We discussed the decrease in residual stress,precipitation evolution,and mechanical properties of GH4151 alloy in different annealing temperatures,which were studied by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),high-resol...We discussed the decrease in residual stress,precipitation evolution,and mechanical properties of GH4151 alloy in different annealing temperatures,which were studied by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The findings reveal that annealing processing has a significant impact on diminishing residual stresses.As the annealing temperature rose from 950 to 1150℃,the majority of the residual stresses were relieved from 60.1 MPa down to 10.9 MPa.Moreover,the stress relaxation mechanism transitioned from being mainly controlled by dislocation slip to a combination of dislocation slip and grain boundary migration.Meanwhile,the annealing treatment promotes the decomposition of the Laves,accompanied by the precipitation ofμ-(Mo_(6)Co_(7))starting at 950℃ and reaching a maximum value at 1050℃.The tensile strength and plasticity of the annealing alloy at 1150℃ reached the maximum(1394 MPa,56.1%)which was 131%,200%fold than those of the as-cast alloy(1060 MPa,26.6%),but the oxidation process in the alloy was accelerated at 1150℃.The enhancement in durability and flexibility is primarily due to the dissolution of the brittle phase,along with the shape and dispersal of theγ′phase.展开更多
Objective： Transforming growth factor-1 （TGF-βI）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and interleukin-lO （IL-10） may be critical cytokines in the microenvironment of a tumor, playing roles in immune sup...Objective： Transforming growth factor-1 （TGF-βI）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and interleukin-lO （IL-10） may be critical cytokines in the microenvironment of a tumor, playing roles in immune suppression. This study was conducted to elucidate the roles and immunosuppressive functions of these cytokines in epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC）. Methods： The expression levels of TGF-β1, VEGF and IL-10 in malignant tissue were evaluated by immune- histochemistry and compared with corresponding borderline, benign, and tumor-free tissues. Moreover, relationships among the levels of these cytokines and correlations between expression and the prognosis of EOC were analyzed by Pearson rank correlations and multi-factor Logistic regression. The roles of TGF-βI, VEGF, and IL-lO in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer were studied through dendritic cell （DC） maturation and CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋ Treg generation in vitro experiments. Results： TGF-β1, VEGF, and IL-IO were expressed TGF-β1 was an independent prognostic factor for EOC n 100%, 74.69%, and 54.96% of EOC patients, respectively. L-IO was significantly co-expressed with VEGF. In vitro, VEGF and TGF-β31 strongly interfered with DC maturation and consequently led to immature DCs, which secreted high levels of IL-IO that accumulated around the tumor site. TGF-β1 and IL-10 induced Treg generation without antigen presentation in DCs. Conclusions： TGF-βI, VEGF and IL-IO play important roles in EOC and can lead to frequent immune evasion events.展开更多
Objective： Human epididymis protein 4（HE4） is a promising biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer（EOC）. But its role in assessing the primary optimal debulking（OD） of EOC remains unknown. The purpose of this stu...Objective： Human epididymis protein 4（HE4） is a promising biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer（EOC）. But its role in assessing the primary optimal debulking（OD） of EOC remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the ability of preoperative HE4 in predicting the primary cytoreductive outcomes in advanced EOC, tubal or peritoneal carcinoma.Methods： We reviewed the records of 90 patients with advanced ovarian, tubal or peritoneal carcinoma who underwent primary cytoreduction at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University People＇s Hospital between November 2005 and October 2010. Preoperative serum HE4 and CA125 levels were detected with EIA kit. A receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to determine the most useful HE4 cut-off value. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant preoperative clinical characteristics to predict optimal primary cytoreduction.Results： OD was achieved in 47.7%（43/48） of patients. The median preoperative HE4 level for patients with OD vs. suboptimal debulking was 423 and 820 pmol/L, respectively（P〈0.001）. The areas under the ROC curve for HE4 and CA125 were 0.716 and 0.599, respectively（P=0.080）. The most useful HE4 cut-off value was 473 pmol/L. Suboptimal cytoreduction was obtained in 66.7%（38/57） of cases with HE4 ≥473 pmol/L compared with only 27.3%（9/33） of cases with HE4 〈473 pmol/L. At this threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value（PPV） and negative predictive value（NPV） for diagnosing suboptimal debulking were 81%, 56%, 67%, and 73%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with HE4 ≥473 pmol/L were less likely to achieve OD（odds ratio =5.044, P=0.002）.Conclusions： Preoperative serum HE4 may be helpful to predict whether optimal cytoreductive surgery could be obtained or whether extended cytoreduction would be needed by an interdisciplinary team.展开更多
Objective:Hematogenous metastasis is essential for the progression of ovarian cancer(OC),and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are part of the metastatic cascade.However,the detection rate of CTC is low due to the use of l...Objective:Hematogenous metastasis is essential for the progression of ovarian cancer(OC),and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are part of the metastatic cascade.However,the detection rate of CTC is low due to the use of less sensitive detection methods.Therefore,this study aimed to detect CTCs and circulating tumorigenic endothelial cells(CTECs)in patients with OC using subtraction enrichment and immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization(SE-iFISH).Methods:We enrolled a total of 56 subjects,including 20 OC patients and 36 ovarian benign tumor patients.CTCs and CTECs were captured by subtraction enrichment(SE)and counted and classified according to immunofluorescence staining of tumor markers(TMs)carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization(iFISH)of chromosome 8(Chr8)aneuploidy.The diagnostic value and subtype characteristics of CTCs and CTECs were investigated.Results:The detection rate of CTCs by SE-iFISH was high.Compared with CA125 and HE4,Chr8 aneuploidy was the major identification feature of CTC.CTC counts in OC were statistically higher than those in benign groups.CTC and CTEC with≥pentaploidy were detected in both groups,illustrating the poor diagnostic value of CTC or CTEC.Distributions of triploid and tetraploid CTC subtypes were significantly different,and combined detection of triploid and tetraploid CTCs showed the best diagnostic value.In contrast,the distribution of CTECs in the OC and benign groups had no statistically significant difference.Small CTCs accounted for over 1/3 of the total CTC count.We also found that small CTCs and CTECs primarily comprised triploid cells,while large CTCs and CTECs mainly comprised pentaploidy and beyond.Conclusions:The application of SE-iFISH offered a more comprehensive understanding of heterogeneous CTCs and CTECs in OC.Analysis of subclass characteristics of the CTCs and CTECs according to Chr8 aneuploidy and cell size may broaden their potential clinical utility and deepen mechanistic studies in OC.展开更多
Objective： Ovarian cancer（OC） is one of the leading causes of death for female cancer patients. COC166-9 is an OC-specific monoclonal antibody and we have identified immunoglobulin γ-1 heavy chain constant region...Objective： Ovarian cancer（OC） is one of the leading causes of death for female cancer patients. COC166-9 is an OC-specific monoclonal antibody and we have identified immunoglobulin γ-1 heavy chain constant region（IGHG1） as its antigen. We explore the function of IGHG1 in proliferation, apoptosis and motility of OC cells further in this research.Methods： IGHG1 expression in OC specimens was detected through immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） or western blotting assay was used to test IGHG1 expression in OC cells. Viability of OC cells was tested by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT）assay. Flow cytometry or western blotting assay was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Cellular motility was analyzed by using transwell assay and the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） were tested through immunoblots.Results： Although it exerts negligible effect on the viability and apoptosis of OC cells, IGHG1 could promote migration and invasion of malignant cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IGHG1 increases the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin while decreases E-cadherin expression. Additionally, IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is higher relative to the paired normal counterparts. Further analysis demonstrates that the increased IGHG1 expression correlates positively with the lymph node metastasis of OC.Conclusions： IGHG1 promotes the motility of OC cells likely through executing the EMT program. Increased IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is associated with the lymph node metastasis.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determine...Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determined by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining using tissue microarrays with the H-score system and immunofluorescence(IF) staining of tumor cell lines.Imaging probes with the NIR fluorescent dye cyanine 7(Cy7) conjugated to COC183 B2 Mab were chemically engineered. OC183 B2-positive human OC cells(SKOV3-Luc) were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescent imaging(BLI) was performed to detect tumor location and growth. COC183 B2-Cy7 at 1.1,3.3, 10, or 30 μg were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging, and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), free Cy7 dye and mouse isotype immunoglobulin G(IgG)-Cy7(delivered at the same doses as COC183 B2-Cy7) were used as controls.Results: The expression of OC183 B2 with a high H-score was more prevalent in OC tissue than fallopian tube(FT) tissue. Among 417 OC patients, the expression of OC183 B2 was significantly correlated with the histological subtype, histological grade, residual tumor size, relapse state and survival status. IF staining demonstrated that COC183 B2 specifically expressed in SKOV3 cells but not HeLa cells. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging indicated that COC183 B2-Cy7 was mainly distributed in the xenograft and liver with optimal tumor-to-background(T/B)ratios in the xenograft at 30 μg dose. The highest fluorescent signals in the tumor were observed at 96 h postinjection(hpi). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed the fluorescent signals mainly from the tumor and liver. IHC analysis confirmed that xenografts were OC183 B2 positive.Conclusions: COC183 B2 is a good candidate for NIR fluorescence imaging and imaging-guided surgery in OC.展开更多
Dissolved oxygen in the steel at the terminal of the converter smelting process is the main cause for the formation of oxide inclusions, and the high terminal oxygen content worsens the steel cleanness. However, post ...Dissolved oxygen in the steel at the terminal of the converter smelting process is the main cause for the formation of oxide inclusions, and the high terminal oxygen content worsens the steel cleanness. However, post stirring in a combined blowing converter can promote the carbon-oxygen reaction in the liquid steel and reduce the dissolved oxygen content at the terminal of the converter smelting process. Thus, the mathematical model of deoxidization in the post stirring process was obtained, and the rationality of which was further verified by industrial tests. Finally, it is concluded that the product of dissolved carbon and oxygen, i.e. w[C]·w[O], decreases obviously after adopting the new technique of post stirring in the combined blowing converter.展开更多
Background:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the biggest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality because of its extremely metastatic nature.This study aimed to explore and evaluate the characteristics ...Background:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the biggest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality because of its extremely metastatic nature.This study aimed to explore and evaluate the characteristics of candidate factors associated with the metastasis and progression of HGSOC.Methods:Transcriptomic data of HGSOC patients’samples collected from primary tumors and matched omental metastatic tumors were obtained from three independent studies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were selected to evaluate the effects on the prognosis and progression of ovarian cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Hub genes’immune landscapes were estimated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER)database.Finally,using 25 HGSOC patients'cancer tissues and 10 normal fallopian tube tissues,immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed to quantify the expression levels of hub genes associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stages.Results:Fourteen DEGs,ADIPOQ,ALPK2,BARX1,CD37,CNR2,COL5A3,FABP4,FAP,GPR68,ITGBL1,MOXD1,PODNL1,SFRP2,and TRAF3IP3,were upregulated in metastatic tumors in every database while CADPS,GATA4,STAR,and TSPAN8 were downregulated.ALPK2,FAP,SFRP2,GATA4,STAR,and TSPAN8 were selected as hub genes significantly associated with survival and recurrence.All hub genes were correlated with tumor microenvironment infiltration,especially cancer-associated fibroblasts and natural killer(NK)cells.Furthermore,the expression of FAP and SFRP2 was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,and their increased protein expression levels in metastatic samples compared with primary tumor samples and normal tissues were confirmed by IHC(P=0.0002 and P=0.0001,respectively).Conclusions:This study describes screening for DEGs in HGSOC primary tumors and matched metastasis tumors using integrated bioinformatics analyses.We identified six hub genes that were correlated with the progression of HGSOC,particularly FAP and SFRP2,which might provide effective targets to predict prognosis and provide novel insights into individual therapeutic strategies for HGSOC.展开更多
Aim To assess whether adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis are different according to the method of conception and the concurrent of uterine leiomyoma(UL).Methods We performed a retrospective study.Fif...Aim To assess whether adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis are different according to the method of conception and the concurrent of uterine leiomyoma(UL).Methods We performed a retrospective study.Fifty-three singleton pregnancy cases complicated with adenomyosis were included in this study.In the study group,15 women became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology(ART)and 21 women combined with UL.Pregnancy outcomes were compared between ART and non-ART,UL and non-UL groups.Results The prevalence for such complications as hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP)and postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)were significantly higher in the women conceived by ART(33.3%vs.5.3%,P=0.023)and(53.3%vs.23.7%,P=0.037),respectively.And women concurrent with UL of which the diameter≥4cm were more likely to have severe PPH(44.4%vs.0%,P=0.021).Conclusion ART may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as HDCP and PPH in women with adenomyosis and UL of which the diameter≥4cm may further increase the risk of severe PPH.展开更多
Background： Circulating endometrial cells （CECs） have been reported to be present in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis （EM）, providing clear and specific evidence of the presence of ectopic lesions...Background： Circulating endometrial cells （CECs） have been reported to be present in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis （EM）, providing clear and specific evidence of the presence of ectopic lesions. In this study, we established a method with a high detection rate of CECs, assessed the diagnostic value of CECs for EM and compared with serum CA125, and proposed a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of EM from the new perspective of CECs. Methods： The participants were enrolled prospectively from October 2015 to July 2016. The peripheral blood samples were collected from 59 participants, and the blood cells were isolated for immunofluorescence staining via microfluidic chips. The cells that were positive for vimentin/cytokeratin and estrogen/progesterone receptor and negative for CD45 were identified as CECs. The serum CA125 level was tested with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results： The detection rate of CECs reached 89.5% （17/19） in the EM group, which was significantly higher than that of the control group （15.0% [6/40], P 〈 0.001） and was independent of menstrual cycle phases. Furthermore, a positive CEC assay detected 4/5 cases of Stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ EM. In contrast, a positive CA125 test had limited value in detecting EM （13/19, 68.4%） and detected only one case of Stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ EM. Conclusion： CECs are promising biomarkers for EM with great potential for a noninvasive diagnostic assay.展开更多
Background::Human epididymis secretory protein 4(HE4)is a new ovarian cancer biomarker.The factors influencing HE4 levels are not clear,and the reference data in China are limited.Here,we aim to evaluate the effects o...Background::Human epididymis secretory protein 4(HE4)is a new ovarian cancer biomarker.The factors influencing HE4 levels are not clear,and the reference data in China are limited.Here,we aim to evaluate the effects of menopause and age on HE4 levels and to provide a possible reference value for HE4 in healthy Chinese people.Methods::A total of 2493 healthy females aged 40 years or older were recruited from March 2013 to March 2017 with the cooperation of four medical institutions across Beijing,China.The serum levels of HE4 and cancer antigen 125(CA125)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The Wilcoxon rank-sum test of variance and a stratified analysis were used to analyze the relationships among age,menopausal status,and levels of HE4 or CA125.Confidence intervals(5%-95%)were determined for reference ranges in different populations.Results::There was a statistically significant difference in median HE4 levels between the post-menopausal(n=2168)and premenopausal groups(n=325)(36.46 vs.24.04 pmol/L,Z=-14.41,P<0.001).HE4 increased significantly with age in the post-menopausal groups(H=408.18,P<0.001)but not in the pre-menopausal subjects(Z=-0.43,P=0.67).The upper 95th percentile of HE4 levels were 44.63 pmol/L for pre-menopausal women,78.17 pmol/L for post-menopausal women,and 73.3 pmol/L for all women.In the post-menopausal population,the HE4 reference ranges were 13.15 to 47.31,14.31 to 58.04,17.06 to 73.51,24.50 to 115.25,and 35.71 to 212.37 pmol/L for different age groups from forty divided by decade.The CA125 level was affected mainly by menopausal status and not age.Conclusions::Menopausal status and age were both important factors influencing the level of HE4,and age affected HE4 levels mainly in post-menopausal women.The HE4 level was higher in the post-menopausal population than in the pre-menopausal population and increased with age.展开更多
Background：We investigated possible biomarkers for endometriosis （EM） using the ClinProt technique and proteomics methods.Methods：We enrolled 50 patients with EM,34 with benign ovarian neoplasms and 40 healthy vol...Background：We investigated possible biomarkers for endometriosis （EM） using the ClinProt technique and proteomics methods.Methods：We enrolled 50 patients with EM,34 with benign ovarian neoplasms and 40 healthy volunteers in this study.Serum proteomic spectra were generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MS） combined with weak cationic exchange （WCX） magnetic beads.Possible biomarkers were analyzed by a random and repeat pattern model-validation method that we designed,and ClinProtools software,results were refined using online liquid chromatography-tandem MS.Results：We found a cluster of 5 peptides （4210,5264,2660,5635,and 5904 Da）,using 3 peptides （4210,5904,2660 Da） to discriminate EM patients from healthy volunteers,with 96.67％ sensitivity and 100％ specificity.We selected 4210 and 5904 m/z,which differed most between patients with EM and controls,and identified them as fragments of ATP1B4,and the fibrinogen alpha （FGA） isoform 1/2 of the FGA chain precursor,respectively.Conclusions：ClinProt can identify EM biomarkers,which-most notably-distinguish even early-stage or minimal disease.We found 5 stable peaks at 4210,5264,2660,5635,and 5904 Da as potential EM biomarkers,the strongest of which were associated with ATP1B4 （4210 Da） and FGA （5904 Da）; this indicates that ATP1B4 and FGA are associated with EM pathogenesis.展开更多
Background： The association between the previous history ofendometriosis and obstetric outcomes is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of previous history of operatively diagnosed endometriosis ...Background： The association between the previous history ofendometriosis and obstetric outcomes is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of previous history of operatively diagnosed endometriosis on pregnancy outcomes. Methods： A total of 98 primiparous women who had been diagnosed with endometriosis by previous laparoscopic surgery were included in this retrospective cohort study. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between these women （study group） who had a live birth and 300 women without endometriosis （control group） who had a live birth. In the study group, the pregnancy outcomes of 74 women who conceived naturally （no assisted reproductive technology [ART] subgroup） were simultaneously compared with 24 women who conceived by ART （ART subgroup）. Results： Miscarriage was observed in 23 of 98 women with endometriosis （23.5%）. There were 75 women who had a live birth after laparoscopic diagnosis ofendometriosis in the study group eventually. On multivariate analysis, the postpartum hemorrhage rate increased significantly in the study group when compared with the control group （adjusted odds ratio： 2.265, 95% confidence interval： 1.062, 4.872; P = 0.034）. There was an upward tendency of developing other pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth, placental abruption, placenta previa, cesarean section, fetal distress/anemia, and others in the study group than in the control group. However, the differences showed no statistical significance. Within the study group, the occurrence rate of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth was both higher in the ART subgroup than in the no ART subgroup. The differences both had statistical significance （44.4% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.024 and 27.8% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.010, respectively）. At the same time, median （interquartile range） for gestational age at delivery in the ART subgroup was significantly shorter than that in the no ART subgroup （38 weeks [36-39 weeks] vs. 39 weeks [38-40 weeks]; P = 0.005）. Conclusions： Endometriosis may affect obstetric outcomes. Women with endometriosis have a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Women with endometriosis who conceived by ART may have a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth than those conceived naturally.展开更多
Background： Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. We investigated the prognostic value of programmed cell death 5 （PDCD5） in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods： Expression levels of PDCD5 mRNA a...Background： Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. We investigated the prognostic value of programmed cell death 5 （PDCD5） in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods： Expression levels of PDCD5 mRNA and protein were examined in six ovarian cancer cell lines （SKOV3, CAOV3, ES2, OV1, 3AO, and HOC 1 A） and one normal ovarian epithelial cell line （T29） using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytolnetry. Alter inducing PDCD5 induction in SKOV3 cells or treating this cell line with taxol or doxorubicin （either alone or combined）, apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. Correlations between PDCD5 protein expression and pathological features, histological grade, FIGO stage, effective cytoreductive surgery, and serum cancer antigen-125 values were evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer. Results： PDCD5 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human PDCD5 increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells （15.96 ± 2.07%, vs. 3.17 ± 1.45% in controls）. In patients with ovarian cancer, PDCD5 expression was inversely correlated with FIGO stage, pathological grade, and patient survival （P 〈 0.05, R = 0.7139 for survival）. Conclusions： PDCD5 expression is negatively correlated with disease progression and stage in ovarian cancer. Therefore, measuring PDCD5 expression may be a good method of determining the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.展开更多
To the Editor:Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies.The major limitation to the successful long-term treatment of ovarian cancer is the development of chemotherapeutic resistance,w...To the Editor:Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies.The major limitation to the successful long-term treatment of ovarian cancer is the development of chemotherapeutic resistance,which involves thousands of genes.In this study,a single-channel low-density custom microarray was designed to compare gene expression profiles between chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian cancer.Tfie 87 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in resistant and sensitive specimens that can be used to fairly accurately predict drug resistance in serous ovarian cancer.展开更多
Although adenomyosis is a largely benign disease,malignant transformations do happen in rare cases,resulting in endometrioid adenocarcinoma or sarcoma in the myometrium.Recently, attention has been focused on the mali...Although adenomyosis is a largely benign disease,malignant transformations do happen in rare cases,resulting in endometrioid adenocarcinoma or sarcoma in the myometrium.Recently, attention has been focused on the malignant transformation of the endometriosis.In 1988, the concept of atypical endometriosis （aEM） was first proposed by LaGrenade and Silverberg,[1] who suggested that aEM might be a precursor of malignant transformations of endometriosis.However, the majority of investigations of aEM focus on endometriosis, while adenomyosis remains understudied.In this article, we report 10 cases of atypical glandular hyperplasia transformation of adenomyosis, of whom the clinical and pathological characteristics are observed.展开更多
A 16-year-old girl was administered to our hospital because of primary amenorrhea and solid pelvic mass. She was 158 cm tall and weighed 55 kg. There was no evidence ofacanthosis nigricans, acne, hirsutism, goiter, cu...A 16-year-old girl was administered to our hospital because of primary amenorrhea and solid pelvic mass. She was 158 cm tall and weighed 55 kg. There was no evidence ofacanthosis nigricans, acne, hirsutism, goiter, cushingoid features, or Turners stigmata. Examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that the breast was small and poorly developed （Tanner＇s Stage II）. Pubic hair was absent while the external genitalia was of female type and had no evidence of clitoromegaly. Ultrasonography of the pelvis showed a solid mass diameter about 9 cm in right adnexal area, a normal uterus with endometrium of 3 ram, and left ovary 1.5 cm x1.0 cm. Her serum hormonal assay revealed a low estradiol level of 0.155 nmol/L （normal range： 0.200-0.790 nmol/L in follicular phase） in the background of elevated luteinizing hormone level of 25.47 U/L （normal range： 2.12-10.89 U/L in follicular phase）, follicle-stimulating hormone level of 51.36 U/L （normal range： 3.85-8.78 U/L in follicular phase）, and testosterone level of 3.97 nmol/L （normal range： 0.35-2.60 nmol/L）. She was found to have normal progesterone level of 3.77 nmol/L （0.98-4.83 nmol/L in follicular phase） and serum prolactin level of 12.47 ng/ml （3.34-26.72 ng/ml）.展开更多
Objective： Recently, a high frequency of mutations in mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） has been detected in ovarian cancer. To explore the alterations of proteins in mitochondria in ovarian cancer, a pair of human ovarian...Objective： Recently, a high frequency of mutations in mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） has been detected in ovarian cancer. To explore the alterations of proteins in mitochondria in ovarian cancer, a pair of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines （SKOV3/SKOV3.ip1） with different metastatic potentials was examined. Methods： Cancer cells SKOV3.ipl were derived from the ascitic tumor cells of nude mice bearing a tumor of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3. SKOV3.ipl exhibited a higher degree of migration potential than its paired cell line SKOV3. The proteins in the mi- tochondria of these two cells were isolated and separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The differently expressed proteins were extracted and identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight/time-of-flight （MALDITOF/TOF）, and finally a selected protein candidate was further investigated by immunohistochemistry （IHC） method in nude mice bearing tumor tissues of these two cells. Results： A total of 35 spots with different expressions were identified between the two cells using 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） approach. Among them, 17 spots were detected only in either SKOV3 or SKOV3.ipl cells. Eighteen spots expressed different levels, with as much as a three-fold difference between the two cells. Twenty spots were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF, and 11 of them were identified successfully; four were known to be located in mitochondria, including superoxide dismutase 2 （SOD2）, fumarate hydratase （FH）, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38 （MRPL38）, and mRNA turnover 4 homolog （MRTO4）. An increased staining of SOD2 was observed in SKOV3.ipl over that of SKOV3 in IHC analysis. Conclusions： Our results indicate that the enhanced antioxidation and metabolic potentials of ovarian cancer cells might contribute to their aggressive and metastatic behaviors. The underlying mechanism warrants further study.展开更多
To the Editor:The liver is one of the most vulnerable organs of metastatic tumors.A metastatic tumor of the liver is about 18 to 40 times more common than a primary liver tumor(LM).There are approximately 50,000 new o...To the Editor:The liver is one of the most vulnerable organs of metastatic tumors.A metastatic tumor of the liver is about 18 to 40 times more common than a primary liver tumor(LM).There are approximately 50,000 new ovarian cancer patients in China each year,and the annual mortality rate is approximately 40%.[1]At present,the treatment for LM in malignant tumors includes surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment.Nonsurgical treatment mainly includes systemic chemotherapy,radiofrequency ablation(RFA),transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),etc.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-VI-0006-0120)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3700402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074092 and 52274330).
文摘We discussed the decrease in residual stress,precipitation evolution,and mechanical properties of GH4151 alloy in different annealing temperatures,which were studied by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The findings reveal that annealing processing has a significant impact on diminishing residual stresses.As the annealing temperature rose from 950 to 1150℃,the majority of the residual stresses were relieved from 60.1 MPa down to 10.9 MPa.Moreover,the stress relaxation mechanism transitioned from being mainly controlled by dislocation slip to a combination of dislocation slip and grain boundary migration.Meanwhile,the annealing treatment promotes the decomposition of the Laves,accompanied by the precipitation ofμ-(Mo_(6)Co_(7))starting at 950℃ and reaching a maximum value at 1050℃.The tensile strength and plasticity of the annealing alloy at 1150℃ reached the maximum(1394 MPa,56.1%)which was 131%,200%fold than those of the as-cast alloy(1060 MPa,26.6%),but the oxidation process in the alloy was accelerated at 1150℃.The enhancement in durability and flexibility is primarily due to the dissolution of the brittle phase,along with the shape and dispersal of theγ′phase.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30872750)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.7092108)
文摘Objective： Transforming growth factor-1 （TGF-βI）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, and interleukin-lO （IL-10） may be critical cytokines in the microenvironment of a tumor, playing roles in immune suppression. This study was conducted to elucidate the roles and immunosuppressive functions of these cytokines in epithelial ovarian cancer （EOC）. Methods： The expression levels of TGF-β1, VEGF and IL-10 in malignant tissue were evaluated by immune- histochemistry and compared with corresponding borderline, benign, and tumor-free tissues. Moreover, relationships among the levels of these cytokines and correlations between expression and the prognosis of EOC were analyzed by Pearson rank correlations and multi-factor Logistic regression. The roles of TGF-βI, VEGF, and IL-lO in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer were studied through dendritic cell （DC） maturation and CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋ Treg generation in vitro experiments. Results： TGF-β1, VEGF, and IL-IO were expressed TGF-β1 was an independent prognostic factor for EOC n 100%, 74.69%, and 54.96% of EOC patients, respectively. L-IO was significantly co-expressed with VEGF. In vitro, VEGF and TGF-β31 strongly interfered with DC maturation and consequently led to immature DCs, which secreted high levels of IL-IO that accumulated around the tumor site. TGF-β1 and IL-10 induced Treg generation without antigen presentation in DCs. Conclusions： TGF-βI, VEGF and IL-IO play important roles in EOC and can lead to frequent immune evasion events.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-81172454)the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education(SRFDR-20100001110079)
文摘Objective： Human epididymis protein 4（HE4） is a promising biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer（EOC）. But its role in assessing the primary optimal debulking（OD） of EOC remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the ability of preoperative HE4 in predicting the primary cytoreductive outcomes in advanced EOC, tubal or peritoneal carcinoma.Methods： We reviewed the records of 90 patients with advanced ovarian, tubal or peritoneal carcinoma who underwent primary cytoreduction at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University People＇s Hospital between November 2005 and October 2010. Preoperative serum HE4 and CA125 levels were detected with EIA kit. A receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to determine the most useful HE4 cut-off value. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant preoperative clinical characteristics to predict optimal primary cytoreduction.Results： OD was achieved in 47.7%（43/48） of patients. The median preoperative HE4 level for patients with OD vs. suboptimal debulking was 423 and 820 pmol/L, respectively（P〈0.001）. The areas under the ROC curve for HE4 and CA125 were 0.716 and 0.599, respectively（P=0.080）. The most useful HE4 cut-off value was 473 pmol/L. Suboptimal cytoreduction was obtained in 66.7%（38/57） of cases with HE4 ≥473 pmol/L compared with only 27.3%（9/33） of cases with HE4 〈473 pmol/L. At this threshold, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value（PPV） and negative predictive value（NPV） for diagnosing suboptimal debulking were 81%, 56%, 67%, and 73%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with HE4 ≥473 pmol/L were less likely to achieve OD（odds ratio =5.044, P=0.002）.Conclusions： Preoperative serum HE4 may be helpful to predict whether optimal cytoreductive surgery could be obtained or whether extended cytoreduction would be needed by an interdisciplinary team.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0201404)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971360)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2015BAI 13B06)。
文摘Objective:Hematogenous metastasis is essential for the progression of ovarian cancer(OC),and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are part of the metastatic cascade.However,the detection rate of CTC is low due to the use of less sensitive detection methods.Therefore,this study aimed to detect CTCs and circulating tumorigenic endothelial cells(CTECs)in patients with OC using subtraction enrichment and immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization(SE-iFISH).Methods:We enrolled a total of 56 subjects,including 20 OC patients and 36 ovarian benign tumor patients.CTCs and CTECs were captured by subtraction enrichment(SE)and counted and classified according to immunofluorescence staining of tumor markers(TMs)carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)and human epididymis protein 4(HE4)combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization(iFISH)of chromosome 8(Chr8)aneuploidy.The diagnostic value and subtype characteristics of CTCs and CTECs were investigated.Results:The detection rate of CTCs by SE-iFISH was high.Compared with CA125 and HE4,Chr8 aneuploidy was the major identification feature of CTC.CTC counts in OC were statistically higher than those in benign groups.CTC and CTEC with≥pentaploidy were detected in both groups,illustrating the poor diagnostic value of CTC or CTEC.Distributions of triploid and tetraploid CTC subtypes were significantly different,and combined detection of triploid and tetraploid CTCs showed the best diagnostic value.In contrast,the distribution of CTECs in the OC and benign groups had no statistically significant difference.Small CTCs accounted for over 1/3 of the total CTC count.We also found that small CTCs and CTECs primarily comprised triploid cells,while large CTCs and CTECs mainly comprised pentaploidy and beyond.Conclusions:The application of SE-iFISH offered a more comprehensive understanding of heterogeneous CTCs and CTECs in OC.Analysis of subclass characteristics of the CTCs and CTECs according to Chr8 aneuploidy and cell size may broaden their potential clinical utility and deepen mechanistic studies in OC.
基金supported by Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81341077)
文摘Objective： Ovarian cancer（OC） is one of the leading causes of death for female cancer patients. COC166-9 is an OC-specific monoclonal antibody and we have identified immunoglobulin γ-1 heavy chain constant region（IGHG1） as its antigen. We explore the function of IGHG1 in proliferation, apoptosis and motility of OC cells further in this research.Methods： IGHG1 expression in OC specimens was detected through immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） or western blotting assay was used to test IGHG1 expression in OC cells. Viability of OC cells was tested by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT）assay. Flow cytometry or western blotting assay was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Cellular motility was analyzed by using transwell assay and the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） were tested through immunoblots.Results： Although it exerts negligible effect on the viability and apoptosis of OC cells, IGHG1 could promote migration and invasion of malignant cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IGHG1 increases the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin while decreases E-cadherin expression. Additionally, IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is higher relative to the paired normal counterparts. Further analysis demonstrates that the increased IGHG1 expression correlates positively with the lymph node metastasis of OC.Conclusions： IGHG1 promotes the motility of OC cells likely through executing the EMT program. Increased IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is associated with the lymph node metastasis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2016YFA0201400)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81671431)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the imaging potential of a novel near-infrared(NIR) probe conjugated to COC183 B2 monoclonal antibodies(MAb) in ovarian cancer(OC).Methods: The expression of OC183 B2 antigen in OC was determined by immunohistochemical(IHC) staining using tissue microarrays with the H-score system and immunofluorescence(IF) staining of tumor cell lines.Imaging probes with the NIR fluorescent dye cyanine 7(Cy7) conjugated to COC183 B2 Mab were chemically engineered. OC183 B2-positive human OC cells(SKOV3-Luc) were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice. Bioluminescent imaging(BLI) was performed to detect tumor location and growth. COC183 B2-Cy7 at 1.1,3.3, 10, or 30 μg were used for in vivo fluorescence imaging, and phosphate-buffered saline(PBS), free Cy7 dye and mouse isotype immunoglobulin G(IgG)-Cy7(delivered at the same doses as COC183 B2-Cy7) were used as controls.Results: The expression of OC183 B2 with a high H-score was more prevalent in OC tissue than fallopian tube(FT) tissue. Among 417 OC patients, the expression of OC183 B2 was significantly correlated with the histological subtype, histological grade, residual tumor size, relapse state and survival status. IF staining demonstrated that COC183 B2 specifically expressed in SKOV3 cells but not HeLa cells. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging indicated that COC183 B2-Cy7 was mainly distributed in the xenograft and liver with optimal tumor-to-background(T/B)ratios in the xenograft at 30 μg dose. The highest fluorescent signals in the tumor were observed at 96 h postinjection(hpi). Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed the fluorescent signals mainly from the tumor and liver. IHC analysis confirmed that xenografts were OC183 B2 positive.Conclusions: COC183 B2 is a good candidate for NIR fluorescence imaging and imaging-guided surgery in OC.
文摘Dissolved oxygen in the steel at the terminal of the converter smelting process is the main cause for the formation of oxide inclusions, and the high terminal oxygen content worsens the steel cleanness. However, post stirring in a combined blowing converter can promote the carbon-oxygen reaction in the liquid steel and reduce the dissolved oxygen content at the terminal of the converter smelting process. Thus, the mathematical model of deoxidization in the post stirring process was obtained, and the rationality of which was further verified by industrial tests. Finally, it is concluded that the product of dissolved carbon and oxygen, i.e. w[C]·w[O], decreases obviously after adopting the new technique of post stirring in the combined blowing converter.
基金supported by the grant from Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7222202)
文摘Background:High-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)is the biggest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality because of its extremely metastatic nature.This study aimed to explore and evaluate the characteristics of candidate factors associated with the metastasis and progression of HGSOC.Methods:Transcriptomic data of HGSOC patients’samples collected from primary tumors and matched omental metastatic tumors were obtained from three independent studies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were selected to evaluate the effects on the prognosis and progression of ovarian cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database.Hub genes’immune landscapes were estimated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource(TIMER)database.Finally,using 25 HGSOC patients'cancer tissues and 10 normal fallopian tube tissues,immunohistochemistry(IHC)was performed to quantify the expression levels of hub genes associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stages.Results:Fourteen DEGs,ADIPOQ,ALPK2,BARX1,CD37,CNR2,COL5A3,FABP4,FAP,GPR68,ITGBL1,MOXD1,PODNL1,SFRP2,and TRAF3IP3,were upregulated in metastatic tumors in every database while CADPS,GATA4,STAR,and TSPAN8 were downregulated.ALPK2,FAP,SFRP2,GATA4,STAR,and TSPAN8 were selected as hub genes significantly associated with survival and recurrence.All hub genes were correlated with tumor microenvironment infiltration,especially cancer-associated fibroblasts and natural killer(NK)cells.Furthermore,the expression of FAP and SFRP2 was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,and their increased protein expression levels in metastatic samples compared with primary tumor samples and normal tissues were confirmed by IHC(P=0.0002 and P=0.0001,respectively).Conclusions:This study describes screening for DEGs in HGSOC primary tumors and matched metastasis tumors using integrated bioinformatics analyses.We identified six hub genes that were correlated with the progression of HGSOC,particularly FAP and SFRP2,which might provide effective targets to predict prognosis and provide novel insights into individual therapeutic strategies for HGSOC.
基金“Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality”[No:7222206].
文摘Aim To assess whether adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis are different according to the method of conception and the concurrent of uterine leiomyoma(UL).Methods We performed a retrospective study.Fifty-three singleton pregnancy cases complicated with adenomyosis were included in this study.In the study group,15 women became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology(ART)and 21 women combined with UL.Pregnancy outcomes were compared between ART and non-ART,UL and non-UL groups.Results The prevalence for such complications as hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP)and postpartum hemorrhage(PPH)were significantly higher in the women conceived by ART(33.3%vs.5.3%,P=0.023)and(53.3%vs.23.7%,P=0.037),respectively.And women concurrent with UL of which the diameter≥4cm were more likely to have severe PPH(44.4%vs.0%,P=0.021).Conclusion ART may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as HDCP and PPH in women with adenomyosis and UL of which the diameter≥4cm may further increase the risk of severe PPH.
文摘Background： Circulating endometrial cells （CECs） have been reported to be present in the peripheral blood of women with endometriosis （EM）, providing clear and specific evidence of the presence of ectopic lesions. In this study, we established a method with a high detection rate of CECs, assessed the diagnostic value of CECs for EM and compared with serum CA125, and proposed a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of EM from the new perspective of CECs. Methods： The participants were enrolled prospectively from October 2015 to July 2016. The peripheral blood samples were collected from 59 participants, and the blood cells were isolated for immunofluorescence staining via microfluidic chips. The cells that were positive for vimentin/cytokeratin and estrogen/progesterone receptor and negative for CD45 were identified as CECs. The serum CA125 level was tested with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results： The detection rate of CECs reached 89.5% （17/19） in the EM group, which was significantly higher than that of the control group （15.0% [6/40], P 〈 0.001） and was independent of menstrual cycle phases. Furthermore, a positive CEC assay detected 4/5 cases of Stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ EM. In contrast, a positive CA125 test had limited value in detecting EM （13/19, 68.4%） and detected only one case of Stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ EM. Conclusion： CECs are promising biomarkers for EM with great potential for a noninvasive diagnostic assay.
基金This research was supported by grants from the Capital Foundation of Medical Developments of China(CFMD2011402202)National Key Technology R&D Program(2015BAI13B06)research funding from Fujirebio Diagnostics,Inc.
文摘Background::Human epididymis secretory protein 4(HE4)is a new ovarian cancer biomarker.The factors influencing HE4 levels are not clear,and the reference data in China are limited.Here,we aim to evaluate the effects of menopause and age on HE4 levels and to provide a possible reference value for HE4 in healthy Chinese people.Methods::A total of 2493 healthy females aged 40 years or older were recruited from March 2013 to March 2017 with the cooperation of four medical institutions across Beijing,China.The serum levels of HE4 and cancer antigen 125(CA125)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The Wilcoxon rank-sum test of variance and a stratified analysis were used to analyze the relationships among age,menopausal status,and levels of HE4 or CA125.Confidence intervals(5%-95%)were determined for reference ranges in different populations.Results::There was a statistically significant difference in median HE4 levels between the post-menopausal(n=2168)and premenopausal groups(n=325)(36.46 vs.24.04 pmol/L,Z=-14.41,P<0.001).HE4 increased significantly with age in the post-menopausal groups(H=408.18,P<0.001)but not in the pre-menopausal subjects(Z=-0.43,P=0.67).The upper 95th percentile of HE4 levels were 44.63 pmol/L for pre-menopausal women,78.17 pmol/L for post-menopausal women,and 73.3 pmol/L for all women.In the post-menopausal population,the HE4 reference ranges were 13.15 to 47.31,14.31 to 58.04,17.06 to 73.51,24.50 to 115.25,and 35.71 to 212.37 pmol/L for different age groups from forty divided by decade.The CA125 level was affected mainly by menopausal status and not age.Conclusions::Menopausal status and age were both important factors influencing the level of HE4,and age affected HE4 levels mainly in post-menopausal women.The HE4 level was higher in the post-menopausal population than in the pre-menopausal population and increased with age.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，supported by Peking University People＇s Hospital Research and Development Funds
文摘Background：We investigated possible biomarkers for endometriosis （EM） using the ClinProt technique and proteomics methods.Methods：We enrolled 50 patients with EM,34 with benign ovarian neoplasms and 40 healthy volunteers in this study.Serum proteomic spectra were generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MS） combined with weak cationic exchange （WCX） magnetic beads.Possible biomarkers were analyzed by a random and repeat pattern model-validation method that we designed,and ClinProtools software,results were refined using online liquid chromatography-tandem MS.Results：We found a cluster of 5 peptides （4210,5264,2660,5635,and 5904 Da）,using 3 peptides （4210,5904,2660 Da） to discriminate EM patients from healthy volunteers,with 96.67％ sensitivity and 100％ specificity.We selected 4210 and 5904 m/z,which differed most between patients with EM and controls,and identified them as fragments of ATP1B4,and the fibrinogen alpha （FGA） isoform 1/2 of the FGA chain precursor,respectively.Conclusions：ClinProt can identify EM biomarkers,which-most notably-distinguish even early-stage or minimal disease.We found 5 stable peaks at 4210,5264,2660,5635,and 5904 Da as potential EM biomarkers,the strongest of which were associated with ATP1B4 （4210 Da） and FGA （5904 Da）; this indicates that ATP1B4 and FGA are associated with EM pathogenesis.
文摘Background： The association between the previous history ofendometriosis and obstetric outcomes is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of previous history of operatively diagnosed endometriosis on pregnancy outcomes. Methods： A total of 98 primiparous women who had been diagnosed with endometriosis by previous laparoscopic surgery were included in this retrospective cohort study. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between these women （study group） who had a live birth and 300 women without endometriosis （control group） who had a live birth. In the study group, the pregnancy outcomes of 74 women who conceived naturally （no assisted reproductive technology [ART] subgroup） were simultaneously compared with 24 women who conceived by ART （ART subgroup）. Results： Miscarriage was observed in 23 of 98 women with endometriosis （23.5%）. There were 75 women who had a live birth after laparoscopic diagnosis ofendometriosis in the study group eventually. On multivariate analysis, the postpartum hemorrhage rate increased significantly in the study group when compared with the control group （adjusted odds ratio： 2.265, 95% confidence interval： 1.062, 4.872; P = 0.034）. There was an upward tendency of developing other pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth, placental abruption, placenta previa, cesarean section, fetal distress/anemia, and others in the study group than in the control group. However, the differences showed no statistical significance. Within the study group, the occurrence rate of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth was both higher in the ART subgroup than in the no ART subgroup. The differences both had statistical significance （44.4% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.024 and 27.8% vs. 1.8%, P = 0.010, respectively）. At the same time, median （interquartile range） for gestational age at delivery in the ART subgroup was significantly shorter than that in the no ART subgroup （38 weeks [36-39 weeks] vs. 39 weeks [38-40 weeks]; P = 0.005）. Conclusions： Endometriosis may affect obstetric outcomes. Women with endometriosis have a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Women with endometriosis who conceived by ART may have a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage and preterm birth than those conceived naturally.
文摘Background： Ovarian cancer is a leading gynecological malignancy. We investigated the prognostic value of programmed cell death 5 （PDCD5） in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods： Expression levels of PDCD5 mRNA and protein were examined in six ovarian cancer cell lines （SKOV3, CAOV3, ES2, OV1, 3AO, and HOC 1 A） and one normal ovarian epithelial cell line （T29） using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytolnetry. Alter inducing PDCD5 induction in SKOV3 cells or treating this cell line with taxol or doxorubicin （either alone or combined）, apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining. Correlations between PDCD5 protein expression and pathological features, histological grade, FIGO stage, effective cytoreductive surgery, and serum cancer antigen-125 values were evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer. Results： PDCD5 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Recombinant human PDCD5 increased doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells （15.96 ± 2.07%, vs. 3.17 ± 1.45% in controls）. In patients with ovarian cancer, PDCD5 expression was inversely correlated with FIGO stage, pathological grade, and patient survival （P 〈 0.05, R = 0.7139 for survival）. Conclusions： PDCD5 expression is negatively correlated with disease progression and stage in ovarian cancer. Therefore, measuring PDCD5 expression may be a good method of determining the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
基金supported by grant from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7082098).
文摘To the Editor:Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies.The major limitation to the successful long-term treatment of ovarian cancer is the development of chemotherapeutic resistance,which involves thousands of genes.In this study,a single-channel low-density custom microarray was designed to compare gene expression profiles between chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive ovarian cancer.Tfie 87 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in resistant and sensitive specimens that can be used to fairly accurately predict drug resistance in serous ovarian cancer.
文摘Although adenomyosis is a largely benign disease,malignant transformations do happen in rare cases,resulting in endometrioid adenocarcinoma or sarcoma in the myometrium.Recently, attention has been focused on the malignant transformation of the endometriosis.In 1988, the concept of atypical endometriosis （aEM） was first proposed by LaGrenade and Silverberg,[1] who suggested that aEM might be a precursor of malignant transformations of endometriosis.However, the majority of investigations of aEM focus on endometriosis, while adenomyosis remains understudied.In this article, we report 10 cases of atypical glandular hyperplasia transformation of adenomyosis, of whom the clinical and pathological characteristics are observed.
文摘A 16-year-old girl was administered to our hospital because of primary amenorrhea and solid pelvic mass. She was 158 cm tall and weighed 55 kg. There was no evidence ofacanthosis nigricans, acne, hirsutism, goiter, cushingoid features, or Turners stigmata. Examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that the breast was small and poorly developed （Tanner＇s Stage II）. Pubic hair was absent while the external genitalia was of female type and had no evidence of clitoromegaly. Ultrasonography of the pelvis showed a solid mass diameter about 9 cm in right adnexal area, a normal uterus with endometrium of 3 ram, and left ovary 1.5 cm x1.0 cm. Her serum hormonal assay revealed a low estradiol level of 0.155 nmol/L （normal range： 0.200-0.790 nmol/L in follicular phase） in the background of elevated luteinizing hormone level of 25.47 U/L （normal range： 2.12-10.89 U/L in follicular phase）, follicle-stimulating hormone level of 51.36 U/L （normal range： 3.85-8.78 U/L in follicular phase）, and testosterone level of 3.97 nmol/L （normal range： 0.35-2.60 nmol/L）. She was found to have normal progesterone level of 3.77 nmol/L （0.98-4.83 nmol/L in follicular phase） and serum prolactin level of 12.47 ng/ml （3.34-26.72 ng/ml）.
文摘Objective： Recently, a high frequency of mutations in mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） has been detected in ovarian cancer. To explore the alterations of proteins in mitochondria in ovarian cancer, a pair of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines （SKOV3/SKOV3.ip1） with different metastatic potentials was examined. Methods： Cancer cells SKOV3.ipl were derived from the ascitic tumor cells of nude mice bearing a tumor of ovarian cancer cells SKOV3. SKOV3.ipl exhibited a higher degree of migration potential than its paired cell line SKOV3. The proteins in the mi- tochondria of these two cells were isolated and separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis. The differently expressed proteins were extracted and identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight/time-of-flight （MALDITOF/TOF）, and finally a selected protein candidate was further investigated by immunohistochemistry （IHC） method in nude mice bearing tumor tissues of these two cells. Results： A total of 35 spots with different expressions were identified between the two cells using 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE） approach. Among them, 17 spots were detected only in either SKOV3 or SKOV3.ipl cells. Eighteen spots expressed different levels, with as much as a three-fold difference between the two cells. Twenty spots were analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF, and 11 of them were identified successfully; four were known to be located in mitochondria, including superoxide dismutase 2 （SOD2）, fumarate hydratase （FH）, mitochondrial ribosomal protein L38 （MRPL38）, and mRNA turnover 4 homolog （MRTO4）. An increased staining of SOD2 was observed in SKOV3.ipl over that of SKOV3 in IHC analysis. Conclusions： Our results indicate that the enhanced antioxidation and metabolic potentials of ovarian cancer cells might contribute to their aggressive and metastatic behaviors. The underlying mechanism warrants further study.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2016 YFC1303100,2016YFC1303103,and 2013YQ030595)。
文摘To the Editor:The liver is one of the most vulnerable organs of metastatic tumors.A metastatic tumor of the liver is about 18 to 40 times more common than a primary liver tumor(LM).There are approximately 50,000 new ovarian cancer patients in China each year,and the annual mortality rate is approximately 40%.[1]At present,the treatment for LM in malignant tumors includes surgical treatment and nonsurgical treatment.Nonsurgical treatment mainly includes systemic chemotherapy,radiofrequency ablation(RFA),transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),etc.
