<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-fiel...<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-field (FiF) technique for carcinoma of breast treatment in Nepal. We assumed that FIF technique may result in improved dose distribution and reduced acute toxicity in these patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Forty breast cancer patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated in this study. A total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed to the planning target volume. FiF plan was generated in treatment planning system. Dose volume histograms w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluated for PTV and organs at risks. Several parameters were analyzed for the PTVs and organ at risks (OARs) together with the Conformity index (CI), and the Homogeneity index (HI). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The dose coverage of breast volume was achieved. The V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (volume of 95%) of PTV covered D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Dose of 95%). The PTV dose was covered to 49.98 ± 0.9 Gy and 49.81 ± 1.1 Gy for the left and right breast, respectively. The mean lung dose was 14.87 ± 0.91 Gy. The homogeneity index (0.26 ± 0.17 and 0.22 ± 0.13) and conformity index (1.59 ± 0.75 and 1.36 ± 0.45) were analyzed for left and right breast, respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study supports the viability of FiF technique in the treatment of breast cancer in Nepal. The FIF technique enables better dose distribution in the PTV and reduces dose to OARs. The FiF technique provides dosimetric advantages and requires less planning time.</span></span>展开更多
Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender bas...Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender based variations of thyroid volume and thyroid hormone levels in the hospital based euthyroid subjects. Methodology: A total of 221 euthyroid subjects aged 1 - 86 years were selected to observe the normal thyroid size by ultrasonography at Department of Radiology and the thyroid function test values (FT3, FT4 and TSH) of 2413 euthyroid subjects aged (Results: The best fitted equations with significant correlation coefficients and p Conclusion: The thyroid size first increases and then decreases whereas the thyroxin level first decreases and then increases with aging. Left lobe volume is almost same for both genders and right lobe volume is higher in males. The thyroid size in menarche and menopause periods of females is larger than that of males. Such age- and gender-specific changes recommend the new refer-ence ranges for the normal thyroid functions.展开更多
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-field (FiF) technique for carcinoma of breast treatment in Nepal. We assumed that FIF technique may result in improved dose distribution and reduced acute toxicity in these patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Forty breast cancer patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated in this study. A total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed to the planning target volume. FiF plan was generated in treatment planning system. Dose volume histograms w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluated for PTV and organs at risks. Several parameters were analyzed for the PTVs and organ at risks (OARs) together with the Conformity index (CI), and the Homogeneity index (HI). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The dose coverage of breast volume was achieved. The V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (volume of 95%) of PTV covered D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Dose of 95%). The PTV dose was covered to 49.98 ± 0.9 Gy and 49.81 ± 1.1 Gy for the left and right breast, respectively. The mean lung dose was 14.87 ± 0.91 Gy. The homogeneity index (0.26 ± 0.17 and 0.22 ± 0.13) and conformity index (1.59 ± 0.75 and 1.36 ± 0.45) were analyzed for left and right breast, respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study supports the viability of FiF technique in the treatment of breast cancer in Nepal. The FIF technique enables better dose distribution in the PTV and reduces dose to OARs. The FiF technique provides dosimetric advantages and requires less planning time.</span></span>
文摘Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender based variations of thyroid volume and thyroid hormone levels in the hospital based euthyroid subjects. Methodology: A total of 221 euthyroid subjects aged 1 - 86 years were selected to observe the normal thyroid size by ultrasonography at Department of Radiology and the thyroid function test values (FT3, FT4 and TSH) of 2413 euthyroid subjects aged (Results: The best fitted equations with significant correlation coefficients and p Conclusion: The thyroid size first increases and then decreases whereas the thyroxin level first decreases and then increases with aging. Left lobe volume is almost same for both genders and right lobe volume is higher in males. The thyroid size in menarche and menopause periods of females is larger than that of males. Such age- and gender-specific changes recommend the new refer-ence ranges for the normal thyroid functions.