the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection,the molecular basis of Avh241 virulence remains poorly understood.Here we identified non-race specific disease resistance 1(NDR1)-like proteins,the critical components in plant effector-triggered immunity(ETI)responses,as host targets of Avh241.Avh241 interacts with NDR1 in the plasma membrane and suppresses NDR1-participated ETI responses.Silencing of GmNDR1s increases the susceptibility of soybean to P.sojae infection,and overexpression of GmNDR1s reduces infection,which supports its positive role in plant immunity against P.sojae.Furthermore,we demonstrate that GmNDR1 interacts with itself,and Avh241 probably disrupts the self-association of GmNDR1.These data highlight an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a Phytophthora effector suppresses plant immune responses,likely by disturbing the function of NDR1 during infection.展开更多
Mobile big data collected by mobile network operators is of interest to many research communities and industries for its remarkable values.However,such spatiotemporal information may lead to a harsh threat to subscrib...Mobile big data collected by mobile network operators is of interest to many research communities and industries for its remarkable values.However,such spatiotemporal information may lead to a harsh threat to subscribers’privacy.This work focuses on subscriber privacy vulnerability assessment in terms of user identifiability across two datasets with significant detail reduced mobility representation.In this paper,we propose an innovative semantic spatiotemporal representation for each subscriber based on the geographic information,termed as daily habitat region,to approximate the subscriber’s daily mobility coverage with far lesser information compared with original mobility traces.The daily habitat region is realized via convex hull extraction on the user’s daily spatiotemporal traces.As a result,user identification can be formulated to match two records with the maximum similarity score between two convex hull sets,obtained by our proposed similarity measures based on cosine distance and permutation hypothesis test.Experiments are conducted to evaluate our proposed innovative mobility representation and user identification algorithms,which also demonstrate that the subscriber’s mobile privacy is under a severe threat even with significantly reduced spatiotemporal information.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52076028).
文摘Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.5202780089)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2172020kfy XJJS089)the Open Research Fund of CNMGE Platform&NSCC-TJ(Grant No.CNMGE202101006)
文摘The application of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)is severely impeded by the insufficient ionic conductivity and low Li^(+)transference numbers(t_(Li)^(+)).Here,we report an iodine-driven strategy to address both the two longstanding issues of SPEs simultaneously.Electronegative lodine-containing groups introduced on polymer chains effectively attract Li^(+)ions,facilitate Li^(+)transport,and promote the dissociation of Li salts.Meanwhile,iodine is also favorable to alleviate the strong O-Li^(+)coordination through a Lewis acidbase interaction,further improving the ionic conductivity and t_(Li)^(+).As a proof of concept,an iodinated single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte(IPE)demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 0.93 mS cm^(-1)and a high t_(Li)^(+)of 0.86 at 25℃,which is among the best results ever reported for SPEs.Moreover,symmetric Li/Li cells with IPE achieve a long-term stability over 2600 h through the in-situ formed LiF-rich interphase.As a result,Li-S battery with IPE maintains a high capacity of 623.7 mAh g^(-1)over 300 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99%.When matched with intercalation cathode chemistries,Li/IPE/LiFePO_(4)and Li/IPE/LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)solid-state batteries also deliver high-capacity retentions of 95%and 97%at 0.2 C after 120 cycles,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42171311)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (Grant No.OFSLRSS202218)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of the Hainan Province,China (Grant No.ZDYF2021SHFZ105)the Training Program of Excellent Master Thesis of Zhejiang Ocean University.
文摘The acquisition of digital regional-scale information and ecological environmental data has high requirements for structural texture,spatial res-olution,and multiple parameter categories,which is challenging to achieve using satellite remote sensing.Considering the convenient,facilitative,and flexible characteristics of UAV(unmanned air vehicle)remote sensing tech-nology,this study selects a campus as a typical research area and uses the Pegasus D2000 equipped with a D-MSPC2000 multi-spectral camera and a CAM3000 aerial camera to acquire oblique images and multi-spectral data.Using professional software,including Context Capture,ENVI,and ArcGIS,a 3D(three-dimensional)campus model,a digital orthophoto map,and multi-spectral remote sensing map drawing are realized,and the geometric accuracy of typical feature selection is evaluated.Based on a quantitative remote sensing model,the campus ecological environment assessment is performed from the perspectives of vegetation and water body.The results presented in this study could be of great significance to the scientific management and sustainable development of regional natural resources.
文摘Background: The prognosis of patients with tumors is partly influenced by the stage when patients are diagnosed. Therefore, the time of confirmed diagnosis after onset can be considered as a prognostic predictor. Although a few of studies work on it, factors that influence the duration remain poorly understood in different areas. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients with gastric cancer. Participants completed questionnaires by either phone or face-to-face interviews. Results: Females are with a longer interval than males. Farms lived in rural area and with New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme are associated with a longer time interval. Patients whose income is mainly from their spouses also have a longer interval. Abdominal pain seems to be associated with longer interval time, while vomiting leads to a shorter time interval. Taking medicine after symptoms appear is associated with longer time intervals, especially those take medicine nonstandardly and more than 2 weeks. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the medical resource in rural area should still be enhanced;meanwhile taking medicine without doctor’s advice should be cut down. Additional efforts must be made to devise strategies to properly guide patients’ behavior.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.5202780089)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2172020kfy XJJS089)。
文摘The development of polymer-based solid-state batteries is severely limited by the low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte and the instable interface between polymer electrolyte and Li-metal anode.In this work,lithium iodide(LiI)as a bifunctional additive was introduced into the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolyte to improve the ionic conductivity and to construct a stable interphase at the Li/PEO interface.I-anions offer a strong electrostatic interaction with hydrogen atoms on PEO chains(HPEO)and forming massive I–H bonds that cross-link PEO chains,decrease crystallinity of PEO,and thus improve Li~+interchain transport.In addition,LiI participates in the formation of an inorganic-rich interphase layer,which decreases the energy barrier of Li+transport across the interface and thus inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites.As a result,the composite PEO electrolyte with 2 wt%LiI(PEO-2 LiI)presents a very high ionic conductivity of 2.1×10^(-4) S cm-1 and a critical current density of 2.0 m A cm^(-2) at 45°C.Li symmetric cell with this PEO-2 LiI electrolyte exhibits a long-term cyclability over 600 h at 0.2 m A cm^(-2).Furthermore,solid-state LiFePO_(4) and LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2) batteries with the PEO-2 LiI electrolyte show an impressive electrochemical performance with outstanding cycling stability and rate capability at 45°C.
基金supported by Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ130)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2021J01577)。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3600402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62004039)+1 种基金Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(Nos.2020ZZ111 and 2020ZZ113)the National Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2021J01577).
文摘In the time of Internet of Things(IoT),alternating current electroluminescence(ACEL)has unique advantages in the fields of smart display and human–computer interaction.However,their reliance on external high-voltage AC power supplies poses challenges in terms of wearability and limits their practical application.This paper proposed an innovative scheme for preparing a feather triboelectric nanogenerator(F-TENG)using recyclable and environmentally friendly material.The highest open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current,and transferred charge of SF6-treated F-TENGs can reach 449 V,63μA,and 152 nC,which enables easy lighting of BaTiO_(3)^(-)doped ACEL devices.Using a human electrical potential,a single-electrode F-TENG is combined with ACEL device for self-powered fingerprint recognition display.These works achieve self-powered flexible wearable ACEL devices,which are not only efficient and portable but also have good application prospects in the human–computer interaction,functional displays,and wearable electronic devices.
基金We acknowledge valuable discussions with Yufeng Liang,Shiyuan Gao,and Xiaobo Lu.L.Z.and L.Y.are supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)grant No.DMR-2124934H.W.is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)grant No.FA9550-20-1-0255This work uses the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment(XSEDE),which is supported by National Science Foundation(NSF)grant No.ACI-1548562.The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center(TACC)at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources.
文摘Moirépotential profile can form flat electronic bands and manifest correlated states of electrons,where carrier doping is essential for observing those correlations.In this work,we uncover a hidden but remarkable many-electron effect:doped carriers form a two-dimensional plasmon and strongly couple with quasiparticles to renormalize moirépotential and realize ultra-flat bands.Using many-body perturbation theory,we demonstrate this effect in twisted MoS_(2)/WS_(2) heterobilayer.The moirépotential is significantly enhanced upon carrier doping,and the bandwidth is reduced by order of magnitude,leading to drastic quenching of electronic kinetic energy and stronger correlation.We further predict that the competition between correlated mechanisms can be effectively controlled via doping,giving hope to a quantum transition between Mott and charge-transfer insulating states.Our work reveals that the potential renormalization effect of doping is much more significant in determining and controlling many-electron electronic correlations than sole filling-factor tuning in semiconducting moirécrystals.
文摘High strength-to-weight ratio, commendable biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make Ti alloys widely applicable in aerospace, medical and marine industries. However, these alloys suffer from serious biofouling, and may become vulnerable to corrosion attack under some extreme marine conditions. The passivating and biofouling performance of Ti alloys can be attributed to their compact,stable and protective films. This paper comprehensively reviews the passivating and biofouling behavior,as well as their mechanisms, for typical Ti alloys in various marine environments. This review aims to help extend applications of Ti alloys in extremely harsh marine conditions.
基金supported by grants to Yuanchao Wang from the China National Funds for Innovative Research Groups(31721004)the key program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430073)+2 种基金the Chinese Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-004-PS14)the National Key R&D Program of China(SQ2018YFD020042)Research in the W.X.laboratory is supported by the Chinese Thousand Talents Plan and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.B.G.is supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18.0662).
文摘Plants secrete defense molecules into the extracellular space (the apoplast) to combat attacking microbes. However, the mechanisms by which successful pathogens subvert plant apoplastic immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that PsAvh240, a membrane-localized effector of the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, promotes P. sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. We found that PsAvh240 interacts with the soybean-resistant aspartic protease GmAP1 in planta and suppresses the secretion of GmAP1 into the apoplast. By solving its crystal structure we revealed that PsAvh240 contain six a helices and two WY motifs. The first two a helices of PsAvh240 are responsible for its plasma membrane-localization and are required for PsAvh240's interaction with GmAP1. The second WY motifs of two PsAvh240 molecules form a handshake arrangement resulting in a handshake-like dimer. This dimerization is required for the effector's repression of GmAP1 secretion. Taken together, these data reveal that PsAvh240 localizes at the plasma membrane to interfere with GmAP1 secretion, which represents an effective mechanism by which effector proteins suppress plant apoplastic immunity.
文摘The main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller absorbed power at a constant propeller speed by controlling fuel flow and blade angle. Since each input variable affects the selected output variables, there exist strong interactions between different control loops of a Two-Spool Turbo Prop Engine(TSTPE). Inverted decoupling is used to decouple the interactions and decompose the TSTPE into two independent single-input single-output systems. The multi-variable PI controller and two single-variable PI controllers are designed for the TSTPE with actuator dynamics based on Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI), respectively, which is derived from static output feedback and pole placement condition. The step responses show that due to the difference in the response times of the selected output variables, it is difficult to design an appropriate multi-variable PI controller. The designed single-variable PI controllers are tested on the TSTPE integrated model to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, that is,the interactions are first decoupled and then the controllers are designed, and the resulting simulated responses show that compared with the controller designed without actuator dynamics, the gas-generator shaft speed and power turbine shaft speed can better track their respective commands under the action of the controller designed with actuator dynamics.
基金supported by the Natural ScienceFoundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190520)the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(31721004,32001882)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20180142)。
文摘Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate colonization.Although the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection,the molecular basis of Avh241 virulence remains poorly understood.Here we identified non-race specific disease resistance 1(NDR1)-like proteins,the critical components in plant effector-triggered immunity(ETI)responses,as host targets of Avh241.Avh241 interacts with NDR1 in the plasma membrane and suppresses NDR1-participated ETI responses.Silencing of GmNDR1s increases the susceptibility of soybean to P.sojae infection,and overexpression of GmNDR1s reduces infection,which supports its positive role in plant immunity against P.sojae.Furthermore,we demonstrate that GmNDR1 interacts with itself,and Avh241 probably disrupts the self-association of GmNDR1.These data highlight an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a Phytophthora effector suppresses plant immune responses,likely by disturbing the function of NDR1 during infection.
基金This work was in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61622101 and 61571020)in part by the Natural Science Foundation(Nos.DMS-1521746 and DMS-1737795.
文摘Mobile big data collected by mobile network operators is of interest to many research communities and industries for its remarkable values.However,such spatiotemporal information may lead to a harsh threat to subscribers’privacy.This work focuses on subscriber privacy vulnerability assessment in terms of user identifiability across two datasets with significant detail reduced mobility representation.In this paper,we propose an innovative semantic spatiotemporal representation for each subscriber based on the geographic information,termed as daily habitat region,to approximate the subscriber’s daily mobility coverage with far lesser information compared with original mobility traces.The daily habitat region is realized via convex hull extraction on the user’s daily spatiotemporal traces.As a result,user identification can be formulated to match two records with the maximum similarity score between two convex hull sets,obtained by our proposed similarity measures based on cosine distance and permutation hypothesis test.Experiments are conducted to evaluate our proposed innovative mobility representation and user identification algorithms,which also demonstrate that the subscriber’s mobile privacy is under a severe threat even with significantly reduced spatiotemporal information.
